HMS Wrestler (D35)

HMS ''Wrestler'' (D35) was a built by the Royal Navy during the First World War and active from 1939 to 1944 during the Second World War. She was the first Royal Navy ship to bear that name, and the only one to do so to date.

Construction and design

On 9 December 1916, the British Admiralty placed an order for 21 large destroyers based on the V class as part of the 10th War Construction Programme, which became the Admiralty W class. This order included two destroyers, and ''Wrestler'', to be built by Swan Hunter.

''Wrestler'' was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of between and depending on load. Displacement was standard, and up to deep load. Three oil-fed Yarrow boilers raising steam at fed Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines which developed , driving two screws for a maximum designed speed of . The ship carried of oil giving a range of at .

The ship had a main gun armament of four 4-inch Mk V QF guns in single mounts on the ship's centreline. These were disposed as two forward and two aft in superimposed firing positions. A single QF 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt anti-aircraft gun was mounted aft of the second funnel. Aft of the 3-inch gun, six 21-inch torpedo tubes were carried, mounted in two triple mounts on the centreline. As built, the W-class had a complement of 134 officers and other ranks.

''Wrestler'', the first ship of that name to serve with the Royal Navy, was laid down at Swan Hunter's Wallsend shipyard during July 1917, and was launched on 25 February 1918. She was commissioned on 1 May 1918, and was completed on 15 May that year.

Modifications

By 1931, ''Wrestler'' was recorded as having her 3-inch anti aircraft gun replaced by two 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom autocannon, although one of these had been removed by 1939. While most of the class had one bank of torpedo tubes removed in 1940 to accommodate a 3-inch anti-aircraft gun, ''Wrestler'' was, at least initially, not modified. Close-range anti-aircraft armament was improved by adding a second pom-pom and two Oerlikon 20 mm cannon.

Conversion to long-range escort involved removal of a boiler, which was replaced by fuel tanks and an additional mess deck (the elderly V & Ws were overcrowded so additional accommodation was welcome). Power dropped to and speed to . The forward "A"-mount 4-inch gun was replaced by a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar, while the aft-most ("Y"-mount) 4-inch guns and the torpedo tubes were removed to allow a heavier depth-charge armament to be carried. ''Wrestler'' was also converted for arctic use, with additional ballast to counter the buildup of topweight owing to icing, and improved insulation and heating.

Service history

''Wrestler'' joined the 12th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet on commissioning. During May 1918, the battleship was in collision with ''Wrestler'', badly damaging the destroyer. ''Wrestler'' remained part of the 12th Flotilla on 11 November 1918, when the Armistice with Germany ended the fighting of the First World War.

In March 1919, in a reorganisation of the Royal Navy, ''Wrestler'' transferred to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla of what became the Atlantic Fleet, based at Rosyth. In 1919, ''Wrestler'' took part in the British campaign in the Baltic, part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. On 15 July 1919, the minesweepers and struck mines while clearing a minefield east of Saaremaa. While ''Myrtle'' sank quickly, ''Gentian'' remained afloat, and on 16 July, ''Wrestler'' arrived at the scene with the Estonian tug ''Ebba'', but the weather was too bad for towing the sloop to safety, and ''Gentian'' sank on 17 July.

In March 1920, ''Wrestler'' transferred to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla. The ship was paid off at Chatham on 1 December 1920 and recommissioned with a new crew on the same day for further service with the 1st Flotilla. In 1921, the Royal Navy's destroyer forces were again reorganised into smaller flotillas of eight destroyers and one destroyer leader, compared with the larger flotillas (of 16 destroyers) previously used, with ''Wrestler'' moving to the 5th Destroyer Flotilla. On 8 October 1921, the American steamer rammed the British passenger ship from astern in fog in the North Channel. ''Rowan''s passengers were mustered on deck. The British steamer then rammed ''Rowan'' from starboard and cut her in two. ''Rowan'' sank with the loss of 22 of the 97 people on board. ''Wrestler'' joined ''Clan Malcolm'' and ''West Camak'' in rescuing survivors from ''Rowan''.

