HMS Berwick (1902)

HMS ''Berwick'' was one of 10 armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion in 1903 and was transferred to the Home Fleet in 1906. She accidentally rammed and sank a British destroyer in 1908. ''Berwick'' was refitted in 1908–09 before she was transferred to the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station later that year.

She captured a German merchant ship shortly after World War I began. The ship patrolled for German commerce raiders and escorted convoys for the war. ''Berwick'' was assigned to the 8th Light Cruiser Squadron in 1919 before she was paid off and sold for scrap in 1920.

Design and description

The ''Monmouth''s were intended to protect British merchant shipping from fast cruisers like the French , or the . The ships were designed to displace . They had an overall length of , a beam of and a deep draught of . They were powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft using steam provided by 31 Belleville boilers. The engines produced a total of which was designed to give the ships a maximum speed of .Roberts, p. 70 The ship carried a maximum of of coal and her complement consisted of 678 officers and ratings.Friedman 2012, p. 336

The ''Monmouth''-class ships' main armament consisted of fourteen breech-loading (BL) BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun, Mk VII guns. Four of these guns were mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and the others were positioned in Casemate#Single casemates (1889 onwards), casemates amidships. Six of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather. Ten quick-firing gun, quick-firing (QF) QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun, 12-pounder () 12-cwt guns"Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun. were fitted for defence against torpedo boats. ''Berwick'' also carried three QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss, 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged British 18 inch torpedo, 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.

Beginning in 1915, the main deck six-inch guns of the ''Monmouth''-class ships were moved to the upper deck and given gun shields. Their casemates were plated over to improve seakeeping. The twelve-pounder guns displaced by the transfer were repositioned elsewhere. At some point in the war, a pair of three-pounder anti-aircraft guns were installed on the upper deck, although ''Berwick'' had hers removed before the end of the war.

The ship's waterline Belt armor, armour belt was thick amidships and forward. The armour of the gun turrets, their barbettes and the casemates was four inches thick. The protective deck (ship), deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

Construction and service

''Berwick'', named for the Berwickshire, Scottish county,Silverstone, p. 217 was Keel laying, laid down by William Beardmore and Company, Beardmore at their shipyard in Dalmuir on 19 April 1901 and Ship naming and launching, launched on 20 September 1902 when she was named by Houstoun-Boswall baronets, Lady Houstoun-Boswall. She was completed on 9 December 1903 and was initially assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet. She was transferred to the Home Fleet in March 1906. On 2 April 1908, she accidentally collided with the destroyer when the destroyer crossed ''Berwick''s Bow (ship), bows during a night exercise in the English Channel, south of the Isle of Wight. ''Tiger'' was sliced in two and sank with the loss of 36 lives. After a refit at HMNB Portsmouth, Portsmouth Royal Dockyard that ended in April 1909, she was assigned to the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station.

She was still there when World War I began in August 1914, and captured the Hamburg America Line merchant ship ''HMS Lucia#Capture, Spreewald'' on 10 September. She patrolled for German raiders and escorted convoys for the rest of the war. ''Berwick'' was assigned to the 8th Light Cruiser Squadron in 1919Preston, p. 12 before she was sold for scrap on 1 July 1920. She was broken up in Germany in 1922.

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External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Berwick (1902)
Monmouth-class cruisers
Ships built on the River Clyde
1902 ships
Maritime incidents in 1908
World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom