''Gymnopus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fungus
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Omphalotaceae
The Omphalotaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order (biology), order Agaricales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are most frequently agarics (gilled mushrooms), but occasionally corticioid (in the genus ''Brunneocorticium'') or por ...
. The genus has a widespread,
cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...
and contains about 300 species.
History and classification
The
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
for ''Gymnopus'', ''
Gymnopus fusipes
''Gymnopus fusipes'' (formerly often called ''Collybia fusipes'') is a parasitic species of gilled mushroom which is quite common in Europe and often grows in large clumps. It is variable but easy to recognize because the stipe soon becomes di ...
,'' dates back to 1806
Roussel">Pers.) Henri François Anne de Roussel">Roussel Many of the species now classified in the ''Gymnopus'' genera were once assigned to ''Collybia''. In 1997 it was suggested that the genus ''Collybia'' be split into three genera, one of them being Gymnopus.
Description
In general, ''Gymnopus'' Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting bodies are found in leaf and woody litter. Typically the fruiting bodies are relatively small and range from browns to white in color.
Their
Spore print, spore deposit is white. Most species of gymnopus act as decomposers (
saprotrophic
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi ...
). With one known exception (
G. subnudus), the
mating patterns of gymnopus all seem to be bifactorial, meaning that there is more than one
locus responsible for regulating mating compatibility.
Representative species
*''
Gymnopus dryophilus
''Gymnopus dryophilus'' is a species of mushroom, until recently most frequently known as ''Collybia dryophila''. It belongs to section ''Levipedes'' of the genus, being characterized by a smooth stipe (mycology), stem having no hairs at the base ...
''
*''
Gymnopus fusipes
''Gymnopus fusipes'' (formerly often called ''Collybia fusipes'') is a parasitic species of gilled mushroom which is quite common in Europe and often grows in large clumps. It is variable but easy to recognize because the stipe soon becomes di ...
''
*''
Gymnopus peronatus
''Collybiopsis peronata'', also known as wood woolly-foot, is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods.
Naming
This species was originally described by James Bolton in his 1788 book "An history of fungusses, growing abou ...
''
*''
Gymnopus semihirtipes
''Gymnopus'' is a genus of fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. The genus has a widespread, cosmopolitan distribution and contains about 300 species.
History and classification
The type species for ''Gymnopus'', '' Gymnopus fusipes,'' dates ba ...
''
*''
Gymnopus quercophilus''
References
Further reading
*
Omphalotaceae
Agaricales genera
{{Agaricales-stub