HMS Arab (1798)
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HMS ''Arab'' was a 22-gun
post ship Post ship was a designation used in the Royal Navy during the second half of the 18th century and the Napoleonic Wars to describe a sixth-rate ship (see rating system of the Royal Navy) that was smaller than a frigate (in practice, carrying ...
of the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
. She was formerly the 18-gun French
privateer A privateer is a private person or vessel which engages in commerce raiding under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign o ...
''Brave'', which the British captured in 1798. She served during the French Revolutionary and
Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...
until she was sold in 1810.Ships of the Royal Navy, Colledge, p.18 During her 12-year career with the Royal Navy she served on three separate stations, and was involved in two international incidents. The first incident occurred under Captain John Perkins and involved the Danes.Battle of West Kay 1801
The second incident occurred under Captain Lord Cochrane and involved the Americans.The Keith Papers, NRS, Vol. 2; Marsden to Hammond, 3 March 1804, National Archives, Kew, ADM 2/639 She participated in the capture of
Sint Eustatius Sint Eustatius, known locally as Statia, is an island in the Caribbean. It is a Caribbean Netherlands, special municipality (officially "Public body (Netherlands), public body") of the Netherlands. The island is in the northern Leeward Islands ...
and
Saba Saba may refer to: Places * Saba (island), an island of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea * Sabá, a municipality in the department of Colón, Honduras * Șaba or Șaba-Târg, the Romanian name for Shabo, a village in Ukraine * Saba, ...
. Under Captains Perkins and Maxwell she also took a considerable number of prizes.National Archives, Kew: ADM 51/1406 Captain's Log HMS Arab 13 September 1800 – 17 May 1801National Archives, Kew: ADM 51/2110 Captain's Log HMS Arab 2 December 1804 – 20 September 1807 After the Royal Navy sold her in 1810 she served as a
whaling ship A whaler or whaling ship is a specialized vessel, designed or adapted for whaling: the catching or processing of whales. Terminology The term ''whaler'' is mostly historic. A handful of nations continue with industrial whaling, and one, Jap ...
in the South Seas whale fisheries. She made six complete whaling voyages until she was lost in 1824 during her seventh; all her crew were saved.


French origins and capture

''Brave'' was built in
Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ...
circa June 1797. She was commissioned under Joseph Robin, and had a crew of 160 men. On 24 April 1798 the 36-gun , under the command of Captain Lawrence William Halsted, captured ''Brave'' off Cape Clear. She was pierced for 22 guns and was carrying eighteen, mixed 12 and 18-pounders. Unusually for a privateer, ''Brave'' resisted capture, suffering several men killed and 14 wounded before she surrendered. ''Phoenix'' had no casualties and suffered trifling damage to her sails and rigging. ''Brave'' had a crew of 160 men and also some 50 English prisoners on board, none of whom were injured. Halsted described ''Brave'' as being "a very fine ship, of 600 Tons, is coppered, and sails exceedingly fast." That she had 50 prisoners on board and only 160 crew indicates that she had taken several British vessels and then put prize crews on board her prizes.


French Revolutionary Wars and Treaty of Amiens

After ''Phoenix'' captured ''Brave'', the British brought her to
Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...
, where she arrived on 12 May. She was named and registered on 24 July 1798 and fitted out between November 1798 and April 1799. During this period a lower deck,
quarterdeck The quarterdeck is a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship. Traditionally it was where the captain commanded his vessel and where the ship's colours were kept. This led to its use as the main ceremonial and reception area on bo ...
and a
forecastle The forecastle ( ; contracted as fo'c'sle or fo'c's'le) is the upper deck (ship), deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is t ...
were added. She was commissioned as HMS ''Arab'' in December 1798 under Commander Peter Spicer.