''Wrestler'' was reduced to reserve at the Nore in January 1922, but in May that year was recommissioned to serve as tender to the torpedo school at Portsmouth. On 27 June 1927, ''Wrestler'' formed part of the escort for the battlecruiser , carrying the Duke and Duchess of York into Portsmouth at the end of their tour of Australia and New Zealand. On 24 January 1928, ''Wrestler'', together with the destroyer , escorted the minesweeper as she carried the body of Admiral of the Fleet John de Robeck from Portsmouth to the Isle of Wight. ''Wrestler'' was refitted at Chatham from 30 April to 2 December 1930, with her boiler tubes being replaced. On 15–17 July 1935, ''Wrestler'' took part in King George V's Silver Jubilee Fleet Review, escorting the Royal yacht . In September 1935, ''Wrestler'' joined the 21st Destroyer Flotilla, which had been formed from ships in reserve and second line duties as temporary replacement for Home Fleet destroyer flotillas sent to the Mediterranean Sea because of the Abyssinia Crisis. On 13 October 1935, ''Wrestler'' went to the aid of the Norwegian tanker ''Barfonn'', which had been damaged by an explosion in one of her oil tanks, which killed three, when off Portland Bill. ''Wrestler'' was returned to reserve in February 1936 before being refitted at Portsmouth and rejoining ''Vernon'' in November that year. She continued to serve at ''Vernon'' until March 1939.

''Wrestler'' was one of 36 V and W-class destroyers that were listed as being earmarked for conversion to WAIR-type anti-aircraft escort destroyers in 1938, and in May 1939, was sent to Malta for survey prior to conversion. On 15 August 1938, the unconverted ''Wrestler'' was reduced to reserve at Gibraltar.

Second World War

''Wrestler'' was recommissioned at Gibraltar on 28 August 1939, joining the 13th Destroyer Flotilla, with duties including convoy escort in the Atlantic in the early stages of the Battle of the Atlantic. In December 1939, ''Wrestler'' entered a refit at Malta, which continued until March, having her boiler tubes replaced. In April 1940, ''Wrestler'' returned to Britain, where she was fitted with a Degaussing coil and at the start of May 1940, returned to Gibraltar as escort to the battleship .

On 3 July 1940 ''Wrestler'' she was present at the British attack on the Vichy French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria, where she was assigned to watch the nearby port of Oran. The British bombardment sank the battleship and damaged the battleships and , but the managed to avoid damage and escaped the harbour, firing on ''Wrestler'' as the battleship left Mers-el-Kébir, forcing ''Wrestler'' to withdraw behind a smokescreen. ''Wrestler'' later picked up the crews of two British aircraft that were shot down while unsuccessfully attacking ''Strasbourg''.

On 8 July, ''Wrestler'' sailed with Force H on a diversion for operations of the Mediterranean Fleet to cover the passage from Malta to Alexandria of two convoys. As part of this diversion, aircraft from the carrier would attack Cagliari in Sicily. The attack on Cagliari was abandoned after Force H came under heavy air attack on 9 July, while the Mediterranean Fleet operations resulted in the Battle of Calabria. On 31 July, ''Wrestler'' left Gibraltar as part of Force H for Operation Hurry, in which ''Ark Royal'', escorted by most of Force H, including ''Wrestler'' would launch an air attack against Cagliari, while the carrier would fly off 12 Hawker Hurricane fighters to Malta. This time ''Ark Royal''s Swordfish bombers successfully attacked Cagliari, while ''Argus''s Hurricanes reached Malta safely and Force H returned to Gibraltar unharmed. On 18 October 1940, ''Wrestler'', together with the destroyer and two Saro London flying boats of No. 202 Squadron RAF, 202 Squadron RAF attacked and sank the Italian east of Gibraltar. Before ''Durbo'' sank, a boarding party from the two destroyers seized code books and documents that led to the being sunk by the destroyers , and on 20 October.

