Gwangju Castle () was a

Joseon Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...

-period castle in

Gwangju Gwangju (; ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's list of cities in South Korea, sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated Special cities of South Korea, metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home ...

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

(present-day

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...

). According to the ''Gwangju Eupji'' () published in 1879, it was made of stone. It was 8253 in circumference and 9 (m?) in height.

Design

The castle had four gates: Seowon Gate on the east side, Gwangni Gate on the west, Jinnam Gate on the south and Gongbuk Gate on the north.

History

The first record of Gwangju Castle appears in the geography of Sejong Shilok, where it says 'Castle is built, it has a circumference of 972 steps', but no specific information (such as when the building was built) was given. However, because the fortress was built in Naju and Boseong in preparation for the invasion of the Joseon dynasty, the city of Gwangju is presumed to have been built in the early 15th century.

Destruction

After the

Korean Empire The Korean Empire, officially the Empire of Korea or Imperial Korea, was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by King Gojong of the Joseon dynasty. The empire lasted until the Japanese annexation of Korea in August 1910. Dur ...

was established in 1897, Gwangju began to modernize. The government-owned buildings located in Gwangju during the period were used as post offices (passway through Seomun Tongan) and hospitals (Seo Gi-cheong). The Gwangju City Wall, which is believed to have been the center of Gwangju for at least 500 years, gradually disappeared. Most think that the Government-General of Korea began to demolish the wall in 1907, but some believe it had collapsed before that. The '' Hwangsŏng Shinmun'', published on January 23, 1910, right before the Korea-Japan bombing, reported, "An observer of the province has filed an internal petition for the use of civil materials that tore up the walls and gate of Gwangju." Numerous buildings in Gwangju Castle are believed to have been dismantled by the Japanese during this period.

Symbolism

Although nothing remains of Gwangju Castle, a reproduction of its stone wall is located at the National Asian Culture Hall in

Gyeongju Gyeongju (, ), historically known as Seorabeol (, ), is a coastal city in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is the second largest city by area in the province after Andong, covering with a population of ...

. This stone wall is a replica of the Jinnam Gate, the former south gate. The 999-kan, one of the Gwangju Folly, was originally located in Gongbuk-mun, a north gate, and the piece replaces the gate. The gate-shaped sculpture located in front of the old back gate of Jeonnam Girls' High School symbolizes Seowon Gate, the same gate. It is meant to symbolically receive the auspicious energy of the east. Gwangrimun Gate, the preface to the location of the work "Currentization of Memory," is located in the middle of the Colbox intersection floor. The work appears to name the four gates along the outline of Castle. The word ''Gwangnimun'' means "to wish for all kinds of things" and "to the west of Gwangju and Gwangsan".

References

Cyber Gwangju Eupsung()

National cultural heritage portal(In korea)()
* * {{WikidataCoord, display=title Castles in Korea History of Gwangju Former buildings and structures in South Korea