HMS President (1878)

HMS ''Gannet'' is a Royal Navy screw sloop-of-war launched on 31 August 1878. It became a training ship in the Thames in 1903, and was then loaned as a training ship for boys in the Hamble from 1913. It was restored in 1987 and is now part of the UK's National Historic Fleet.

Design

The ''Doterel'' class were a development of the ''Osprey''-class sloops and were of composite construction, with wooden hulls over an iron frame. The original 1874 design by the Chief Constructor, William Henry White was revised in 1877 by Sir Nathaniel Barnaby and nine were ordered. Of 1,130 tons displacement and approximately 1,100 indicated horsepower, they were armed with two 7" muzzle-loading rifled guns on pivoting mounts, and four 64-pound guns (two on pivoting mounts, and two broadside). They had a crew of around 140 men.

Construction

''Gannet'' was laid down at Sheerness Royal Dockyard in 1877 and launched on 31 August 1878. She was commissioned on 17 April 1879, and was classified as both a sloop of war and a colonial cruiser. She was capable of nearly 12 knots under full steam or 15 knots under sail.

History

The primary purpose of ships of the ''Gannet's'' class was to maintain British naval dominance through trade protection, anti-slavery, and long term surveying.

Shadowing the War of the Pacific

''Gannet'' served her first commission from 17 April 1879 to 20 July 1883 on the Pacific Station under Admiral Rous de Horsey. She sailed from Portsmouth, across the Atlantic and via Cape Horn to the port of Panama City on the Pacific coast of Central America. She spent much time shadowing the events of the War of the Pacific before embarking on a patrol around the Pacific. She returned to Sheerness to pay off in July 1883,Preston (2007), p.200. and underwent a two-year refit.

The Mediterranean and the Mahdist War

''Gannet'' recommissioned at Sheerness on 3 September 1885 and sailed to join the Mediterranean Fleet. She was initially used to support the forces of Major-General Sir Gerald Graham during the first Suakin Expedition in the Sudan. Anti-slavery patrols took her into the Red Sea, searching suspicious ships. On 11 September 1888, she was recalled from a mid-commission refit at Malta and ordered to relieve at the besieged port of Suakin, Sudan. On 17 September she engaged anti-Anglo-Egyptian forces led by Osman Digna for nearly a month, firing 200 main armament shells and nearly 1,200 Nordenfelt rounds. ''Gannet'' was relieved by on 15 October and paid off at Malta on 1 November 1888.

Survey in the Mediterranean

''Gannet'' recommissioned almost immediately on 10 November 1888 and was assigned to perform surveying work throughout the Mediterranean. She paid off from her third commission in December 1891.

Final commission

She recommissioned on 26 January 1892 and spent three years conducting survey work in both the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. She returned to Chatham and decommissioned on 16 March 1895.

Harbour service

After four months out of commission, in December 1895, ''Gannet'' was transferred to harbour service in Chatham where she remained until 1900, when she was placed on the list of non-effective vessels. In the autumn of 1900, ''Gannet'' was leased to the South Eastern & Chatham Railway Company as an accommodation hulk at Port Victoria railway station on the Isle of Grain.

Training ship ''President''

In 1903 ''Gannet'' was ordered to relieve the original HMS ''President'' of 1829, which had served as the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve drill ship in London Docks since 1862, and underwent major alterations to convert her into a drill ship. Renamed HMS ''President'', she took up her new duties as the headquarters ship of the London Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in the South West India Docks in June 1903. In 1909 the ship was renamed ''President II'' and in the spring of 1911, was relieved by HMS ''Buzzard'', again placed on the list of non-effective vessels.

Dormitory ship on the Hamble

In 1913 ''Gannet'' was loaned to C. B. Fry, and was stationed in the River Hamble, and became a dormitory ship for the Training Ship ''Mercury'' (where she retained her name ''President''). The school took young boys who otherwise might not have many options in life, and trained them to join the Royal Navy. The ship served in this capacity until 1968 when the school was closed.

Preservation

Back in Royal Navy stewardship, the ship was turned over to the Maritime Trust so that she could be restored. In 1987 the Chatham Historic Dockyard chartered ''Gannet'' from the Maritime Trust and started a restoration programme to return the ship to its 1888 appearance — the only time she saw naval combat. In 1994 ownership of the vessel was passed to the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust, where, listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, she remains on display as a museum ship.

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Gordon Brown, on his first visit to US President Barack Obama at the White House in Washington, D.C. in March 2009, gave the new American President a gift of a pen holder made from the wood of ''Gannet'', reflecting her role in Victorian anti-slavery efforts. This gift was reciprocated with a collection of 25 DVDs of classic American "Hollywood" films."Should Michelle Cover Up?"
by Maureen Dowd, ''The New York Times'', 7 March 2009 (in print on 3/8/09, p. WK10 of the NY edition). Retrieved 3/8/09.

Citations

References

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External links

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Historic Dockyard, ChathamHMS Gannet - National Historic Ships UKTraining Ship ''Mercury'', Hamble

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gannet (1878), HMS
Doterel-class sloops
Ships built in Sheerness
1878 ships
Victorian-era sloops of the United Kingdom
Survey vessels of the Royal Navy
Training ships of the Royal Navy
Museum ships in the United Kingdom
Ships and vessels of the National Historic Fleet