Günther Radusch

Günther Radusch (11 November 1912 – 29 July 1988) was a World War II German Luftwaffe pilot and wing commander. As a fighter ace, he claimed 65 enemy aircraft shot down in over 140 combat missions. He claimed one victory in the Spanish Civil War. During World War II, he was credited with 64 aerial victories in Defense of the Reich all of which claimed at night and includes the destruction of 57 four-engined bombers.

Born in Schwetz, Radusch volunteered for military service in the ''Reichsheer'' of the Weimar Republic in 1931. In parallel, he was accepted for flight training with the ''Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule'', a covert military-training organization, and at the Lipetsk fighter-pilot school. Following flight training, he served with ''Jagdgeschwader'' 134 "Horst Wessel" (JG 134—134th Fighter Wing) and volunteered to fight in the Spanish Civil War where he claimed one aerial victory. For his service in Spain he was awarded the Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords.

At the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, Radusch served with ''Zerstörergeschwader'' 1 and was appointed a squadron leader in June 1940. This unit became the nucleus of the newly created night fighter wing ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 1. He claimed his first nocturnal aerial victory on the night of 9/10 April 1941. In August 1943, Radusch was appointed ''Geschwaderkommodore'' (wing commande) of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 5. Following his 25th aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 August 1943. In February 1944, Radusch was given command of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 2 and received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 6 April 1944 after 58 nocturnal aerial victories. In October, he was appointed commander of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 3, a position he held until the end of World War II. After the war, Radusch reentered military service in the ''Bundeswehr'' in 1958 and retired 1971. Radusch died on 29 July 1988 in Nordstrand, West Germany.

Early life and career

Radusch, the son of a middle school director, was born on 11 November 1912 in Schwetz, present-day Świecie in northern Poland, at the time in West Prussia within the German Empire. While at school, he learned to fly glider aircraft. In April 1931, Radusch began his pilot training at the ''Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule'' (DVS—German Air Transport School) at Schleißheim.

The DVS was headed by Carl Bolle, a World War I fighter pilot, and his flight instructor was Wilhelm Stör, another World War I fighter pilot. He and 29 other trainees were part of ''Kameradschaft'' 31 (camaraderie of 1931), abbreviated "K 31". Among the members of "K 31" were future Luftwaffe staff officers Bernd von Brauchitsch, Wolfgang Falck, Günther Lützow, Ralph von Rettberg and Hannes Trautloft. Radusch graduated from the DVS on 19 February 1932. Radusch and nine others, among them Lützow, Falck and Trautloft, were recommended for training at the Lipetsk fighter-pilot school in the Soviet Russia. Following his return from flight training, Radusch joined 4. (''Preußisches'') ''Infanterie-Regiment'' (4th (Prussian) Infantry Regiment), in Schwerin. There he completed his basic training, attended the '' Kriegsschule'' (war school) in Dresden, and was promoted to ''Leutnant'' (second lieutenant) on 1 October 1934. In 1935, he officially transferred to the newly formed Luftwaffe, at first serving as a fighter pilot instructor at Schleißheim, and was then assigned to the III. '' Gruppe'' (3rd group) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 134 "Horst Wessel". III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 134 was formed on 4 January 1936 at Döberitz under the command of ''Major'' Oskar Dinort. The ''Gruppe'' was initially equipped with the Heinkel He 51 A-1. On 24 February, the unit was ordered to Lippstadt Airfield and participated in the remilitarisation of the Rhineland.

He was sent to Spain as part of the Condor Legion in October 1936. He claimed his only aerial victory in the Spanish Civil War on 22 April 1937. Together with fellow pilot Franz Heilmayer of 2. '' Staffel'' (2nd squadron) of ''Jagdgruppe'' 88 they each claimed one Polikarpov I-15 shot down, one of which was flown by Felipe del Río Crespo, a seven victory flying ace. Radusch also tested the Heinkel He 112 under combat conditions in Spain. For his services in Spain, he received the Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords (). In 1939, Radusch served on the staff of the ''Inspekteur der Jagdflieger'', an organization within the Luftwaffe responsible for the readiness, training and tactics of the fighter force.

World War II

On Friday 1 September 1939, German forces invaded Poland starting World War II in Europe. Radusch flew the Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter during the Norwegian campaign and during the Battle of France. On the night of 30 April and 1 May, 50 Royal Air Force (RAF) Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, Vickers Wellington and Handley Page Hampden bombers attacked Luftwaffe airfields in Norway. Radusch, Falck, ''Oberleutnant'' Werner Streib, and another pilot, followed the bombers shortly before sunup on their flight back to England. The pilots attacked the bombers without claiming any aerial victories. Radusch Bf 110 sustained combat damage in the encounter, numerous bullet holes were counted following his landing at Aalborg. On 1 June, he was appointed ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 2. ''Staffel'' of ''Zerstörergeschwader'' 1 (ZG 1—1st Destroyer Wing), a squadron of I. ''Gruppe'' under the command of his "K 31" comrade Falck. On 22 June 1940, ''General der Flieger'' Albert Kesselring called Falck that Hermann Göring, commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, had tasked him with the creation of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). In consequence, I. ''Gruppe'' of ZG 1 became the I. ''Gruppe'' of NJG 1.

