The
mathnawi
Mathnawi ( ), also spelled masnavi, mesnevi or masnawi, is a kind of poem written in rhyming couplets, or more specifically "a poem based on independent, internally rhyming lines". Most mathnawi poems follow a Meter (poetry), meter of eleven, or o ...
''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa va Shari'at al-Tariqa'' () or ''Elahi-Nameh'' () is an early Sufi book of poetry written in the
Persian language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision ...
, composed by
Sanai Ghaznavi, with an
Irfan
In Islam, irfan (Arabic/ Persian/Urdu: ; ), literally 'knowledge, awareness, wisdom', is a concept in Islamic mysticism akin to gnosis, or spiritual knowledge.
Sunni mysticism
According to the founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, Abdul ...
theme. Sanai started composing it in the year 1130 AD (524 AH) and finished it in the year 1131 AD (525 AH).
[
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] The book has ten thousand verses in ten chapters;
[
] The subjects of this book, in addition to praising Allah,
the Last Prophet of Islam,
his family
''His Family'' is a novel by Ernest Poole published in 1917 about the life of a New York widower and his three daughters in the 1910s. It received the first Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1918.
Plot introduction
''His Family'' tells the story ...
and
companions, are about intellect, knowledge, wisdom and love.
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The manuscripts of ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' have been corrected and republished by
Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi
Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi (), distinguished Professor of University of Tehran,
was an Iranian peoples, Iranian Literary researcher and author. He was born in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran on March 18, 1896, and died on November 1 ...
in 1949.
[
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] Another correction has been published by
Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi and
Mehdi Zarghani in two volumes in October 2018.
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Its validity
Compared to other valuable works of
Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (), more commonly known as Sanai, was a poet from Ghazni. He lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan (At that time, Ghazni was considered part of the cultura ...
such as his
sonnets
A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set Rhyme scheme, rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word ''sonetto'' (, from the Latin word ''sonus'', ). Originating in ...
and
odes, ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' has been the most ambitious and accepted by character of more people over the centuries.
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''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' is one of the poem books that has influenced many poets. By composing this poem, Sanai opened a new chapter in composing mystical poems in the history of literature and mysticism.
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Great poets such as
Khaqani
Afzal al-Dīn Badīl ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿOthmān (), commonly known as Khāqānī (, , – 1199), was a major Persian poet and prose-writer. He was born in Transcaucasia in the historical region known as Shirvan, where he served as an ode-wr ...
in composing
Tuhfat al-Iraqayn and
Nizami Ganjavi
Nizami Ganjavi (; c. 1141 – 1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī,Mo'in, Muhammad(2006), "Tahlil-i Haft Paykar-i Nezami", Tehran.: p. 2: Some commentators h ...
in composing
Makhzan al-Asrar
''Makhzan ol-Asrar'' or ''Makhzan al-Asrar'' () is a famous ''mathnawi'' poem by the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209). It is the first of Nizami's five long poems known collectively as the '' Khamsa''. It is a didactic and philosophic ...
were under the direct influence of ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa''. Just a few years after ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' release,
Attar of Nishapur
Faridoddin Abu Hamed Mohammad Attar Nishapuri ( – c. 1221; ), better known by his pen-names Faridoddin () and ʿAttar of Nishapur (, Attar means apothecary), was a poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense ...
and
Rumi
Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (), or simply Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafi '' faqih'' (jurist), Maturidi theologian (''mutakallim''), and Sufi mystic born during the Khwarazmian Empire ...
reached the peak of development of mystical
mathnawis.
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Rumi's companions, who gathered at his school, sometimes turned to study of ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' of
Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (), more commonly known as Sanai, was a poet from Ghazni. He lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan (At that time, Ghazni was considered part of the cultura ...
, which Rumi was interested in too.
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Sample poem
A poem called ''The truth and the way'' from the book translated to English as follows:
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Another Hadiqat
In
mystical
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight ...
Persian literature
Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources have been within Greater Iran including present-day ...
, there is another book of the same nameو called Hadiqat al Hadiqa,
[
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] attributed to
Ghotb al-Din Mohammad Ibn Motahar Jami (1048-1141 AD). "Ghotb al-Din" is one of
Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami's grandchildren and has included some of his poems in this book.
[
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] This book was published about a century after ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' of
Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (), more commonly known as Sanai, was a poet from Ghazni. He lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan (At that time, Ghazni was considered part of the cultura ...
and is remarkable by experts. This book, in addition of same name with the book of Sanai, has similarities with Sanai's ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' in terms of content and general purpose. This "hadiqat" is also a trove and a collection of issues of practical wisdom and mystical manifestations and opinions that have been written due to the necessity of time and to guide the followers. But apart from the resemblance of name and general similarity in content and purpose, these two books have notable differences in language theme and structure. Basically, ''Hadiqat'' of
Ghotb al-Din Mohammad Ibn Motahar Jami is in
prose
Prose is language that follows the natural flow or rhythm of speech, ordinary grammatical structures, or, in writing, typical conventions and formatting. Thus, prose ranges from informal speaking to formal academic writing. Prose differs most n ...
form, but ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' of
Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (), more commonly known as Sanai, was a poet from Ghazni. He lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan (At that time, Ghazni was considered part of the cultura ...
is in
mathnawi
Mathnawi ( ), also spelled masnavi, mesnevi or masnawi, is a kind of poem written in rhyming couplets, or more specifically "a poem based on independent, internally rhyming lines". Most mathnawi poems follow a Meter (poetry), meter of eleven, or o ...
form. In addition to the linguistic differences, these two works are different in structure and number of chapters. Sanai's ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' has one introduction and ten chapters, while ''Hadiqat'' of
Ghotb al-Din Mohammad Ibn Motahar Jami, in addition to the editor's introduction, has fourteen chapters each with seventy one various sections.
[
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] The character and poems of Sanai Ghaznavi have always been respected and considered, and it is not unlikely that "Ghotb al-Din Mohammad Ibn Motahar Jami" wanted to devise another design of "Hadiqat al-Haqiqa" that is appropriate to the language and intellectual needs of his time.
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See also
*
Karnameye Balkh
*
Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad
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Tariq ut-tahqiq
*
Understanding Islamic Sciences
References
External links
Scan of the 1910 English translation by J. StephensonSana'i Ghaznavi - The Hadiqat al-HaqiqaTHE ENCLOSED GARDEN OF THE TRUTH PDFHakim Sanai: The Walled Garden of Truth*
ttps://collections.dma.org/artwork/5341347 Intikhab-i hadiqa (Selection or abridgement of the ''Hadiqat al-Haqiqa'' of Sana'i)EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF SANAEE’S MASNAVI HADIQAT AL-HAQIQASANĀʾI on iranicaonlineSanai's books on GoodreadsHakim Sanai Poems
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hadiqat al-Haqiqa
Sanai works
Mystical books
12th-century Persian books