''Gymnosporia'' is an

Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...

genus of

plant Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with c ...

s, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''

Maytenus ''Maytenus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Celastraceae. Members of the genus are distributed throughout Central America, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, Micronesia, and Australasia, the Indian Ocean and Africa. They gr ...

'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated branchlets) and spines, alternate leaves or fascicles of leaves, an inflorescence that forms a

dichasium In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis ( ped ...

, mostly unisexual flowers, and fruit forming a

dehiscent Dehiscence is the splitting of a mature plant structure along a built-in line of weakness to release its contents. This is common among fruits, anthers and sporangia. Sometimes this involves the complete detachment of a part. Structures that op ...

capsule, with an

aril An aril (), also called arillus, is a specialized outgrowth from a seed that partly or completely covers the seed. An arillode, or false aril, is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the seed to the ova ...

on the seed. It is

dioecious Dioecy ( ; ; adj. dioecious, ) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is ...

, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

Range

The genus occurs in all of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

and adjacent islands, southern

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

, the

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

, southern

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

, the

Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Geography of Taiwan, Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands (Ōsumi Islands, Ōsumi, Tokara Islands, Tokara and A ...

Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region ...

Micronesia Micronesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of approximately 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: Maritime Southeast Asia to the west, Poly ...

, and in

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

, Australia. In the

Afrotropical realm The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...

the two main centers of diversity are in the south and the northeast.

Species

The genus includes some 114 species: * '' Gymnosporia acuminata'' Hook.f. ex M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia addat'' Loes. – Ethiopia * ''

Gymnosporia alaternifolia ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bran ...

'' (Tul.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia annobonensis'' Loes. & Mildbr. * '' Gymnosporia arbutifolia'' (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia arenicola'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia austroyunnanensis'' (S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) M.P.Simmons * '' Gymnosporia bachmannii'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia bailadillana'' V.Naray. & Mooney * '' Gymnosporia baumii'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia benguelensis'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia beniensis'' Robyns & Lawalrée * ''

Gymnosporia berberoides ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bran ...

'' W.W.Sm. * '' Gymnosporia bonii'' Pit. * '' Gymnosporia brevipetala'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia buchananii'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia buxifolia'' (L.) Szyszyl. * '' Gymnosporia buxifolioides'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia capitata'' (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia cassinoides'' (L'Hér.) Masf. – Canary Islands * '' Gymnosporia chevalieri'' Tardieu * '' Gymnosporia commiphoroides'' H.Perrier * '' Gymnosporia confertiflora'' (J.Y.Luo & X.X.Chen) M.P.Simmons * '' Gymnosporia cortii'' Pic.Serm. * '' Gymnosporia crataegina'' Baker * '' Gymnosporia crenata'' (G.Forst.) Seem. * '' Gymnosporia cryptopetala'' Reyes-Bet. & A.Santos * '' Gymnosporia devenishii'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia dhofarensis'' (Sebsebe) Jordaan – Oman and Yemen * '' Gymnosporia divaricata'' Baker * '' Gymnosporia diversifolia'' Maxim. * '' Gymnosporia dongfangensis'' (F.W.Xing & X.S.Qin) M.P.Simmons * '' Gymnosporia drummondii'' (N.Robson & Sebsebe) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia dryandri'' (Lowe) Masf. * '' Gymnosporia elliptica'' (Thunb.) Schönland * '' Gymnosporia emarginata'' (Willd.) Thwaites * '' Gymnosporia engleriana'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia esquirolii'' (H.Lév.) H.Lév. * '' Gymnosporia falconeri'' M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia forsskaoliana'' (Sebsebe) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia fruticosa'' (Thwaites) Thwaites * '' Gymnosporia gariepensis'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia glaucophylla'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia gracilipes'' (Welw. ex Oliv.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia gracilis'' Loes. * ''