Night fighter career

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, bombing missions by the RAF shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign. By mid-1940, ''Generalmajor'' (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector, named a ''Himmelbett'' (canopy bed), would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the ''Lichtenstein'' radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.

On 1 July 1940, Radusch was appointed ''Gruppenkommandeur'' (group commander) of I. ''Gruppe'' of NJG 1. Already on 7 October 1940, he was appointed commander of I. ''Gruppe'' of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 3 (NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing), a position he held until 2 October 1941. Radusch claimed his first nocturnal aerial victory on 10 April 1941 when he shot down a Wellington bomber southwest Papenburg.

Wing commander

On 2 August 1943, Radusch was appointed ''Geschwaderkommodore'' (wing commande) of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 5 (NJG 5—5th Night Fighter Wing), succeeding ''Major'' Fritz Schaffer in this capacity. On the night of 17/18 August, Bomber Command launched Operation Hydra, the attack on a German scientific research centre at Peenemünde. Defending against this attack, Radusch claimed three bombers shot down near Peenemünde, taking his total to 25 nocturnal aerial victories. For this, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 29 August.

Radusch was promoted to ''Oberstleutnant'' (lieutenant colonel) on 1 February 1944. On 21 January, ''Major'' Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, the commander of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing), had been killed in action. On 4 February, Radusch succeeded Sayn-Wittgenstein in command of NJG 2 while command of NJG 5 was passed on to ''Major'' Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld. Radusch shot down Halifax ''LV794'' from No. 78 Squadron on 26 February. Pilot Flight Lieutenant William Carruthers met Radusch afterwards and recalled how the German pilot him in good English that he had studied at Oxford University before the war before he handed him cigarettes and chocolate. Radusch departed after expressing his regrets at the loss of Carruthers' aircraft and crew.

He became the 444th recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () on 6 April 1944 after 58 nocturnal aerial victories. The presentation was made by Adolf Hitler at the Berghof, Hitler's residence in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps, on 5 May 1944. Also present at the ceremony were Anton Hafner, Otto Kittel, Günther Schack, Emil Lang, Alfred Grislawski, Erich Rudorffer, Martin Möbus, Wilhelm Herget, Hans-Karl Stepp, Rudolf Schoenert, Otto Pollmann and Fritz Breithaupt, who all received the Oak Leaves on this date.

On 7 October, Helmut Lent, the ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of NJG 3, died of wounds sustained in a flying accident the day before. Lent's state funeral was held in the Reich Chancellery, Berlin, on Wednesday 11 October 1944. Radusch, together with ''Oberstleutnant'' Hans-Joachim Jabs, ''Major'' Rudolf Schoenert, ''Hauptmann'' Heinz Strüning, ''Hauptmann'' Karl Hadeball and ''Hauptmann'' Paul Zorner, formed the guard of honour. On 12 November, Radusch succeeded Lent in command of NJG 3 which he led until the German surrender in May 1945. Radusch was promoted to ''Oberst'' (colonel) on 30 January 1945. He tested the Focke-Wulf Ta 154 as a night fighter aircraft in February but rejected it for its less than impressive performance.

Later life

On 1 September 1958, Radusch reentered military service in the ''Bundeswehr'' holding the rank of ''Oberst'' in the West German Air Force. Until March 1964, he commanded the flight school () at Landsberg-Lech Air Base. Radusch died on 29 July 1988 in Nordstrand.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Radusch was credited with 64 aerial victories during World War II.For a list of Luftwaffe night fighter aces see ''List of German World War II night fighter aces'' In total, he was credited with 65 aerial victories claimed in over 140 combat missions. He claimed one victory during the Spanish Civil War, the remaining 64 victories were all claimed at night and includes the destruction of 57 four-engine bombers. Foreman, Mathews and Parry, authors of ''Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945'', researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 64 nocturnal victory claims. Mathews and Foreman also published ''Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims'', listing Radusch with 65 claims, including one as a daytime fighter pilot in Spain.

Awards

* Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords (14 April 1939)
* Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 19 October 1942 as ''Major'' and ''Gruppenkommandeur''
* German Cross in Gold on 13 February 1943 as ''Major'' in the II./''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 3
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 29 August 1943 as ''Major'' and ''Gruppenkommandeur'' of the II./''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 3
** 444th Oak Leaves on 6 April 1944 as ''Oberstleutnant'' and ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 5

Notes

References

Citations

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External links

A disastrous night for Bomber Command, 19-20 February 1944

{{DEFAULTSORT:Radusch, Gunther
1912 births
1988 deaths
People from Åšwiecie
Military personnel from West Prussia
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Condor Legion personnel