HMS Leander (1813)

HMS ''Leander'' was a 50-gun spar-decked frigate (rated in the fourth rate) of the Royal Navy which saw service in the Napoleonic Wars, the War of 1812, and the Second Barbary War.

''Leander'' and her near sister were a new type of ship in the Royal Navy, being exceptionally large and powerful frigates. They were ordered in response to the threat posed by the heavy American spar-decked frigates, during the War of 1812. ''Leander'' proved a successful ship, which operated in squadrons which chased the American frigates, but ultimately failed to catch them before the war ended. Refitted to serve as flagships for admirals on foreign stations, ''Leander'' saw action with Admiral Edward Pellew's fleet at the bombardment of Algiers in 1816, firing over 3,000 round shot and sustaining severe casualties. She spent some time as the flagship on the North American Station, followed by in the East Indies, before returning to Britain in 1822 and being laid up the following year as a receiving ship. She spent the rest of her career in this role, until being broken up in 1830.

Construction and commissioning

HMS ''Leander'' was ordered from the Blackwall-based firm of Wigram, Wells & Green on 6 May 1813. She was laid down in June 1813 and built of pitch pine to a design by William Rule. Built of softwood to get her into service as quickly as possible, ''Leander'' was launched on 10 November 1813, less than five months after laying down. She was moved to Woolwich Dockyard and completed there by 18 February 1814. The construction of fourth rates, a type that had fallen out of favour prior to the French Revolutionary Wars, was a response to the American spar-decked frigates, like . A spar-decked frigate was one with a continuous row of cannon on the uppermost deck, conventional frigates had an open waist amidships where no guns were mounted. Ordered alongside ''Leander'' was the similar 50-gun .

''Leander'' was a spar-deck frigate, designed to carry thirty 24-pounder guns on her main deck, and twenty-six 42-pounder carronades on her spar deck, with four 24-pounders on her forecastle. This nominal armament was slightly altered during her 1813–18 commission, when two extra 24-pounders replaced two of the carronades on the spar deck. Unusually, the ship was designed with her upper gun ports directly above the lower, instead of offset. She was reported to be fast, exceeding 13 knots, but had a reputation for heavy and violent movements, probably due to poor stowage; this was fixed in her 1820 commission. In 1815, after the War of 1812 and Napoleonic Wars, ''Newcastle'' and ''Leander'' were fitted with accommodation for a flag officer with a poop deck built over the quarterdeck, and were mostly used as flagships on foreign stations, replacing older 50-gun ships that had previously filled this role. Both ships were re-rated as 60-gun fourth rates in February 1817.

''Leander'' was commissioned under her first commander, Captain George Collier, in December 1813. Collier had commissioned ''Newcastle'' the previous month, but then moved to ''Leander''.

Service off America

''Leander'' went out to North America under Collier's command, and formed part of a powerful squadron assigned to deal with the American super-frigates. Collier had previously served with distinction off the Spanish coast during the Peninsular War, and the highly sought-after posting reflected the Admiralty's approval of these efforts. He captured the on 22 June 1814. Collier sought battle with the , but the American ship escaped from Boston and evaded him. He gathered a squadron consisting of the ''Leander'', ''Newcastle'' and the 40-gun , and set off in pursuit. He almost caught up with the ''Constitution'' off St Jago, but was unable to close on her due to the weather. The ''Constitution'' was at the time sailing with two captured British prizes, the former and . Collier's three ships gave chase and were overhauling the ''Constitution'', when, having allowed the ''Cyane'' to escape, the ''Levant'' broke away and Collier followed her. In doing so he retook the ''Levant'', but allowed ''Constitution'' to escape. Collier continued to cruise in the area, but before he had another opportunity to pursue the ''Constitution'', news reached him that the Treaty of Ghent had been signed and that the war was over.

''Leander'' recaptured the British merchant vessel ''John'' on 4 January 1815, just before the end of the war.

Later service

''Leander''s next commander, from August 1815, was Captain William Skipsey. She underwent a repair and refit at Woolwich between August 1815 and February 1816, after which she went out to the Mediterranean under Captain Edward Chetham. She was active in the Second Barbary War, as part of the British fleet under Admiral Edward Pellew. She took part in the bombardment of Algiers on 27 August 1816, firing 3,680 round shot and sustaining casualties of 17 men killed and 118 wounded.

''Leander'' then became the flagship of the commander of the North American Station, Rear-Admiral Sir David Milne in 1817, and was based at Halifax. She was repaired at Portsmouth between July and November 1819, and recommissioned that year under Captain Charles Richardson. Richardson took her out to the East Indies as the flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood. ''Leander'' came briefly under the temporary command of Captain Price Blackwood between February and May 1822, and returned to England later that year. HMS ''Leander'' spent her final years as a receiving ship at Portsmouth between 1823 and 1830, and was broken up there in March 1830.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Leander, Hms (1813)
1813 ships
Barbary Wars ships
Frigates of the Royal Navy
Ships built by the Blackwall Yard
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom