HMAS Tingira
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HMAS ''Tingira'' was a
training ship A training ship is a ship used to train students as sailors. The term is mostly used to describe ships employed by navies to train future officers. Essentially there are two types: those used for training at sea and old hulks used to house class ...
operated by the
Royal Australian Navy The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the navy, naval branch of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (Australia), Chief of Navy (CN) Vice admiral (Australia), Vice Admiral Mark Hammond (admiral), Ma ...
(RAN) between 1911 and 1927. Alexander Hall & Co. built the ship in Scotland in 1866 as the passenger clipper ''Sobraon''; she was the largest composite-hull sailing vessel ever built. She sailed on an annual migration run between England and Australia until 1891, when she was sold to the colonial government of New South Wales for use as a reformatory ship. The vessel was then sold to the federal government in 1911, and entered RAN service. ''Tingira'' was
paid off Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to placing a warship i ...
in 1927, but despite efforts to preserve the ship, was
broken up Ship breaking (also known as ship recycling, ship demolition, ship scrapping, ship dismantling, or ship cracking) is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships either as a source of Interchangeable parts, parts, which can be sol ...
in 1941.


Design and construction

''Sobraon'' was designed as a combination steam-sail ship, but plans to integrate a steam-powered propulsion system were cancelled while the ship was being built.Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p.63. Under full sail, ''Sobraon'' could use up to of sail, and could achieve . The ship's hold was , and there was provision for livestock. The hull was of composite construction - teak planking over an iron frame. ''Sobraon'' was the largest composite-hull sailing vessel ever built.The ''Aberdeen Journal'' compared ''Sobraon'' with the ship ''Schomberg'', from the same builder in 1855. The latter was length 288 feet, breadth 45 feet, depth of hold 29 feet; 2400 register tons (the measurement system changed and under the old system was 2600 tons), burthen 3000-4000 tons; but she was not a composite vessel. Allexander Hall & Sons built ''Sobraon'' at
Aberdeen Aberdeen ( ; ; ) is a port city in North East Scotland, and is the List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, third most populous Cities of Scotland, Scottish city. Historically, Aberdeen was within the historic county of Aberdeensh ...
, Scotland. She was given the yard number 239.''Sobraon'', in ''Aberdeen Ships Database'' The ship, named after the
Battle of Sobraon The Battle of Sobraon was fought on 10 February 1847, between the forces of the East India Company and the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of the declining Sikh Empire of the Punjab region, Punjab. The Sikhs were completely defeated, making this the ...
, was launched on 17 April 1866.


Operational history


''Sobraon''

The ship was built for Shaw, Lowther, Maxton & Co., but was initially operated by the firm
Devitt and Moore Devitt and Moore was a British shipping company formed by Thomas Henry Devitt and Joseph Moore in 1836. They became shipowners and entered the passenger and cargo trade to Australia managing and owning many clipper ships such as and . With the a ...
, who purchased the vessel in 1870.Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 64 ''Sobraon'' was used on the England to Australia migration route, and made one trip per year from England. Her maiden voyage departed London on 9 November and Plymouth 21 November 1866, reaching Australia on 4 February 1867. Initially, voyages ended in Sydney, but from 1872 onwards, ''Sobraon'' began sailing to Melbourne instead. The ship's high speed, along with onboard facilities like a water condenser, ice chamber, and fresh milk daily from onboard livestock, made ''Sobraon'' one of the more popular migration ships. On the first three return voyages, ''Sobraon'' would take on a cargo of Indian tea and race other ships back to England to deliver the first cargo. After the third voyage, the ship was instead loaded with cargoes of Australian wheat and wool for the return leg. On 14 October 1890, ''Sobraon'' sailed on her final voyage to Australia. She reached Melbourne on 4 January 1891, was sold later that month to the
New South Wales Government The Government of New South Wales, also known as the NSW Government, is the executive state government of New South Wales, Australia. The government comprises 11 portfolios, led by a ministerial department and supported by several agencies. Th ...
, then towed to Sydney. In the hands of the colony's government, ''Sobraon'' was assigned to the State Welfare Department and refitted for use as a reformatory ship, where delinquent boys were trained in the skills for a maritime career. Moored off
Cockatoo Island Cockatoo Island Wareamah is a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the confluence of the Parramatta River and Lane Cove River in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. Cockatoo Island is the largest of several harbour islands that were once ...
and operated under the designation "Nautical School Ship ''Sobraon''", over 4,000 boys were hosted and trained across a 20-year period.


HMAS ''Tingira''

The
Australian federal government The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government or simply as the federal government, is the national Executive (government), executive government of Australia, a federalism, federal Parliamentary system, parliamentary con ...
purchased the ship in 1911 for use as a
training ship A training ship is a ship used to train students as sailors. The term is mostly used to describe ships employed by navies to train future officers. Essentially there are two types: those used for training at sea and old hulks used to house class ...
for the fledgling
Royal Australian Navy The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the navy, naval branch of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (Australia), Chief of Navy (CN) Vice admiral (Australia), Vice Admiral Mark Hammond (admiral), Ma ...
(RAN). She was refitted, commissioned into the RAN as HMAS ''Tingira'' (an Aboriginal word for "open sea") on 25 April 1912, and moored in Rose Bay. Up to 250 boys between the ages of 14½ and 16 could be trained at any time, although the trainee complement rarely exceeded 200. Between 1912 and 1927, 3,158 boys were trained for naval service. As ''Tingira'' was immobilised, the steam yacht was attached to the training ship as a tender, and used to provide seagoing experience to recruits.


Fate

''Tingira'' was paid off on 30 June 1927, and laid up in Berry's Bay. In 1929, the ship was sold to a private owner, but he did not put her to any use before passing away in 1935. ''Tingira'' was then purchased by Major Friere (a retired British Army officer) in 1936, who was working with Louisa Ankin to preserve the ship as a national relic.Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 35 Two years later, the ship was sold to a
ship breaker Ship breaking (also known as ship recycling, ship demolition, ship scrapping, ship dismantling, or ship cracking) is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships either as a source of Interchangeable parts, parts, which can be sol ...
by mortgagees; Friere and Ankin attempted to repurchase the ship, but were unsuccessful. ''Tingira'' was broken up in 1941. Teenage trainees at the RAN's Junior Recruit Training Establishment (which operated at
Fremantle Fremantle () () is a port city in Western Australia located at the mouth of the Swan River (Western Australia), Swan River in the metropolitan area of Perth, the state capital. Fremantle Harbour serves as the port of Perth. The Western Australi ...
naval base from 1960 to 1984) wore shoulder flashes bearing the name "Tingira" as a historical link with the training ship. Tingira Memorial Park, a small park on the Rose Bay waterfront, commemorates HMAS ''Tingira''.Woollahra Municipal Council, ''Tinigira Memorial Park'' The park was established in two phases; the first opening in 1962, the second completed in 1977.


Citations


References

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Notes


Further reading

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Tingira, HMAS Training ships of the Royal Australian Navy Clippers Victorian-era merchant ships of the United Kingdom Ships built in Aberdeen Prison ships 1866 ships Rose Bay, New South Wales