HMAS Colac

HMAS ''Colac'' (J242/M05), named for the town of Colac, Victoria, was one of 60 ''Bathurst''-class corvettes constructed during World War II, and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Design and construction

In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.Stevens, ''The Australian Corvettes'', p. 1Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 103 The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–4 The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a top speed, and a range of , armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels. Construction of the prototype did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 104 The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including ''Colac'') ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.Donohue, ''From Empire Defence to the Long Haul'', p. 29Stevens et al., ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 108

''Colac'' was laid down by Mort's Dock and Engineering Company at Balmain, New South Wales on 18 April 1941. She was launched on 30 August 1941 by Miss M. Heady, senior lady on the staff of Morts Dock and Engineering, and commissioned into the RAN on 6 January 1942. The Colac was under the command of Lt. Commander Dudley Charles Northam. The ship was originally to be named HMAS ''Hamilton''.

Operational history

World War II

After entering service, ''Colac'' was assigned as an anti-submarine patrol and convoy escort vessel, operating between Townsville and New Guinea. This continued until December 1942, when ''Colac'' and sister ships ''Ballarat'' and ''Broome'' were ordered to support the Allied efforts to recapture Buna-Gona by embarking 762 Australian soldiers and delivering them as far into the Japanese-occupied Oro Province of Papua New Guinea as possible. The first attempt, early on 14 December, saw 46 soldiers landed at Cape Sudest before the three corvettes were attacked by Japanese aircraft and forced to withdraw. That night, under the cover of darkness, the remaining troops were landed nearby. Throughout December, ''Colac'' was involved in three similar troop deployments, and later took part in Operation Lilliput; the reinforcement and supply of the captured area.

In March 1943, ''Colac'' and ''Ballarat'' were reassigned to convoy escort duty along the east coast of Australia. On 26 April, a five-ship convoy escorted by the two corvettes was attacked by Japanese submarine ''I-177'' off Cape Byron. The MV ''Limerick'' was torpedoed and sunk, with all but two of the crew rescued by ''Colac''. ''I-177'' escaped unharmed. In July, ''Colac'' was instructed to begin escorting convoys between Australia and New Guinea, before returning to east coast convoys at the start of 1944, then undergoing a refit.

In April 1944, ''Colac'' was assigned to escort and patrol duties in New Guinea waters, which continued until April 1945, when the corvette was one of four RAN ships providing gunfire support for operations in the Wewak area. In mid-May, ''Colac'' was assigned to harass Japanese bases in the Solomon Islands area. On 26 May, the ship suffered her first casualties of the war, two hits from Japanese shore batteries killed two sailors, wounded two others, and holed ''Colac'' at the waterline. The corvette jettisoned stores, her depth charge payload, and replaceable pieces of equipment to avoid sinking and escape, and later limped to the Treasury Islands under tow for repairs. Temporary repairs were made to allow ''Colac'' to sail to New Guinea and then to Sydney, where she arrived on 18 June and entered dock for repairs. ''Colac'' was still under repair when World War II ended, and she was paid off into reserve on 27 November 1945.

The corvette was awarded two battle honours for her wartime service: "Pacific 1942–45" and "New Guinea 1942–44".

Training ship

On 20 February 1951, ''Colac'' was recommissioned for use as a training ship for National Service trainees.

Decommissioning and fate

''Colac'' was returned to reserve on 30 January 1953. In 1962, the ship was converted into a tank cleaning vessel, and served in this role until 30 September 1983. ''Colac'' was not recommissioned during this time.

On 4 March 1987, ''Colac'' was sunk by a Mark 48 torpedo fired by the submarine HMAS ''Ovens'' in a weapons test. The corvette sank at .

Citations

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External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colac
Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy
Ships built in New South Wales
1941 ships
World War II corvettes of Australia
Training ships of the Royal Australian Navy
Ships sunk as targets
Scuttled vessels of New South Wales
Maritime incidents in 1987