HMS Berwick (65)

HMS ''Berwick'', pennant number 65, was a heavy cruiser of the British Royal Navy, part of the ''Kent'' subclass. She was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan, Scotland, with the keel being laid down on 15 September 1924. She was launched on 30 March 1926 and commissioned 12 July 1927. When completed, ''Berwick'' was sent to the China Station, where she remained until a temporary detachment to the Mediterranean in 1936. Along with the rest of her ''Kent'' class sub-group of ships, ''Berwick'' underwent reconstruction between 1937 and 1938, where her single 4-inch guns were replaced with double mounts, numerous light machine guns were added, along with a significant addition of note; a cemented thick and deep armoured belt was added to both sides of her hull beginning at the armoured deck down past her water line.

History

After these modifications, she completed her sea trials and then proceeded west, to serve on the North America and West Indies Station with the 8th Cruiser Squadron, arriving on 18 January 1939. Once there, she replaced as station flagship. When the Second World War started, she served on ocean convoy escort duties, then formed part of Force "F", with ''York'', when hunting groups were created to find German raiders. She did not make contact with any raider, but did intercept the mercantile blockade runners ''Wolfsburg'' and ''Uruguay'' in the Denmark Straits during March 1940.

On 9 April 1940 she participated in the Norwegian Campaign and on 10 May 1940 in the Invasion of Iceland. She was then allocated to Force "H" at Gibraltar arriving on 7 November. On 27 November, while taking part of Operation Collar, ''Berwick'' was hit by a single 203 mm (8 in) shell from an Italian heavy cruiser, either or , which knocked out her "Y" turret and killed seven men. A second round that struck her some minutes later destroyed the aft electric switchboard, leaving the cruiser's aft section without power. Some sources credit the second hit to an Italian , either lead ship ''Trento'' or her sister-ship ''Trieste'', the only Italian Royal Navy heavy cruisers within range at the time of the strikes.

On 25 December 1940, ''Berwick'' engaged the German heavy cruiser off the Canaries when she formed part of the escort to convoy WS-5A, a troop convoy to the Middle East. Despite being thoroughly ready for combat, ''Berwick'' got the worst of the encounter. She scored no hits on ''Admiral Hipper'', and sustained a fair amount of damage, being hit by several 8-inch (which for the most part passed right through the ship) and 4.1-inch shells. The action did however, drive off ''Admiral Hipper'', and saved the convoy from any losses. Four of her complement were killed and she had to return to Britain for repairs, which lasted until June 1941.

When repaired ''Berwick'' joined the Home Fleet and for the remainder of her wartime career she was escorting convoys to North Russia and operating in the northern North Sea, where she served under the captaincy of Norman Vere Grace from January to August 1944. In late October 1944 the ship carried Free Norwegian Forces from Britain to Murmansk, so that they could participate in the Liberation of Finnmark.Simon Orchard, "THE EVACUATION OF FINNMARK & THE RE-ENTRY OF NORWEGIAN FORCES INTO NORWAY, OCT 1944-MAY 1945.

/ref> She escorted two carrier raids against the in 1944 and again in 1945. ''Berwick''s last role was to escort carriers that were raiding the Norwegian coast in 1945.

After the war she was allocated to British Iron & Steel Corporation, BISCO for scrapping on 15 June 1948 and arrived at Hughes Bolckow, Blyth, on 12 July for breaking up.

Citations

References

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External links

HMS Berwick at U-boat.net

{{DEFAULTSORT:Berwick (65)
Kent-class cruisers
County-class cruisers of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Govan
1926 ships
World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom