Gyros

Gyros, sometimes anglicized as a gyro (; , ), is meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie, then sliced and served wrapped or stuffed in pita bread, along with other ingredients such as tomato, onion, fried potatoes, and tzatziki. In Greece, it is normally made with pork or sometimes with chicken, whilst ground beef and lamb are also used in other countries.

Name

The name comes from the Greek (, or ). It is a calque of the Turkish , from , also meaning .

In Greek, "" is a nominative singular noun, but the final 's' is often interpreted in English usage as plural, leading to the singular back-formation "gyro". The standard Greek and English pronunciation is . Some English speakers pronounce it , because the word is a heteronym of the related word " gyro".

In Athens and other parts of southern Greece, the skewered meat dish elsewhere called is known as , while is a term used generally for gyros, and similar dishes. In other regions, for example in Thessaloniki, only refers to the meat on the spit, and what English speakers refer to as a "gyros wrap" is called a ().

Similar dishes

Gyros is made in a similar manner to other dishes such as the Arab , Canadian donair, Mexican , and the Turkish .

History

Grilling a vertical spit of stacked meat and slicing it off as it cooks was developed in BursaKenneth F. Kiple, Kriemhild Coneè Ornelas, eds., ''Cambridge World History of Food'', Cambridge, 2000. . Vol. 2, p. 1147 in the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire. After the 1922–23 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Greeks brought their variation with them to Greece. Following World War II, gyros made with lamb (called shawarma) was present in Athens. It was likely introduced by immigrants from Anatolia and the Middle East. The Greek version is normally made with pork and served with tzatziki, and became known as gyros.Γιάκωβος Σ. Διζικιρικής, Να ξετουρκέψουμε τη γλώσσα μας 'Let Us De-Turkify our Language', Athens 1975, p. 62, proposes substituting for , but ''The New York Times'' was already using the word ''gyro'' in English in 1971 (4 Sept. 23/1) according to the ''OED'', 1993 online edition
''s.v.''
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By 1970, gyros wraps were already a popular fast food in Athens, as well as in Chicago and New York City. At that time, although vertical rotisseries were starting to be mass-produced in the US by Gyros Inc. of Chicago, the stacks of meat were still hand-made. There are several claimants to have introduced the first mass-produced gyros to the United States, all based in the Chicago area in the early 1970s, and of Greek descent. One of them, Peter Parthenis, has said that the mass-produced gyro was first conceptualized by John and Margaret Garlic; John Garlic was a Jewish car salesman who later ran a restaurant featuring live dolphins.

The Halifax donair in Canada which was based on the Greek gyros was invented in the 1970s by Peter Gamoulakos. Originally from Greece, he started selling Greek gyros (a pita stuffed with grilled lamb and tzatziki) from his restaurant located off the Bedford Highway.

Preparation

In Greece, gyros is normally made with pork, though other meats are used in other countries. Chicken is common, and lamb or beef may be found more rarely. Typical American mass-produced gyros are made with finely ground beef mixed with lamb.

For hand-made gyros, meat is cut into approximately round, thin, flat slices, which are then stacked on a spit and seasoned. Fat trimmings are usually interspersed. Spices may include cumin, oregano, thyme, rosemary, and others. The pieces of meat, in the shape of an inverted cone, are placed on a tall vertical rotisserie, which turns slowly in front of a source of heat or broiler. As the cone cooks, lower parts are basted with the juices running off the upper parts. The outside of the meat is sliced vertically in thin, crisp shavings when done.

The rate of roasting can be adjusted by varying the intensity of the heat, the distance between the heat and the meat, and the speed of spit rotation, thus allowing the cook to adjust for varying rates of consumption.

In Greece, it is customarily served in an oiled, lightly grilled piece of pita, rolled up with sliced tomatoes, chopped onions, lettuce (rarely), and fried potatoes, topped with tzatziki, or, sometimes in northern Greece, ketchup or mustard.

See also

* List of Greek dishes
* List of kebabs
* List of spit-roasted foods

References

External links

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{{Street food

Arab cuisine
Fast food
Flatbread dishes
Greek cuisine
Levantine cuisine
Meat dishes
Mediterranean cuisine
Middle Eastern grilled meats
National dishes
Sandwiches
Spit-cooked foods
Greek-American cuisine