Capel

On 5 January 1799 Captain
Thomas Bladen Capel Admiral Sir Thomas Bladen Capel (25 August 1776 – 4 March 1853) was an officer in the British Royal Navy whose distinguished service in the French Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 earned him rapid promotion and great ...
took command of ''Arab'', sailing for
Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...
on 23 April. After arriving in the
West Indies The West Indies is an island subregion of the Americas, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island country, island countries and 19 dependent territory, dependencies in thr ...
, at about midnight on 10 July, she engaged three Spanish frigates off the coast of
Havana Havana (; ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.yellow fever on board, something from which ten of the Ship's company would die, including its carpenter Jeremiah Driscoll. The journal of the ship's surgeon, Thomas Tappen, contains an interesting and detailed account of the symptoms these men experienced, together with his treatment for the fever, including the use of
bloodletting Bloodletting (or blood-letting) was the deliberate withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease. Bloodletting, whether by a physician or by leeches, was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and othe ...
and the administering of
calomel Calomel is a Mercury element, mercury chloride mineral with Chemical formula, formula Hg2Cl2 (see mercury(I) chloride). It was used as a medicine from the 16th to early 20th century, despite frequently causing mercury poisoning in patients. The ...
.National Archives, Kew: ADM 101/85/41 Journal of Ship's Surgeon HMS Arab 27 March 1799 – 27 March 1800 On 23 August, shared with ''Arab'' in the capture of the American ship ''Porcupine'', a brig of 113 tons with a crew of eight men that was sailing from New York to Havana carrying a cargo wine, oil, soap and sundries. ''Porcupine'' was condemned but ''Quebec'' appealed. During this period ''Arab'' on her own also detained, on suspicion, the Spanish brig ''Esperansa'', which was sailing from Carthagena with a cargo of cotton, hides, and so forth. Later, at sea off
Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral () is a cape (geography), cape in Brevard County, Florida, in the United States, near the center of the state's Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. Officially Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973, it lies east of Merritt Island, separated ...
on 11 October,
lightning Lightning is a natural phenomenon consisting of electrostatic discharges occurring through the atmosphere between two electrically charged regions. One or both regions are within the atmosphere, with the second region sometimes occurring on ...
struck ''Arab'', killing three men and splinting her main top mast. Tappen again recorded things in his journal, including the state of one of the men, John Leggett, "whose side had the appearance of being burnt, the skin all peeled off, tho the shirt remained entire ". Before the year was out another severe outbreak of yellow fever struck ''Arab'' whilst she was in Jamaica, and by the following January a further twelve of the crew were dead.


Perkins

Captain John Perkins took command in January 1801.National Archives, Kew: ADM 36/14778 Admiralty: Royal Navy Ships' Musters (Series I) Ship: ARAB 1800 Aug – 1801 Oct. In early 1801 rumours of a diplomatic rift between Britain and
Second League of Armed Neutrality The Second League of Armed Neutrality or the League of the North was an alliance of the north European naval powers Denmark–Norway, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia. It existed between 1800 and 1801 during the War of the Second Coalition and was in ...
started reaching the Caribbean. On 1 March Perkins received orders to stop all Danish, Swedish and Russian ships that he encountered. Two days later ''Arab'', in company with the 18-gun British privateer ''Experiment'', caught and challenged two Danish vessels, the
brig A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the l ...
, under the command of Captain
Carl Wilhelm Jessen Counter-Admiral Carl Wilhelm Jessen (10 July 1764 – 30 March 1823) was a Danish naval officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Saint Thomas in the Danish West Indies. Career Carl Wilhelm Jessen was a Danish-Norwegian ...
, and the
schooner A schooner ( ) is a type of sailing ship, sailing vessel defined by its Rig (sailing), rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more Mast (sailing), masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than t ...
''Den Aarvaagne''. ''Arab'' approached the two Danish vessels and, according to Danish accounts, without warning, fired several broadsides at ''Lougen'' before the Danish ship was able to return fire. ''Lougen'', which had escaped serious damage, began to return fire steadily. ''Experiment'' initially attempted to capture ''Aarvaagne'', but ''Aarvaagne'' obeyed orders to stay out of the fight and instead escaped south to
Christiansted Christiansted ( , ; ) is the largest town on Saint Croix, one of the main islands of the United States Virgin Islands, a territory of the United States of America. The town is named after King Christian VI of Denmark. History The town was found ...
on St. Croix with its intelligence on British actions. ''Experiment'' then joined ''Arab'' in the attack on ''Lougen'', with the two British ships sandwiching the Danish ship. During the engagement, which lasted for over an hour, one of ''Lougen''s shots struck the ''Arab''s
cathead A cathead is a large wooden beam located on either side of the bow of a sailing ship, and angled forward at roughly 45 degrees. The beam is used to support the ship's anchor when raising it (weighing anchor) or lowering it (letting go), and f ...
and loosed the bower anchor. (Perkin's reported that it was the first shot from ''Lougen'' that loosed the bower anchor.) ''Arab'' crew was unable to cut the anchor free, leaving ''Arab'' unable to manoeuvre effectively. This allowed Jessen to steer a course that brought him under the protection of the shore batteries and then into St Thomas. The Danish government awarded Jessen a presentation sword made of gold, a medal and 400
rixdollar Rixdollar is the English term for silver coinage used throughout the European continent (, , , ). The same term was also used of currency in Cape Colony and Ceylon. However, the Rixdollar only existed as a coin in Ceylon. Unissued remainder bankn ...
s (the equivalent of a whole year's salary) for his actions in escaping from a numerically superior force. Still, Perkins, after having repaired his battle damage, cruised outside the harbour and in a two-week period captured more than a dozen Danish and other foreign vessels. Between 15 March and 7 April 1801, an expedition under Lieutenant-General
Thomas Trigge General Sir Thomas Trigge ( 1742 – 11 January 1814) was a British army officer who began his career in 1759 during the Seven Years' War, as an ensign in the 12th Regiment of Foot. He remained with the regiment for the next 36 years, and com ...
and Admiral
Duckworth Duckworth may refer to: * Duckworth (surname), people with the surname ''Duckworth'' * Duckworth (''DuckTales''), fictional butler from the television series ''DuckTales'' * Duckworth Books Duckworth Books, originally Gerald Duckworth and Co ...
captured the islands of St. Bartholomew, St. Martin, St. Thomas, and St. Croix. ''Arab'' was listed among the vessels participating in the expedition and entitled to a share in the "proceeds of sundry articles of provisions, merchandise, stores, and property afloat" that had been captured. At that time the British seized both ''Lougen'' and ''Den Aarvaagne''. On 13 April ''Arab'' captured the Spanish armed schooner ''Duenda''.Clowes, p. 471.Naval History of Great Britain James, (1837), Vol. 3, p. 150. On 16 April 1801 Perkins, in ''Arab'' and the newly captured ''Duenda'', together with
Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...
Richard Blunt and a detachment of the
Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment), formerly the 3rd Regiment of Foot, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army traditionally raised in the English county of Kent and garrisoned at Canterbury. It had a history dating back to 1572 and ...
, laid siege to and captured the wealthy islands of
Sint Eustatius Sint Eustatius, known locally as Statia, is an island in the Caribbean. It is a Caribbean Netherlands, special municipality (officially "Public body (Netherlands), public body") of the Netherlands. The island is in the northern Leeward Islands ...
and
Saba Saba may refer to: Places * Saba (island), an island of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea * Sabá, a municipality in the department of Colón, Honduras * Șaba or Șaba-Târg, the Romanian name for Shabo, a village in Ukraine * Saba, ...
, capturing their French garrisons, forty-seven
cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during th ...
and 338 barrels of
gunpowder Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, charcoal (which is mostly carbon), and potassium nitrate, potassium ni ...
. Eustatia had been the most profitable of the islands in the
Dutch West Indies The Dutch Caribbean (historically known as the Dutch West Indies) are the New World territories, colonies, and countries (former and current) of the Dutch Empire and the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea, mainly the norther ...
. Command of ''Arab'' passed to Captain Robert Fanshawe in 1802. Fanshawe took her back to Plymouth, where she spent between August and December being repaired and refitted. After a brief period spent laid up she was brought back into service with the resumption of war with France.


Napoleonic Wars


Cochrane

''Arab'' was recommissioned in October 1803 under Captain Lord Cochrane, who had been assigned to ''Arab'' by
Earl St Vincent Viscount St Vincent, of Meaford in the County of Stafford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 April 1801 for the noted naval commander John Jervis, Earl of St Vincent, with remainder to his nephews William H ...
. In his autobiography, Cochrane compared the ''Arab'' to a collier, and his first thoughts on seeing her being repaired at Plymouth were that she would "sail like a haystack".Cochrane Britannia's Sea Wolf, Thomas, p.82 Under Cochrane's command ''Arab'' twice collided with Royal Navy ships, first with the 12-gun , and then with the storeship . Despite his misgivings, Cochrane still managed to intercept and board an American merchant ship, the ''Chatham'', thereby creating an international incident that led to the consignment of ''Arab'' and her commander to fishing fleet protection duties beyond
Orkney Orkney (), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago off the north coast of mainland Scotland. The plural name the Orkneys is also sometimes used, but locals now consider it outdated. Part of the Northern Isles along with Shetland, ...
in the North Sea, an assignment that Cochrane bitterly complained about.Autobiography of a Seaman, Cochrane, p. 90 Cochrane would later refer to his time in the ''Arab'' in the
North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Se ...
and the Downs as "naval exile in a dreary tub".The Audacious Admiral Cochrane, Vale, p. 37


Maxwell

Captain Keith Maxwell replaced Cochrane in 1805, and sailed ''Arab'' to serve with the squadron off
Boulogne Boulogne-sur-Mer (; ; ; or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Hauts-de-France, Northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Pas-de-Calais. Boul ...
. On 18 July the British spotted the French Boulogne flotilla sailing along the shore. Captain Edward Owen of sent , , ''Arab'' and the brigs , , and in pursuit of 22 large schooners flying the Dutch flag. As Maxwell came close to shore he found the water barely deep enough to keep ''Arab'' from running aground. Still, the British managed to force three of the schooners to ground on the Banc de Laine near
Cap Gris Nez Cap Gris-Nez is a cape located in Audinghen, a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département of northern France. Part of the Côte d'Opale, it is classified as a protected natural area. Its cliffs mark the closest point of France to Great Britain, ...
; their crews ran two others ashore. The British also drove six French gun-vessels on shore. However, the bank off Cape Grinez, and the shot and shells from the right face of its powerful battery, soon compelled the British to move back from the shore. ''Arab'' suffered seven wounded and a great deal of damage. ''Fleche'' was the closest inshore owing to her light draft of water; she had five men severely wounded and damage to her rigging. At some point a shell from a shore battery hit ''Arab''s main-mast-head and then fell to the gun deck. At first a seaman named Clorento tried to defuse the shell. While he was doing this master's mate Edward Mansell and two more seamen came up. Together they got the shell into the sea, where it exploded. The next day ''Arab'' buried her dead at sea, after which the men on ''Immortalite'' cheered ''Arab''. Maxwell wrote to the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd's, drawing its attention to the heroism of the four men. Thereafter, the Fund voted Mansell £50 and the three other seamen £20 each. The fund gave an additional £125 for Maxwell to divide between eight other crewmen in graduated amounts. On 22 September 1805 she left
St Helens, Isle of Wight St Helens is a village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish located on the eastern side of the Isle of Wight. The village developed around village greens. This is claimed to be the largest in England but some say it is the second la ...
. She arrived at
Funchal Funchal () officially Funchal City (), is the capital, largest city and a Municipality (Portugal), municipality in Portugal's Madeira, Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it ...
Roads A road is a thoroughfare used primarily for movement of traffic. Roads differ from streets, whose primary use is local access. They also differ from stroads, which combine the features of streets and roads. Most modern roads are paved. The ...
on 12 October, having with , convoyed the
slave ship Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting Slavery, slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea ( ...
and some other vessels. In December ''Arab'' and ''Favourite'' were off the west coast of Africa. Subsequently, ''Arab'' returned to the West Indies. During her time in the West Indies Lieutenant Edward Dix, as acting captain, temporarily replaced Maxwell for a period of five weeks in 1806. Two days after Dix joined ''Arab'', yellow fever broke out which the crew of ''Arab'', except Dix and eight others, contracted; 33 men died. Maxwell resumed command and returned to
Spithead Spithead is an eastern area of the Solent and a roadstead for vessels off Gilkicker Point in Hampshire, England. It is protected from all winds except those from the southeast, with the Isle of Wight lying to the south-west. Spithead and the ch ...
in 1807 where ''Arab''s remaining crew were paid off.


Disposal

The Navy then placed ''Arab''
in ordinary ''In ordinary'' is an English phrase with multiple meanings. In relation to the Royal Household and public officials more generally, it indicates that a position is a permanent one (in contrast to positions that are extraordinary). In naval matt ...
at
Woolwich Woolwich () is a town in South London, southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was mainta ...
. The principal officers and commissioners of His Majesty's Navy sold her at
Deptford Deptford is an area on the south bank of the River Thames in southeast London, in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and London Borough of Lewisham. It is named after a Ford (crossing), ford of the River Ravensbourne. From the mid 16th century ...
on 20 September 1810.


Whaler

The supplement to ''
Lloyd's Register Lloyd's Register Group Limited, trading as Lloyd's Register (LR), is a technical and professional services organisation and a maritime classification society, wholly owned by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, a UK charity dedicated to research ...
'' for 1811 describes ''Arab'', 500 tons, French prize, at London, Hill, master, and the whaling company Mather & Co. as owner. However, there is no record that she sailed for Mather & Co. ''Arab'' did engage in whaling and sealing voyages from 1813 until she was lost in 1824, but for Daniel Bennett. An addendum to the entry for ''Arab'' in the 1813 ''Lloyd's Register'' gave her new master as "Brown". This is John Brown.''Lloyd's Register'', 1813, № 1103
/ref> Ownership changed in 1813 and the new owner was Daniel Bennett, who would remain ''Arab''s owner for seven voyages.British Southern Whale Fishery Database – voyages: ''Arab''.
/ref> On her first voyage for Bennett, Brown sailed ''Arab'' to the South Seas whale fisheries on 22 September 1813. He visited the Desolation Islands, returning to London on 23 June 1815. ''Arab'' and Brown then sailed for the South Seas again on 26 June 1815. She returned on 21 May 1816 with 580 casks and 25 cases of seal skins. For her next three voyages for Bennett, ''Arab''s master was George Barclay (or Berkley). For her third voyage, ''Arab'' left London on 4 July 1816, and returned on 19 March 1817. On her fourth voyage, ''Arab'' left London on 10 June 1817. She returned on 27 March 1818 with 600 casks. On her fifth voyage, ''Arab'' left on 2 June 1818, bound for
South Georgia South Georgia is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. ...
She returned on 6 May 1819 with 300 casks and 5000 seal skins. ''Arab''s master for sixth voyage was Allen, and her destination was
Walvis Bay Walvis Bay (; ; ) is a city in Namibia and the name of the bay on which it lies. It is the List of cities in Namibia, second largest city in Namibia and the largest coastal city in the country. The city covers an area of of land. The bay is a ...
. In March 1820 she was reported to have 1800 barrels. By 14 August she was back at Walfish
alvis Alvis is a given name and a surname (close to the uncommon Scottish surname Alves). Alvis may also refer to: *Alvi, a Muslim community in South Asia, who claims descent from the fourth Rashidun caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib *Alvis Car and Engineering ...
Bay. She sailed for England, but on 24 October she was reported to grounded on
Margate Margate is a seaside resort, seaside town in the Thanet District of Kent, England. It is located on the north coast of Kent and covers an area of long, north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay, UK, Palm Bay and W ...
Sands. She was refloated and reached London on 27 October.


Loss

For what was her seventh voyage, which turned out to be her last, ''Arab'' was under the command of Captain Alexander Sinclair. She left on 9 April 1821 for New Zealand. She was reported to be at the Bay of Islands and to have loaded 350 barrels. She left from "Fenning's Island" (possibly Fanning's Island), and by 11 June was in a sinking state with nine feet of water in her hold. Fortunately, she encountered ''Ocean'', Harrison, master, at .''
Lloyd's List ''Lloyd's List'' is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and i ...
'' 16 July 1724, №592

/ref> ''Ocean'' had left Port Jackson in February 1824 bound for London. While en route she weathered a large gale but she lost her livestock overboard. When she encountered ''Arab'', she was able to rescue ''Arab''s 36-man crew before ''Arab'' sank with her cargo of 300 tons of sperm oil. ''Ocean'' went on to
Saint Helena Saint Helena (, ) is one of the three constituent parts of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a remote British overseas territory. Saint Helena is a volcanic and tropical island, located in the South Atlantic Ocean, some 1,874 km ...
to undertake repairs and buy provisions. ''Ocean'' arrived in London in July 1824.


Notes


Citations


References

* * Clowes, W. Laird, et al. (1897–1903) The royal navy: a history from the earliest times to the present. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; London: S. Low, Marston and Co.), Vol. 3. * * Corry, Joseph (1807) ''Observations Upon the Windward Coast of Africa: The Religion, Character, Customs &c., of the Natives; with a System Upon which They May be Civilized, and a Knowledge Attained of the Interior of this Extraordinary Quarter of the Globe; and Upon the Natural and Commercial Resources of the Country: Made in the Years 1805 and 1806''. (G. and W. Nicol). * * * Donnithorne, Christopher H. (undated) ''Documentation of the British Ships and Battle with the Danes on March 3, 1801, St. Thomas, Danish West Indies''.
Unpublished paper accessed 2 September 2015).
* * * * Stanbury, Myra, Kandy-Jane Henderson, Bernard Derrien, Nicolas Bigourdan, & Evelyne Le Touze (2015) "Chapter 18: Epilogue" nline In: Stanbury, Myra. ''The Mermaid Atoll Shipwreck: A Mysterious Early 19th-century Loss''. (Fremantle, WA: Australian National Centre of Excellence for Maritime Archaeology and the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology): 235–290

ited 20 Aug 18 * * Vale, Brian. ''The Audacious Admiral Cochrane: The True Life of a Naval Legend''. * Earl of Dundonald, Thomas. ''The Autobiography of a Seaman''. * Thomas, Donald. ''Cochrane: Britannia's Sea Wolf''.


External links


HMS Arab


* ttp://www.nmm.ac.uk/visit/ National Maritime Museum
Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth
; {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab (1798) Sixth rates of the Royal Navy 1797 ships Privateer ships of France Captured ships Post ships of the Royal Navy Whaling ships Maritime incidents in June 1824