HMS Hero (H99)

HMS ''Hero'' was an H-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1930s. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 the ship enforced the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides as part of the Mediterranean Fleet. During the first few months of World War II, ''Hero'' searched for German commerce raiders in the Atlantic Ocean and took part in the Second Battle of Narvik during the Norwegian Campaign of April–June 1940 before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in May where she escorted a number of convoys to Malta. The ship took part in the Battle of Cape Spada in July 1940, Operation Abstention in February 1941, and the evacuations of Greece and Crete in April–May 1941.

The ship covered an amphibious landing during the Syria–Lebanon Campaign of June 1941 and began escorting supply convoys in June to Tobruk, Libya shortly afterwards. She was damaged by German dive bombers while rescuing survivors from the minelayer in October 1941 and resumed escorting convoys to Malta. ''Hero'' took part in the Second Battle of Sirte in March 1942 and in Operation Vigorous in June. She sank two German submarines whilst stationed in the Mediterranean in 1942, and was transferred back home late in the year to begin converting to an escort destroyer. The ship was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in 1943 and renamed HMCS ''Chaudière''. She became part of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force in early 1944 until her transfer back to British coastal waters in May to protect the build-up for Operation Overlord. Together with other ships, she sank three more German submarines during the year. ''Chaudière'' was refitting when the war ended in May 1945 and was in poor shape. The ship was Ship decommissioning, paid off in August and later sold for ship breaking, scrap. The process of breaking her up, however, was not completed until 1950.

Description and construction

''Hero'' displaced at Displacement (ship), standard load and at deep load. The ship had an length overall, overall length of , a beam (nautical), beam of and a draft (hull), draught of . She was powered by Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company, Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. ''Hero'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at . The ship's complement was 137 officers and men in peacetime,Whitley, p. 109 but this increased to 146 in wartime. In Canadian service, the crew numbered 10 officers and 171 men.

The ship mounted four 4.7 inch QF Mark XII, 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. For Anti-aircraft warfare, anti-aircraft (AA) defence, ''Hero'' had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the Vickers .50 machine gun, 0.5 inch Vickers Mk III machine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for British 21 inch torpedo, 21-inch torpedoes. One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began. By mid-1940, this had increased to 44 depth charges.

Ordered on 13 December 1934 from Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company, ''Hero'' was subcontracted to Vickers-Armstrongs and laid down by their Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne, High Walker Yard at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, on 28 February 1935. She was launched on 10 March 1936 and completed on 21 October 1936. Excluding government-furnished equipment like the armament, the ship cost £249,858.

Wartime modifications

Most ships of ''Hero''s class had the rear torpedo tubes replaced by a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun, 12-pounder AA gun after the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940, but it is not clear if she underwent this refurbishment as she was deployed in the Mediterranean until 1943. Other changes made before her conversion to an escort destroyer in 1943 probably included exchanging her two quadruple .50-calibre Vickers machine guns mounted between her funnels for two Oerlikon 20 mm AA guns, the addition of two Oerlikon guns to her searchlight platform and another pair on the wings of the ship's bridge (nautical), bridge. The ship's List of British ordnance terms#DCT, director-control tower and Rangefinding telemeter, rangefinder above the bridge (nautical), bridge were most likely removed in exchange for a Type 271 radar, Type 271 target indication radar during the conversion, as was the replacement of 'B' gun by a Hedgehog (weapon), Hedgehog anti-submarine spigot mortar, and the addition of a List of World War II British naval radar#Type 286, Type 286 short-range surface search radar. Two QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss, QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss guns were fitted on the wings of her bridge to deal with U-boats at short ranges. The ship also received a HF/DF radio direction finder mounted on a pole mainmast. 'Y' gun was also removed to allow her depth charge stowage to be increased. Late in the war, her Type 286 was replaced by a Type 291 radar.

Career

''Hero'' was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet upon commissioning. She patrolled Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War enforcing the policies of the Non-Intervention Committee. ''Hero'' received a refit in June–July 1939 in the UK and rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet upon its completion. The ship remained in the Mediterranean until 5 October when she was transferred to Freetown, Sierra Leone to search for German commerce raiders. ''Hero'' returned to the UK in January 1940 and received a refit at HMNB Portsmouth, Portsmouth from 15 February to 16 March. In the meantime, the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla had been assigned to Home Fleet and the ship rejoined them when her refit was finished.

On 5 April ''Hero'' escorted the battlecruiser as she covered the minelayers preparing to implement Operation Wilfred, an operation to lay mines in the Vestfjorden (Norway), Vestfjord to prevent the transport of Swedish iron ore from Narvik to Germany. The ship and her sister ship pretended to lay a minefield off Bud, Norway on 8 April and reported its location to the Norwegians. ''Hero'' and the destroyer streamed their TSDS Naval mine#Mine sweeping, minesweeping gear in advance of the battleship and her escort as they steamed up the Vestfjorden (Norway), Vestfjord to engage the remaining German destroyers at Narvik on 13 April. The ship and four other British destroyers pursued the remaining German ships into the Rombaksfjorden (the easternmost branch of the Ofotfjord), east of Narvik, where the lack of ammunition had forced the German ships to retreat. Most of the German destroyers had scuttling, scuttled and Beach (nautical), beached themselves at the head of the fjord, but the scuttling charges on had failed to detonate properly and she was boarded by a small party from ''Hero''. They found nothing of any significance as she'd been abandoned by her crew and the destroyer put a torpedo into her to prevent any marine salvage, salvage.

''Hero'' was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet on 17 May as part of the reconstituted 2nd Destroyer Flotilla. During the Battle of Cape Spada on 19 July, the ship escorted Australian light cruiser and rescued some of the 525 survivors from the together with the other escorting destroyers.English, p. 108 ''Hero'', together with her sister, , and the destroyers and , were ordered to Gibraltar on 22 August where they were to join Force H. ''Hostile'' struck a mine en route on the early morning of 23 August off Cap Bon that broke her back. The explosion killed five men and wounded three others. ''Mohawk'' took off the survivors while ''Hero'' fired two torpedoes to scuttle her. The ship took part in Malta Convoys#September 1940 – Operation Hats, Operation Hats in September, before refitting in Malta during November. She sortied into the North Atlantic when Convoy WS-5A reported that it had been attacked by the on 25 December to round up the scattered ships.

On 1 January 1941, ''Hero'' was one of the ships that intercepted a Vichy French convoy off Mellila and seized all four merchant ships of the convoy. The ship took part in Operation Excess early in January 1941 and was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet. On 27 February, she evacuated a few surviving commandos from the island of Kastelorizo who had attacked the island in Operation Abstention. In mid-April she escorted the fast transport and three battleships from Alexandria to Malta before going on to escort the battleships as they bombarded Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli on 20 April. After refueling in Alexandria on 23 April, ''Hero'' took part in Operation Demon, Battle of Greece#Evacuation of Commonwealth forces, evacuating British and Australian troops from Greece. On 27 April ''Hero'' towed the Dutch Troopship, troop ship , which had been damaged by a German air attack. When it was clear that the troop ship could not be saved from sinking, ''Hero'', her sister , the destroyer and cruiser rescued all of ''Costa Rica''s crew and all 2,600 troops. During the Battle of Crete, evacuation of Crete, ''Hero'' and the destroyer evacuated the George II of Greece, King of Greece and his entourage on the night of 22/23 May.

''Hero'' escorted the Landing Ship, Infantry, LSI(L) as she conducted an amphibious landing in early June 1941 on the Lebanese coast during the opening stages of the Operation Exporter. She spent most of the rest of the year escorting convoys to Tobruk. Together with her sister and the destroyer , the ship escorted on 25 October whilst en route to Tobruk.UK Admiralty Historical Section, p. 184 They were attacked by Junkers Ju 87 ''Stuka'' dive bombers of I./StG 1 that hit ''Latona'' and set her afire. ''Hero'' and ''Encounter'' came alongside and rescued the crew and passengers before ''Latona''s magazine (artillery), magazine exploded, but ''Hero'' was damaged by three near misses whilst alongside. The ship returned to Alexandria for repairs and escorted a convoy to Malta in January 1942. She took part in the 2nd Battle of Sirte on 22 March whilst escorting a convoy to Malta. Together with the s and on 29 May, she sank the north-east of Tobruk, at , and rescued 42 survivors.English, p. 109

During Operation Vigorous in June, ''Hero'' formed part of the escort for the covering force of the Mediterranean Fleet for the Malta-bound convoy. At time the ship still had not been fitted for radar. After Panzer Army Africa occupied Mersa Matruh in late June, the Admiralty ordered the submarine tenders and the Greek transferred to Haifa, but ''Medway'' was torpedoed and sunk en route despite the strong escort. ''Hero'' and the destroyer rescued 1105 survivors between them. On 17 August, the ship rescued some 1,100 survivors of the torpedoed troopship . In conjunction with four other destroyers and a Vickers Wellesley, Wellesley light bomber of the Royal Air Force, ''Hero'' sank north-east of Port Said on 30 October. The ship was ordered back to the United Kingdom, via the Cape of Good Hope, to be converted to an escort destroyer late in the year.

Transfer to the Royal Canadian Navy

Her conversion at Portsmouth lasted from April to November 1943 and ''Hero'' was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy as a gift on 15 November 1943 and renamed HMCS ''Chaudière''. After Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)#working up, working up, the ship was assigned to the Escort Group (naval), Escort Group C2 in February 1944, based in Derry. On 6 March 1944, whilst defending Convoy HX 228 west of Ireland, the escorts forced to the surface where she surrendered after a 32-hour hunt. The submarine could not be towed to port and was torpedoed by the British destroyer . The ship was reassigned to the 11th Escort Group in May 1944 in preparation for Operation Overlord. The group was tasked to protect Allied shipping in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay and, together with the destroyers and , the ship sank in the Bay of Biscay near La Rochelle on 18 August. Two days later, the same ships sank in the Bay of Biscay west of Brest, France, Brest. In November, ''Chaudière'' was sent to Sydney, Nova Scotia for a refit.

The refit did not begin until late January 1945 and was still in progress when the war ended in May. She was found to be in the worst shape of any Canadian destroyer when inspected and was declared surplus to requirements on 13 June. She was paid off on 17 August 1945 and later sold for scrap to the Dominion Steel Company. Her demolition, however, was not completed until 1950.

Poetry

The ship's completion on Tyneside in 1936 inspired the poet Michael Roberts (writer), Michael Roberts to write a poem entitled ''"H.M.S. Hero"''. The poem of twelve lines in three stanzas, begins; ''"Pale grey, her guns hooded, decks clear of all impediment, / Easily, between the swart tugs, she glides in the pale October sunshine..."''.

Footnotes

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External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hero (H99)
G and H-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
Ships built on the River Tyne
1936 ships
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
Canadian River-class destroyers
Canadian River-class destroyers converted from G and H-class destroyers
Ships built by Vickers Armstrong