''Gymnopilus braendlei'' is a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

agaric An agaric () is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool) ...

fungus in the family

Hymenogastraceae The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus '' Psilo ...

that contains the

hallucinogens Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mo ...

psilocybin Psilocybin, also known as 4-phosphoryloxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (4-PO-DMT), is a natural product, naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug found in more than List of psilocybin mushroom ...

and

psilocin Psilocin, also known as 4-hydroxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (4-HO-DMT), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocy ...

. (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto) It was originally described by mycologist

Charles Horton Peck Charles Horton Peck (March 30, 1833 – July 11, 1917) was an American mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the New York State Botanist from 1867 to 1915, a period in which he described over 2,700 species of North American fu ...

as ''Flammula braendlei'', from specimens found in the

District of Columbia Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and Federal district of the United States, federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from ...

in 1902.

Description

* Pileus: 2.5–5 cm, hemispheric becoming convex, sometimes slightly umbilicate,

hygrophanous The adjective hygrophanous refers to the color change of mushroom tissue (especially the pileus surface) as it loses or absorbs water, which causes the pileipellis The pileipellis is the uppermost layer of hyphae in the pileus of a fungal fr ...

, purplish when young then pinkish and lighter towards the margin, becoming yellowish in age with greenish stains, fibrillose, sometimes

squamulose A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called . If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex) ...

toward the center, flesh whitish, thin, staining greenish. *Gills: Adnate, sometimes slightly sinuate in attachment, broad, close, whitish when young, becoming bright orangish brown to mustard yellow, becoming bright orangish brown in age. *Spore print: Orangish brown. * Stipe: 2.5–4 cm x 3–4 cm thick, more or less equal, pallid, sometimes yellowish at the base, fibrillose above, stuffed or hollow, veil fibrillose, sometimes leaving a silky zone but not forming an annulus. *Taste: Bitter *Microscopic features: Spores 6 x 8.5 x 4.5—5

μm The micrometre (Commonwealth English as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System ...

ellipsoid to ovoid in face view,

dextrinoid In mycology a tissue or feature is said to be amyloid if it has a positive amyloid reaction when subjected to a crude chemical test using iodine as an ingredient of either Melzer's reagent or Lugol's solution, producing a blue to blue-black staini ...

, verruculose, no germ pore. Pleurocystidia 22—33 x 6—7

, cheilocystidia 20—34 x 3—7

, no caulocystidia,

clamp connection A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of basidiomycete fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rece ...

s present. *Bruising: Green or blue bruising at the base or on the pileus, and green spots on pileus likely.

Distribution and habitat

''Gymnopilus braendlei'' is found growing solitary or cespitose on tree stumps from June to November. It is widespread in the eastern U.S, and present in the western U.S.

References

*Peck CH. (1904). New species of fungi. ''Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club'' 31(4): 177–182. * Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus. New York: Hafner. 117 pp. {{Taxonbar, from=Q5624734 braendlei Entheogens Psychoactive fungi Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Fungi of the United States Fungi described in 1904 Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck Fungus species

Description

Distribution and habitat

See also

References