Gârliciu is a commune in

Constanța County Constanța () is a Counties of Romania, county (județ) of Romania on the Bulgaria–Romania border, border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța. Demographics In 2021, it had a population of 655,997 ...

Northern Dobruja Northern Dobruja ( or simply ; , ''Severna Dobrudzha'') is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube, Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria. ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

, containing the village with the same name.

History

4.5 km south of Gârliciu is the site of the Roman

fort A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...

''Cius'' located in the

Roman province The Roman provinces (, pl. ) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as Roman g ...

Moesia Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; ) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River. As a Roman domain Moesia was administered at first by the governor of Noricum as 'Civitates of Moesia and Triballi ...

in the 1st century AD and part of the defensive frontier system of the

Limes Moesiae The Moesian Limes () is the modern term given to a linked series of Roman forts on the northern frontier of the Roman province of Moesia along the Danube between the Black Sea shore and Pannonia (present-day Hungary) and dating from the 1st cen ...

along the Danube. It was built on a hill at the end of a narrow peninsula parallel to the Danube, today on the north-east side of Hisarlâk lake, although the river is today more than 4.5 km north-westwards. There were two stone forts with ditch and ramparts, one within the other of approximately 85 x 60 m and 120 x 120 m respectively. The garrison of the early fort was ''cohors I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica'', until its movement upstream to Nigrinianis (later Candidiana). Reconstruction, ordered by emperor

Valens Valens (; ; 328 – 9 August 378) was Roman emperor from 364 to 378. Following a largely unremarkable military career, he was named co-emperor by his elder brother Valentinian I, who gave him the Byzantine Empire, eastern half of the Roman Em ...

, was done by ''milites primani'' headed by a ''tribunus Marcianus'' and a ''praepositus Ursicinus'', supervised by provincial governor Flavius Stercorius, as described in an oration by Themistios before the emperor at Constantinople in early 370. Cius is included in the

Itinerarium Antonini The Antonine Itinerary (, "Itinerary of the Emperor Antoninus") is an , a register of the stations and distances along various roads. Seemingly based on official documents, possibly in part from a survey carried out under Augustus, it describes t ...

, at 10000 feet from Carsium (Hârșova) and 14000 feet from Beroe (castrum) (Piatra Frecăței). Eastern Moesia 2

Demographics

At the 2011 census, Gârliciu had 1,511

Romanians Romanians (, ; dated Endonym and exonym, exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a Culture of Romania, ...

. No other ethnicities were recorded.Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune
2011 census results,

Institutul Național de Statistică The National Institute of Statistics (, INS) is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national statistics, in fields such as geography, the economy, demographics and society. The institute is also responsible for conduct ...

, accessed 17 February 2020.

References

Communes in Constanța County Localities in Northern Dobruja {{Constanța-geo-stub