Gustav Abb (23 February 1886 in
Berlin
Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...
– 28 April 1945) was a
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
Nazi librarian.
Career
Abb was the son of Wilhelm Abb, a
Geheimrat
''Geheimrat'' was the title of the highest advising officials at the Imperial, royal or princely courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the ''Geheimer Rat'' reporting to the ruler. The term remained in use during subsequent monarchic r ...
, one of the highest of ranking officials in the Imperial Court of the Holy Roman Empire. Abb studied history, German Studies, and philosophy at
Freiburg im Breisgau
Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population of about 230,000 (as o ...
and Berlin. He went
Gustav Abb received his doctorate in 1911 from the
Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, now known as the
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin (german: link=no, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public university, public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.
The university was established ...
. His thesis was written on the history of the
Chorin
Chorin () is a municipality in the district of Barnim in Brandenburg, Germany. It is most famous for its cloister and for being situated within the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve. It is famous for its medieval Brick Gothic
Brick ...
Cloisters (Geschichte des Klosters Chorin) in Brandenburg. That same year, he began working as a trainee at the Greifswald University Library. He went on to become an assistant at Göttingen State and University Library.
From 1921 to 1925 he was Chairman of the Prussian Library Affairs Advisory Council. In 1923 he became library director of the
Prussian State Library.
He joined the
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t ...
in 1933 after the party's rise to power and in 1935 he became director of the University Library in Berlin.
[Ernst Klee: ''Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945''. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 9.]
From 1937 he was chairman of the
Association of German Librarians (VDB). In the year after the
Anschluss
The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the Nazi Germany, German Reich on 13 March 1938.
The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "Ger ...
, on 30 May 1939 he declared in the opening speech at the annual meeting of the VDB in
Graz
Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popu ...
, paying homage to
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
, he praised him as the creator and expander of the German Reich.
[Vollständiges Zitat bei Ernst Klee, ''Kulturlexikon'', S. 9.]
During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, Abb was given the rank of
SS-Sturmbannführer and deployed in July 1940 as head of the central administration of the libraries (Leiter der Hauptverwaltung der Bibliotheken) in occupied Poland. He was also a member of the
Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg
The Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce (german: Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg or ''ERR'') was a Nazi Party organization dedicated to appropriating cultural property during the Second World War. It was led by the chief ideologue of the Nazi Par ...
. After the German attack and invasion on the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
in 1941, he was made commissioner for the protection of libraries in the
ERR, an organization responsible for looting libraries and archives.
“…From the very beginning of the establishment of the Staatsbibliothek Krakau, special importance was given to materials related to the
natural sciences,
mathematics,
geography
Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, a ...
and
medicine
Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, and Health promotion ...
. In the fiscal year 1940-1941, the amount of money spent on book purchases was surpringly high.” The Germans recognized the value of the scientific collection, and from 1941 through 1944, 35,599 books were borrowed by 2,621 patrons, mostly German civil servants and military personnel. Polish civilians were not allowed access to the library during the occupation. Gustav Abb, the German overseer of libraries, decided to send much of the reference collection to Germany in 1944. “Abb decided to send the major part of the reference collection, as well as most of the books bought by the Staatsbibliothek to Germany (altogether about 25,000 volumes).
olishLibrarians, charged with the task of filling boxes with books, tried to sabotage Abb’s orders. They hid a large number of books and stuffed boxes with old newspapers. Despite those heroic efforts to save the collection, the Germans were still able to send a great number of books to
Adelsdorf (Adelin) in
Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is spli ...
. After the war, the library was able to recover most of the books that Abb had evacuated from the library.” Later in the war, the main reading room was used as sleeping quarters for German soldiers, and other parts of the library were used as a hospital for Germans.
[Sroka, Marek, 1999, “The University of Cracow Library under Nazi Occupation: 1939-1945.” Libraries & Culture v. 34 no 1 (Winter 1999) pages 5, 6 and 7.]
He was killed in 1945.
In the
Soviet Zone of Occupation
The Soviet Occupation Zone ( or german: Ostzone, label=none, "East Zone"; , ''Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii'', "Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany") was an area of Germany in Central Europe that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a c ...
, his primary book in
Library Science
Library science (often termed library studies, bibliothecography, and library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and ...
, the Scientific Librarian (Der wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar), was proscribed.
Publications
* Abb, Gustav. Aus fünfzig Jahren deutscher Wissenschaft. Die Entwicklung ihrer Fachgebiete in Einzeldarstellungen. Edited by Gustav Abb. Berlin, DE Gryuter, 1930.
* Abb, Gustav, Georg Leyh, and Fritz Milkau. 1933. Bibliotheksverwaltung: bearb. von Gustav Abb. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
* Abb, Gustav, and Gottfried Wentz. 1929. Das Bistum Brandenburg. Berlin: De Gruyter. "Fotomechanischer Nachdruck 1963." Description: 416 p. 26 cm. Series Title: Germania Sacra., 1. Abt.; Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg, 1.
* Abb, Gustav. 1928. Von Büchern und Bibliotheken: dem ersten Direktor der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek geheimen Regierungsrat dr. phil. Ernst Kuhnert als Abschiedsgabe dargebracht von seinen Freunden und Mitarbeitern. Berlin: Verlag von Struppe & Winckler.
* Abb, Gustav. 1911
Geschichte des Klosters Chorin Berlin:
. Warneck "Diese Arbeit erscheint ausserdem im Jahrbuch fur brandenburgische Kurchengeschichte, Jahrgang 7 u. 8, hrsg. von Nikolaus Müller, und als Sonderdruck im Kommissionsverlag von Martin Warneck, Berlin."
* Abb, Gustav. 1926. Schleiermachers Reglement für die Königliche Bibliothek zu Berlin vom Jahre 1813: und seine Vorgeschichte. Berlin: M. Breslauer. "Dem scheidenden Generaldirektor ... Fritz Milkau dargebracht von der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek." Dedication signed: Kuhnert.
* Abb, Gustav. 1934. Fritz Milkau zum Gedächtnis; Ansprachen, Vorträge und Verzeichnis seiner Schriften. Leipzig: O. Harrassowitz. Description: 3 p. L., 9-
5p. front. (port.). Contents: Ansprachen bei der trauerfeier am 29, januar 1934, von E. Seeberg, II. A. Krüss und G. Leyh.--Vorträge bei der gedenkfeier am 27, februar 1934 : Einleitende worte, von II. A. Krüss. Persönliche erinnerungen an Milkau, von F. Schmidt-Ott. Milkau als mensch und biblothekar, von E. Kuhnert. Milkan als kommissar für die belgischen bibliotheken und als bibliotheksdirektor in Breslau, von R. Oehler. Milkau als lehrer, von N. Fischer. Milkaus literarisches lebenswerk, von G. Abb. Verzelchnis der schriften Milkaus, zusammengestelit von C. Balcke.
* Abb, Gustav. 1932. Vom deutschen und vom internationalen Leihverkehr
ortr. erlin NW 7, Unter d. Linden 38 ir. G. Abb Aus: Atti del 1. Congresso mondiale delle Biblioteche e di Bibliografia. Roma-Venezia 15-30 giugno 1929. Vol. 5.
* Abb, Gustav. 1937. Die Einführung der täglichen Ausleihe in der Berliner Kgl. Bibliothek.
erlin Erlin may refer to:
Places
*Erlin, Changhua, a township in Taiwan
* Erlin, Ohio, an unincorporated community in the United States
People
*Robbie Erlin
Robert Joseph Erlin (born October 8, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher w ...
. n. Aus: Mélanges offerts à M. Marcel Godet.
* Abb, Gustav, Fritz Milkau, and Friedrich Schleiermacher. 1926. Schleiermachers Reglement für die Königliche Bibliothek zu Berlin vom Jahre 1813 und seine Vorgeschichte: dem scheidenden Generaldirektor geheimen Regierungsrat Fritz Milkau dargebracht von der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek. Berlin: Breslauer. Der Druck erfolgte für Martin Breslauer in Berlin durch Oskar Bonde in Altenburg im Jahre 1925. Es wurden 330 gezählte Abzüge hergestellt, davon Nr. 1–30 in einer Vorzugsausgabe auf Japanpapier.
* Abb, Gustav. 1939. Der wissenschafltiche Bibliothekar. Series Title: Die akademischen Berufe. Responsibility: hrsg. vom Akad. Auskunstsamt Berlin in Verb. mit d. Amt f. Berufserziehung und Betriebsführung in d. Dt. Arbeitsfront.
ustav Abb
* Milkau, Fritz, Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Gustav Abb, Aloys Bömer, and Friedrich Bräuninger. n.d. Handbuch der Bibliothekswissenschaft 0. Besitzerspezifische Fußnote. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.
* Abb, Gustav. 1931. Die Bedeutung der Photocopie für die Staatsbibliothek.
erlin SW 61 hoto Copie (Ausz. aus e. Rede, anl. d. Pressebesichtigg d. Abt. Photocopie).
* Abb, Gustav. 1927. Die Preußische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin 1927.
. l. . n.
* Abb, Gustav. 1937. Wu shi nian lai de Deguo xue shu. 五十年來的德國學術. Shanghai: Shang wu yin shu guan
China Maxx
See also
*
List of Nazi Party members
A list of notable people who were at some point followers of the ideology of Nazism or affiliated with the Nazi Party. This is not meant to be a list of every person who was ever a member of the Nazi Party. This is a list of notable figures who ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abb, Gustav
1886 births
1945 deaths
People from Berlin
Nazi Party members
German librarians
Biography articles needing translation from German Wikipedia
SS-Sturmbannführer
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni