HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509)
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HMCS ''Protecteur'' (AOR 509) was the
lead ship The lead ship, name ship, or class leader is the first of a series or class of ships that are all constructed according to the same general design. The term is applicable to naval ships and large civilian vessels. Large ships are very comple ...
of the s in service with the
Royal Canadian Navy The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; , ''MRC'') is the Navy, naval force of Canada. The navy is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of February 2024, the RCN operates 12 s, 12 s, 4 s, 4 s, 8 s, and several auxiliary ...
. She was part of Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC), homeported at CFB Esquimalt, British Columbia. Built by Saint John Shipbuilding and Dry Docks in
Saint John, New Brunswick Saint John () is a port#seaport, seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is Canada's oldest Municipal corporation, incorporated city, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign ...
, she was commissioned on 30 August 1969. She was the first Canadian naval unit to carry the name ''Protecteur''; however, there have been several units, including a base, named . Mostly known for her humanitarian efforts, ''Protecteur'' had also served in times of war including
Operation Friction Operation Friction was a Canadian military operation that saw the contribution of 4,500 Canadian Forces personnel to the 1991 Gulf War. The larger US components were Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. Operation Friction initi ...
and Operation Apollo in the Persian Gulf region, multi-national naval exercises, and as part of the
INTERFET The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational non-United Nations peacemaking task force, organised and led by Australia in accordance with United Nations resolutions to address the humanitarian and security crisis that took ...
in
East Timor Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and ...
. Operation Apollo was the largest deployment of the Royal Canadian Navy since the
Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...
. In six months ''Protecteur'' logged over , delivering over of fuel and 390 pallets of dry goods to deployed coalition ships. ''Protecteur'', as well as her
sister ship A sister ship is a ship of the same Ship class, class or of virtually identical design to another ship. Such vessels share a nearly identical hull and superstructure layout, similar size, and roughly comparable features and equipment. They o ...
''Preserver'', were scheduled to be
paid off Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to placing a warship i ...
in 2017, however, damage due to an engine fire aboard the ship in 2014 forced ''Protecteur'' to be paid off prematurely. ''Protecteur'' was decommissioned at a farewell ceremony on 14 May 2015.


Building ''Protecteur''

''Protecteur'' was the first Canadian naval unit to carry the name ''Protecteur'', French for "Protector"; however, there have been two
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and seven
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
naval units named ''Protector''. The name was also used for a Canadian base, named .


Construction

First authorized in 1959, ''Protecteur'' was constructed by Saint John Shipbuilding and Dry Docks in
Saint John, New Brunswick Saint John () is a port#seaport, seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is Canada's oldest Municipal corporation, incorporated city, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign ...
, starting on 17 October 1967, was launched on 18 July 1968, and was commissioned by the
Canadian Forces The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; , FAC) are the unified Military, military forces of Canada, including sea, land, and air commands referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. Under the ''National Defenc ...
on 30 August 1969.


General characteristics

''Protecteur'' was one of two ships in the ''Protecteur'' class of replenishment oilers in service with the Royal Canadian Navy. The ship was long and wide, with a
displacement Displacement may refer to: Physical sciences Mathematics and physics *Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
between depending on her load. ''Protecteur''s draught was , and she had been given an ice rating of three. Two
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boiler A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, centra ...
s fed a single
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rated at that drove a single propeller, allowing the ship to reach a maximum speed of . At , the range of ''Protecteur'' was limited to , but her range could be extended to when only travelling at . ''Protecteur''s primary role was to deliver supplies to deployed ships. Fully loaded, ''Protecteur'' could store up to of fuel, of
aviation fuel Aviation fuels are either petroleum-based or blends of petroleum and synthetic fuels, used to power aircraft. They have more stringent requirements than fuels used for ground applications, such as heating and road transport, and they contain add ...
, of dry cargo, and of ammunition. Fuel could be transferred at a rate of per hour and of dry cargo per hour could be transferred all while travelling at her top speed.


Armament

Four
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Mark 36 SRBOC chaff launchers and an
AN/SLQ-25 Nixie The AN/SLQ-25 Nixie and its variants are towed torpedo decoys used on US and allied warships. It consists of a towed decoy device (TB-14A) and a shipboard signal generator. The Nixie is capable of defeating wake-homing, acoustic-homing, and ...
towed decoy were the ship's primary defences. When ''Protecteur'' was originally launched, she was fitted with a twin 3-inch/50-calibre gun mounted on her bow; however, the 3-inch guns were replaced with two 20 mm
Phalanx CIWS The Phalanx CIWS () is an automated gun-based close-in weapon system to defend military watercraft automatically against incoming threats such as aircraft, missiles, and small boats. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Co ...
mounts, one at the bow and one astern in August 1990. The CIWS emplacements were part of the upgrades that ''Protecteur'' received before deploying to the Persian Gulf region. The CIWS was found above the
bridge A bridge is a structure built to Span (engineering), span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, whi ...
. Her former 3-inch guns were temporarily fitted, together with two Bofors 40 mm guns, six machine guns, as well as Blowpipe and
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s during the Gulf War. The CIWS mounts were retained after the war, but the Bofors and 76 mm gun were removed from ''Protecteur'' after returning from war. Originally ''Protecteur'' was to be fitted with Mark 29 NATO Sea Sparrow. However, due to delays in procurement, the Sea Sparrow system was never installed. The Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King helicopters on board ''Protecteur'' also provided weapons support, carrying
Mark 46 torpedo The Mark 46 torpedo is the backbone of the United States Navy's lightweight anti-submarine warfare torpedo inventory and is the NATO standard. These aerial torpedoes are designed to attack high-performance submarines. In 1989, an improvement p ...
es and a 7.62 mm machine gun.


Crew

Three hundred sixty-five men and women served on ''Protecteur''. There were 27 officers aboard ship and a total of 45 crew members who were part of the air detachment that flew three CH-124 Sea King helicopters off the back of the ship. In 1988 the crew of ''Protecteur'' was officially desegregated, allowing both men and women to serve on board her. ''Protecteur'' was equipped with a small dental clinic, which provided dental care for the Canadian Forces when deployed.


Service

In 1974 the Polish sailboat ''Gedania'' embarked on an attempt to traverse the
Northwest Passage The Northwest Passage (NWP) is the sea lane between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, near the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Arctic Archipelago of Canada. The eastern route along the Arctic ...
, as part of a journey to circumnavigate the North and South American continents. Although the Canadian authorities refused to grant the necessary visa, the captain of the yacht persisted, and ''Protecteur'' was sent to intercept the yacht on 30 August 1975. The captain eventually turned back of his own accord, but the operation was estimated to have cost $400,000 (equivalent to $ in ). In 1980, while ''Protecteur'' was operating off the coast of Portugal, Commanding Officer
Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...
Larry Dzioba hoisted an
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flag on the ship's mast, joking that they were the "biggest floating gas station in the neighbourhood". In 1981, ''Protecteur'' served in CARIBOPS 81 off the coast of Puerto Rico, along with at least two Canadian destroyers. ''Protecteur'' and her CH-124 helicopters performed a nighttime rescue of the crew of a disabled Norwegian chemical tanker in June 1982. The Norwegian crew was forced to abandon their ship after a fire had broken out. For the 75th anniversary of the Royal Canadian Navy, ''Protecteur'' hosted a dinner with the captains of 35 ships, including ships from Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States, as well as then Governor General
Jeanne Sauvé Jeanne Mathilde Sauvé (; ; April 26, 1922 – January 26, 1993) was a Canadian politician, journalist and stateswoman who served as the 23rd governor general of Canada from 1984 to 1990 and as the 29th Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada), ...
and
Prince Andrew Prince Andrew, Duke of York (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a younger broth ...
. In 1991, ''Protecteur'' was part of the Canadian contingent sent to the Persian Gulf as part of
Operation Desert Shield , combatant2 = , commander1 = , commander2 = , strength1 = Over 950,000 soldiers3,113 tanks1,800 aircraft2,200 artillery systems , page = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-PEMD-96- ...
and later
Operation Friction Operation Friction was a Canadian military operation that saw the contribution of 4,500 Canadian Forces personnel to the 1991 Gulf War. The larger US components were Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. Operation Friction initi ...
(the Canadian name for its operations during the Gulf War). The ship, part of a three-vessel force, the other two being the and the , saw extensive service in the Central Gulf. The ship was honoured with the Gulf and Kuwait Medal and the Arabian Sea award for her service in the war. In 1992, ''Protecteur'' was sent to help after
Hurricane Andrew Hurricane Andrew was a compact, but very powerful and devastating tropical cyclone that struck the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana in August 1992. It was the most destructive hurricane to ever hit Florida in terms of structures dama ...
in Florida, with tasks including repairing schools, community centres, and hospitals in the region. A small pool was built on the helipad of ''Protecteur'' providing some relief to hurricane ravaged Floridians. Homes, churches, and a senior centre were also repaired in the Bahamas. The homeport of ''Protecteur'' was changed from
CFB Halifax Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Halifax is Canada's east coast naval base and home port to the Royal Canadian Navy Atlantic fleet, known as Canadian Fleet Atlantic (CANFLTLANT), that forms part of the formation (military), formation Maritime Forces At ...
to CFB Esquimalt after the hurricane relief efforts. The frigate and ''Protecteur'' participated in the multi-national
RIMPAC The Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) is the world's largest international maritime warfare exercise. RIMPAC is held biennially during June and July of even-numbered years from Honolulu, Hawaii, with the exception of 2020 where it was held ...
 98 off the coast of Hawaii in June 1998. ''Protecteur'' was deployed to
East Timor Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and ...
as part of the Australian-led
INTERFET The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational non-United Nations peacemaking task force, organised and led by Australia in accordance with United Nations resolutions to address the humanitarian and security crisis that took ...
peacekeeping taskforce from 23 October 1999 to 23 January 2000. Crew from ''Protecteur'' helped reconstruct a police academy in
Dili Dili (Portuguese language, Portuguese and Tetum language, Tetum: ''Díli'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Timor-Leste. It lies on the northern coast of the island of Timor, in a small area of flat land hemmed in by mountai ...
during their deployment in support of INTERFET. The
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then used the newly reconstructed academy to set up a training school for the National Police of East Timor. ''Protecteur'' participated in Operation Apollo for six months, logging over and delivering over of fuel and 390 pallets of dry goods, returning to CFB Esquimalt in November 2002. Operation Apollo was the largest Canadian deployment since the
Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...
. ''Protecteur'' participated in RIMPAC again in 2004, along with the and . On 19 September 2011, ''Protecteur'' departed from CFB Esquimalt for a two-month deployment off southern California as part of the
carrier strike group A carrier strike group (CSG) is a type of carrier battle group of the United States Navy. It is an operational formation composed of roughly 7,500 personnel, usually an aircraft carrier, at least one cruiser, a destroyer Squadron (naval), squad ...
. ''Protecteur'' joined the destroyer ''Algonquin'' and the frigate in Fleet Week activities in
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, between 26 and 30 September 2011. On 30 August 2013, the ship was involved in a collision with ''Algonquin'' during towing exercises. There were no injuries to personnel, although ''Protecteur'' sustained damage to her bow. The damage was repaired in time for ''Protecteur'' to participate in a Task Group Exercise with the United States Navy in mid-October 2013. On 27 February 2014, ''Protecteur'' suffered an engine room fire and breakdown northeast of
Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor is an American lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. It was often visited by the naval fleet of the United States, before it was acquired from the Hawaiian Kingdom by the U.S. with the signing of the Reci ...
, Hawaii. She was moving at limited speeds and the
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, , and the
Military Sealift Command The Military Sealift Command (MSC) is an organization that controls the replenishment and military transport ships of the United States Navy. Military Sealift Command has the responsibility for providing sealift and ocean transportation for all U ...
-operated were dispatched to assist. ''Chosin'' attempted to tow ''Protecteur'', but the towing line broke. About 20 members of the ship's crew were injured as a result of the fire, and her engines were badly damaged. After a preliminary assessment, it was decided that the vessel could not be repaired in Pearl Harbor. On 16 May, ''Protecteur'' left Pearl Harbor under tow from the United States Military Sealift Command-operated rescue and salvage ship for an expected three week journey to her home port of CFB Esquimalt. ''Protecteur'' was delivered to Esquimalt on 31 May 2014.


Retirement and interim replacement

''Protecteur'' was decommissioned at a farewell ceremony on 14 May 2015. Plans for replacing ''Protecteur'' and her sister ship, ''Preserver'', were first brought up in 2004. Lack of spare parts for the ship's boiler and the fact that she is a single-skinned tanker were the main driving points to replacing ''Protecteur'' and ''Preserver''. It had been planned that the ship would have continued to operate until 2015; however, the Joint Support Ship Project would not have been completed until two years later, leaving a gap in the ability of the RCN to refuel and resupply her own ships while deployed. Following extensive damage as a result of a fire in February 2014, ''Protecteur''s decommissioning was brought forward as repairs would have been "...too expensive for the navy to consider" given that she was due to be retired in 2017. On 19 September 2014, Vice-Admiral Mark Norman announced the retirement of ''Protecteur'', along with her sister ship and the ''Iroquois''-class destroyers and ''Algonquin''. ''Protecteur'', along with ''Algonquin'', was sold for scrapping on 27 November 2015 to R.J. MacIsaac Ltd. of Antigonish, Nova Scotia. They were towed to Nova Scotia where the work was done at
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. In October 2015, , a container ship, was acquired by Davie Shipyards to be converted into an auxiliary vessel, to be leased to the RCN as a temporary bridge between the ''Protecteur'' class until the new AOR class becomes available. That ship was converted and was delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy as MV ''Asterix'' on 6 December 2017. On 10 March 2017, ex-''Protecteur'' caught fire while being dismantled in Liverpool, Nova Scotia. Residual fuel caught fire during demolition of the vessel.


New class and future service

On 12 September 2017 Vice Admiral Ron Lloyd, commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, announced that the new Joint Support Ships would no longer be named for battles of the War of 1812. Originally to be named ''Queenston'' and ''Chateauguay'', the Joint Support Ships will instead be named ''Protecteur'' and ''Preserver'', perpetuating the names of the former ''Protecteur'' class.


See also

* the predecessor to ''Protecteur''


Notes


References


External links

*
''Protecteur''-class homepage
{{DEFAULTSORT:Protecteur (AOR 509) 1968 ships Protecteur-class replenishment oilers Ships built in Saint John, New Brunswick Auxiliary ships of the Royal Canadian Navy Maritime incidents in 2014