Gymnosporia grandifolia ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' (Davison) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia grossulariae'' (Tul.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia guangxiensis'' (C.Y.Cheng & W.L.Sha) M.P.Simmons * '' Gymnosporia gurueensis'' (N.Robson) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia hainanensis'' Merr. & Chun * '' Gymnosporia harenensis'' (Sebsebe) Jordaan – Ethiopia * '' Gymnosporia harlandii'' Hance * '' Gymnosporia harveyana'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia heterophylla'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia heyneana'' (Roth) M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia integrifolia'' (L.f.) Glover * '' Gymnosporia intermedia'' Chiov. * '' Gymnosporia jinyangensis'' (C.Y.Chang) Q.R.Liu & Funston * '' Gymnosporia keniensis'' (Loes.) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia leptopus'' (Tul.) Baker * '' Gymnosporia linearis'' (L.f.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia littoralis'' (Backer) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia livingstonei'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia macrocarpa'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia maranguensis'' (Loes.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia marcanii'' Craib * '' Gymnosporia markwardii'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia masindei'' (Gereau) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia matoboensis'' Jordaan * ''

Gymnosporia montana ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bran ...

'' (Roth) Benth. * ''

Gymnosporia mossambicensis ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' (Klotzsch) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia neglecta'' M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia nemorosa'' (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl. * '' Gymnosporia nguruensis'' (N.Robson & Sebsebe) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia nitida'' Merr. * '' Gymnosporia obbiadensis'' Chiov. * '' Gymnosporia obscura'' (A.Rich.) Loes. * ''

Gymnosporia orbiculata ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' (C.Y.Wu ex S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) Q.R.Liu & * '' Gymnosporia ovata'' (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia oxycarpa'' (N.Robson) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia pallida'' Collett & Hemsl. * '' Gymnosporia parviflora'' (Vahl) Chiov. * '' Gymnosporia pertinax'' (N.Hallé & J.Florence) M.P.Simmons –

Rapa Iti Rapa, also called Rapa Iti, or "Little Rapa", to distinguish it from Easter Island, whose Polynesian name is Rapa Nui, is the largest and only inhabited island of the Bass Islands in French Polynesia. An older name for the island is Oparo. Th ...

* '' Gymnosporia polyacanthus'' Szyszyl. * '' Gymnosporia puberula'' M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia pubescens'' (N.Robson) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia punctata'' (Sebsebe) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia putterlickioides'' Loes. * '' Gymnosporia pyria'' (Willemet) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia richardsiae'' (N.Robson & Sebsebe) Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia rothiana'' (Walp.) M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia royleana'' Wall. ex M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia rubra'' (Harv.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia rufa'' (Wall.) Hook.f. * ''

Gymnosporia salicifolia ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia schliebenii'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia senegalensis'' (Lam.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia serrata'' (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia sikkimensis'' Prain * ''

Gymnosporia somalensis ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' Loes. * ''

Gymnosporia spinosa ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe * '' Gymnosporia stylosa'' Pierre – Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia * '' Gymnosporia swazica'' Jordaan * '' Gymnosporia tenuispina'' (Sond.) Szyszyl. * '' Gymnosporia thompsonii'' Merr. – Mariana & Caroline Islands * '' Gymnosporia thomsonii'' Kurz * '' Gymnosporia thyrsiflora'' (S.J.Pei & Y.H.Li) W.B.Yu & D.Z.Li * '' Gymnosporia tiaoloshanensis'' Chun & F.C.How * '' Gymnosporia trilocularis'' Hayata * '' Gymnosporia uniflora'' Davison * '' Gymnosporia vanwykii'' (R.H.Archer) Jordaan * ''

Gymnosporia variabilis ''Gymnosporia'' is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with ''Maytenus'', but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated bra ...

'' (Hemsl.) Loes. * '' Gymnosporia wallichiana'' (Spreng.) M.A.Lawson * '' Gymnosporia woodii'' Szyszyl.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3643320 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Celastrales genera Taxa named by Robert Wight Dioecious plants Paleotropical flora