From 5–8 May 1941, ''Wrestler'' took part in Malta convoys#May 1941, Operation Tiger, in which a convoy carrying much needed tanks and aircraft for the Eighth Army (United Kingdom), Eighth Army in the Western Desert (Egypt), Western Desert was run through the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Alexandria, with Force H escorting the convoy to near Malta. ''Wrestler'' remained based at Gibraltar until June 1941, when she transferred to Freetown, joining the 18th Destroyer Flotilla for convoy operations off West Africa. In November 1941, ''Wrestler'' returned to Gibraltar for refit and repair to her Surface condenser, condensers, with the works continuing until March 1942. ''Wrestler'' was adopted by Hyde, Greater Manchester, Hyde in December 1941 after a successful "Warship Week" National Savings campaign.

''Wrestler'' returned to Force H based at Gibraltar, with duties including escorting so called Club Runs, aircraft delivery operations to Malta, and Malta Convoys. On 2 May 1942, a flying boat of 202 Squadron RAF attacked a surfaced German submarine near Cartagena, Spain, Cartagena. The flying boat remained above the site of the attack and summoned ''Wrestler'' and the destroyer , which made contact with the German submarine and sank the submarine in a series of depth-charge attacks. From 7 to 10 May 1942, ''Wrestler'' took part on Operation Bowery, forming part of the escort for the carriers and as they flew off 64 Supermarine Spitfire, Spitfire fighters to Malta (61 arrived). From 17 to 20 May, ''Wrestler'' took part in another Club Run, when ''Eagle'' and ''Argus'' flew off 17 Spitfires, on 2–4 June 1942, when ''Eagle'' despatched 31 Spitfires, and on 7–9 June, when ''Eagle'' flew off 32 Spitfires. From 12 June 1942, ''Wrestler'' took part in Operation Harpoon (1942), Operation Harpoon, an attempt to run a convoy from Gibraltar to Malta, at the same time as another convoy (Operation Vigorous) would be run from Egypt to Malta, in order to divide opposing forces. ''Wrestler'' formed part of the covering force (Force W) that escorted the convoy as far as the Sicilian Narrows on 15 June. On 10–15 August 1942, ''Wrestler'' helped to escort the carrier as she carried out a Club Run, despatching 37 Spitfires to Malta at the same time as the Operation Pedestal convoy to Malta took place.

In November 1942, the British and Americans launched Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa. On 21 October 1942, ''Wrestler'' left Britain as part of the escort to Convoy KX4A to Gibraltar, carrying troops and equipment for the invasion, and then formed part of the Eastern Naval Task Force bound for Algiers, left Gibraltar escorting Convoy KMS1 on 5 November with the landings taking place on 8 November. She then took part in the landings at Bougie (now Béjaïa), Algeria, on 11 November. On 15 November 1942 ''Wrestler'' was escorting the convoy MKF1, returning from the Mediterranean to the United Kingdom, and was about west of Gibraltar, when her radar detected a surfaced submarine and ran ahead of the convoy to engage the submarine. The submarine dived as ''Wrestler'' approached, and ''Wrestler'' dropped a pattern of depth charges that sank . The encounter caused the convoy to change course, however, which took in into the path of , which sank the escort carrier and the troop transport ''Ettrick''.

From December 1942 to May 1943, ''Wrestler'' was refitted and modified to a Long Range Escort at Sheerness Dockyard, joining Western Approaches Command after completion of her reconstruction. In July 1943, ''Wrestler'' took part in Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, escorting a convoy from Britain to the invasion area. She then returned to Atlantic and Russian convoy duties, forming part of the 3rd Escort Group in September 1943. From late September to early August 1943, ''Wrestler'', now part of the 8th Support Group, escorted convoys to the Azores to help set up airbases for use by the RAF under the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance.

