HNLMS Evertsen (1926)
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HNLMS ''Evertsen'' was an of the
Royal Netherlands Navy The Royal Netherlands Navy (, ) is the Navy, maritime service branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. It traces its history to 8 January 1488, making it the List of navies, third-oldest navy in the world. During the 17th and early 18th centurie ...
operated between 1928 and 1942. Alongside her class, she was designed to serve as both as a
destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats. They were conceived i ...
and
minelayer A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for ins ...
in the
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...
. During World War II, she operated with an Allied fleet in the unsuccessful defense of the East Indies. In February 1942, the destroyer was evacuating the region as she lagged behind the cruisers ''
Perth Perth () is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The ...
'' and ''
Houston Houston ( ) is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and in the Southern United States. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the county seat, seat of ...
''. The two cruisers were destroyed in view of ''Evertsen'' during the
Battle of Sunda Strait The Battle of Sunda Strait was a naval battle which occurred during World War II in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java, and Sumatra. On the night of 28 February 1 March 1942, the Australian light cruiser , American heavy cruiser , ...
. The destroyer attempted to discreetly escape, but she was spotted by Japanese ships and was crippled by shell fire. With no escape, she was beached, the crew ran inland, and was destroyed by a fire.


Development and design

During the early 20th century, the primary goal of the
Royal Netherlands Navy The Royal Netherlands Navy (, ) is the Navy, maritime service branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. It traces its history to 8 January 1488, making it the List of navies, third-oldest navy in the world. During the 17th and early 18th centurie ...
was the defense of the resource-rich and economically vital
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...
. By the end of
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, wartime advancements in
marine engineering Marine engineering is the engineering of boats, ships, submarines, and any other marine vessel. Here it is also taken to include the engineering of other ocean systems and structures – referred to in certain academic and professional circ ...
and
naval architecture Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and op ...
—particularly in
submarines A submarine (often shortened to sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. (It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.) The term "submarine" is also sometimes used historically or info ...
and
aircraft An aircraft ( aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to flight, fly by gaining support from the Atmosphere of Earth, air. It counters the force of gravity by using either Buoyancy, static lift or the Lift (force), dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, i ...
—left the neutral Dutch Navy technologically behind its European counterparts. In the
interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...
, the Navy planned for a rapid modernization and studied the equipment of other nations while designing a new class of destroyers. Simultaneously, the
British Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
held a design competition for its first postwar destroyers. One of the designs, HMS ''Ambuscade'', built by
Thornycroft Thornycroft was an English vehicle manufacturer which built coaches, buses, and trucks from 1896 until 1977. History In 1896, naval engineer John Isaac Thornycroft formed the Thornycroft Steam Carriage and Van Company which built its f ...
, impressed Dutch officials. The Netherlands subsequently adopted a modified version of this design for service in the East Indies, where Japan was increasingly viewed as the most significant threat. Compared to the British design, the Dutch version was slightly slower and had a reduced range in exchange for a more powerful anti-aircraft armament and the inclusion of a reconnaissance
seaplane A seaplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft capable of takeoff, taking off and water landing, landing (alighting) on water.Gunston, "The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary", 2009. Seaplanes are usually divided into two categories based on their tech ...
. The design became known as the Admiralen-class destroyer, as every ship was named after a Dutch 17th century admiral. The eight destroyers in the class were divided into two subgroups: the first four, including ''Evertsen'', were equipped for
minelaying A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for ins ...
, while the latter four displaced slightly more and furnished with
minesweeping Minesweeping is the practice of removing explosive naval mines, usually by a specially designed ship called a minesweeper using various measures to either capture or detonate the mines, but sometimes also with an aircraft made for that purpos ...
equipment.


Characteristics

The ships' primary armament consisted of four single-mounted
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guns—two forward and two aft—with only two of the mounts protected with gun shields. Two guns mounted between the
funnels A funnel is a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for guiding liquid or powder into a small opening. Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, aluminium, glass, or plastic. The material used in its constructi ...
and four machine guns provided anti-aircraft defense. A distinctive feature of the class was a floatplane platform mounted above one of the two triple
torpedo tube A torpedo tube is a cylindrical device for launching torpedoes. There are two main types of torpedo tube: underwater tubes fitted to submarines and some surface ships, and deck-mounted units (also referred to as torpedo launchers) installed aboa ...
mounts. The aircraft, a Fokker C VII-W, was used for reconnaissance as the many islands in the Indonesian archipelago made locating enemy vessels difficult. The minelaying destroyers were long, had a beam of , had a draught of , and a
displacement Displacement may refer to: Physical sciences Mathematics and physics *Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
of . They were propelled by three Yarrow boilers that produced and a top speed of through two propellers. The ships could carry 24
mines Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging *Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging *Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine Grammar *Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun Mi ...
and were manned by a crew of 129.


Service history

She was laid down on 5 August 1925 by Burgerhout and was launched on 29 December 1926. On 12 April 1928, she was commissioned and named ''Evertsen'', after the 17th century admiral of the
same name ''Same Name'' is an American reality television series in which an average person swaps lives with a celebrity of the same first and last name. It premiered on July 24, 2011 on CBS. The series received low ratings, and CBS pulled it after four-ep ...
and the Evertsen family of naval commanders and sailors.Following the capitulation of the Netherlands to Nazi Germany in May 1940, ''Evertsen'' and her sisterships operated out of the East Indies and escorted Dutch vessels throughout the region.


Dutch East Indies Campaign

Following the
bombing of Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Empire of Japan on the United States Pacific Fleet at its naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. At the ...
and Japanese attacks on British Malaya, the
Dutch government-in-exile The Dutch government-in-exile (), also known as the London Cabinet (), was the government in exile of the Netherlands, supervised by Queen Wilhelmina, that fled to London after the German invasion of the country during World War II on 10 May 19 ...
declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941.''Evertsen'' had recently returned to service, and her crew was fresh out of training. To gain experience, she was tasked with escorting reinforcements to
Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...
for the first parts of the campaign. Over the next two months, Japan's rapid advances across Southeast Asia overwhelmed the region's Allied naval forces. In an effort to coordinate resistance, elements of the
Australian Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal Aus ...
,
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
, Dutch, and
American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, p ...
navies formed
American-British-Dutch-Australian Command The American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Command, or ABDACOM, was the short-lived supreme command for all Allied forces in South East Asia in early 1942, during the Pacific War in World War II. The command consisted of the forces of Austra ...
(ABDACOM): an
ad hoc ''Ad hoc'' is a List of Latin phrases, Latin phrase meaning literally for this. In English language, English, it typically signifies a solution designed for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a Generalization, generalized solution ...
command that brought together each nation's available ships under a (nominally) unified structure. One of ABDACOM's first steps was the formation several fleets—the Eastern, Western, and Combined Striking Force—composed of a mix of American and Dutch cruisers and destroyers. After initial delay, ''Evertsen'' was reassigned to the Western Striking Force that was in desperate need of ships.


Battle of Sunda Strait

On 28 February, the destroyer operated with the Western Striking Force as the fleet withdrew from the Indonesian Archipelago and headed to
Ceylon Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
. The commander of the force, John Collins, believed it was suicidal to remain in the region as he had little hope in resisting the Japanese. The force sailed into a storm, which resulted in ''Evertsen'' becoming separated. Without her allies, she sailed back to Tanjoeng Priok, where they started. Her crew was only partially trained, which was likely why she was ordered to evacuate instead of being transferred to the Eastern Striking Force alongside the more modern and capable warships she had just previously served with. There, she rendezvoused with cruisers HMAS ''Perth'' and USS ''Houston'', and were soon ordered to evacuate to
Tjilatjap Cilacap Regency (, also spelt: Chilachap, old spelling: Tjilatjap, Sundanese: ) is a regency () in the southwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is the town of Cilacap, which had 263,098 inhabitants in mid 2024, sprea ...
via the seemingly safe
Sunda Strait The Sunda Strait () is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java island, Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean. Etymology The strait takes its name from the Sunda Kingdom, which ruled the western portion of Ja ...
. That night, the Japanese invasion of Javathe island Tanjoeng Priok lies onwas about to occur. Despite the threat, ''Evertsen'''s boilers were offline when the two cruisers left. By the time the destroyer got underway, she was two hours behind her allies. In an attempt to hide, she traveled slowly with one boiler offline to lessen the chance that her smoke was spotted. At midnight, she was sailing in the strait when lookouts reported muzzle flashes in the distance: unknowingly, ''Perth'' and ''Houston'' had sailed into the Japanese invasion fleet. The destroyer's captain, Walburg Marius de Vries, could tell that his allies were hopelessly outnumbered as they fought more than a dozen Japanese warships. He ordered ''Evertsen'' to skirt around
Sumatra Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of islands by area, sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi. ...
and try to evade the battle and escape, believing that the destroyer would make no difference by the time she arrived.


= Destruction

= At about 2 AM, ''Perth'' and ''Houston'' were sunk and the Japanese escorts fanned out to find any other Allied ships. The slow moving ''Evertsen'' was noticed by destroyers '' Murakumo'' and '' Shirakumo,'' who used
searchlights A searchlight (or spotlight) is an apparatus that combines an extremely bright source (traditionally a carbon arc lamp) with a mirrored parabolic reflector to project a powerful beam of light of approximately parallel rays in a particular dire ...
to expose the Dutch ship and opened fire. ''Evertsen'' was unable to escape and her
fire control Fire control is the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire, reducing the area over which the fire exists, or suppressing or extinguishing the fire by depriving it of fuel, oxygen, or heat (see fire triangle). Fire prevention and control ...
was quickly destroyed as she attempted to shoot back without success. Several more shells struck her stern, which started a large fire that damage control was unable to extinguish. After a failed torpedo attack, Vries knew the fire risked detonating the aft
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and tried to save the crew. He ordered the destroyer to run aground near Seboekoe Besar and the ship to be abandoned. Once on land, the uncontrolled fire detonated the magazine in a devastating explosion that blew off the ship's stern. The remaining sailors ran inland, but were later captured. Out of her crew, 111 survived, and 57 died in either the battle or as
prisoners of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a person held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of war for a ...
.


References


External links


Netherlandsnavy
- Detailed breakdown of the equipment and specifications of ''Evertsen'' and her sister ships
NationaalarchiefArchived
- Original blueprints of the Admiralen-class {{DEFAULTSORT:Evertsen (1926) Admiralen-class destroyers Ships built in Rotterdam 1926 ships World War II destroyers of the Netherlands World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean Maritime incidents in March 1942 Naval magazine explosions