On 20 December 1943, the Arctic convoy Convoy JW 55B, JW 55B left Loch Ewe in Scotland, with ''Wrestler'' part of the convoy's close ocean escort, which consisted of 10 destroyers, two corvettes and a minesweeper, with a covering force of three cruisers and distant cover provided by the battleship , another cruiser and four destroyers. The escort was reinforced with four destroyers detached from Convoy RA 55A on 25 December. When the convoy was threatened by German surface forces led by the , ''Wrestler'' remained with the convoy, while the four destroyers from RA 55 were detached to join the cruiser force. On 26 December, the covering forces clashed with ''Scharnhorst'' in the Battle of the North Cape, which ended with the German battleship being sunk. The convoy reached the Kola Inlet on 30 December, unharmed. ''Wrestler'' sailed with the return convoy Convoy RA 55B, RA 55B, which left the Kola Inlet on 31 December 1943 and arrived, unharmed, back at Loch Ewe, on 8 January 1944. On 22 January 1944, ''Wrestler'' sailed as part of the local escort for Convoy JW 56B, which was relieved by the ocean escort on 26 January. On 27 March 1944, ''Wrestler'' joined the ocean escort of Convoy JW 58, continuing with the convoy until it arrived in Russia on 4 April. While the convoy came under heavy U-boat attack, the attacking submarines were driven off, with the convoy unscathed and three U-boats sunk. ''Wrestler'' escorted the return convoy, RA 58, which arrived in Scotland unharmed on 14 April. There was a large number of Allied merchant ships remaining at Russian arctic ports after the convoys of early 1944, and while the upcoming invasion of France meant that convoys to Russia would be suspended for several month, it was decided to run a convoy to escort these ships back to Britain, and ''Wrestler'' was part of an escort force that arrived at the Kola Inlet on 23 April 1944. As well as the 43 merchant ships that made up Convoy RA 59 when it left Kola on 28 April, the US Navy crew of the cruiser , which had been transferred to the Soviet Navy under Lend-Lease, and Soviet crews for British ships that were to be transferred to the Soviets also needed to be transported by Britain, and they were spread between the ships of the convoy and its escort, with ''Wrestler'' carrying 14 US Navy personnel. The convoy experienced extremely poor weather, and came under U-boat attack, which resulted in one merchant ship, the being sunk, while the convoy's escorts sank three U-boats.

June 1944 bought Operation Neptune (the naval side of Normandy Landings, D-Day). ''Wrestler'' left the Solent on 5 June 1944, escorting (together with two Motor launch (naval), Motor Launches) Assault Convoy J7 (consisting of 15 Landing craft tank#Mark 4, LCT(4) landing craft carrying self-propelled artillery, 4 rocket-equipped Landing Craft Tank (Rocket), LCT(R) to provide fire support for the landings and two Landing Craft Support, LCS support landing craft, to Juno Beach. ''Wrestler'' spent much of the night of 5/6 June shepherding stray craft back into the swept channels, but at 06:37 hr on the morning of 6 June 1944, struck a mine while about a Cable length (approx 185 m) east of the swept channel. The explosion killed two men and wounded several more, with a fire breaking out and flooding occurring. The fire was extinguished and the flooding controlled, with the ship being taken under tow at 08:45 hr, arriving at Portsmouth at 23:50 hr. On examination, the damage was found to be severe and not worth repairing, and ''Wrestler'' was declared a constructive total loss. She was allocated to the Ship breaking, ship breaker John Cashmore Ltd on 20 July 1944 and was scrapped at their Newport, Wales yard from 9 August 1944.

Battle honours

References:
* Mediterranean 1940–42
* Atlantic 1940–43
* Malta Convoys 1942
* North Africa 1943
* Sicily 1943
* Arctic 1943–44
* Normandy 1944
* English Channel 1944

See also

* Gerard Mansfield, Vice-Admiral Sir Gerard "Ged" Mansfield who served on the ship during the Second World War.

Notes

References

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Further reading

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External links

Service Histories of Royal Navy warships in World War II : HMS ''Wrestler''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wrestler
V and W-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
1918 ships
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in June 1944
Ships built by Swan Hunter