Gustav Abb
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Gustav Abb (23 February 1886 in
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
– 28 April 1945) was a
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
Nazi librarian.


Career

Abb was the son of Wilhelm Abb, a
Geheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the imperial, royal, or princely courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the ''Geheimer Rat'' reporting to the ruler. The term remained in use during subsequent monarchic reigns in Ge ...
, one of the highest of ranking officials in the Imperial Court of the Holy Roman Empire. Abb studied history, German Studies, and philosophy at
Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau or simply Freiburg is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Its built-up area has a population of abou ...
and Berlin. He received his doctorate in 1911 from the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, now known as the
Humboldt University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...
. His thesis was written on the history of the
Chorin Chorin () is a municipality in the district of Barnim in Brandenburg, Germany. It is most famous for its cloister and for being situated within the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve. It is famous for its medieval Brick Gothic Chorin Abbey and ...
Cloisters (Geschichte des Klosters Chorin) in Brandenburg. That same year, he began working as a trainee at the Greifswald University Library. He went on to become an assistant at Göttingen State and University Library. From 1921 to 1925 he was Chairman of the Prussian Library Affairs Advisory Council. In 1923 he became library director of the
Prussian State Library The Berlin State Library (; officially abbreviated as ''SBB'', colloquially ''Stabi'') is a universal library in Berlin, Germany, and a property of the German public cultural organization the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (). Founded i ...
. He joined the
Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...
in 1933 after the party's rise to power and in 1935 he became director of the University Library in Berlin.Ernst Klee: ''Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945''. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 9. From 1937 he was chairman of the Association of German Librarians (VDB). In the year after the
Anschluss The (, or , ), also known as the (, ), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "German Question, Greater Germany") arose after t ...
, on 30 May 1939 he declared in the opening speech at the annual meeting of the VDB in
Graz Graz () is the capital of the Austrian Federal states of Austria, federal state of Styria and the List of cities and towns in Austria, second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna. On 1 January 2025, Graz had a population of 306,068 (343,461 inc ...
, paying homage to
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
, he praised him as the creator and expander of the German Reich.Vollständiges Zitat bei Ernst Klee, ''Kulturlexikon'', S. 9. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, Abb was given the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer and deployed in July 1940 as head of the central administration of the libraries (Leiter der Hauptverwaltung der Bibliotheken) in occupied Poland. He was also a member of the
Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg The Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce ( or ''ERR'') was a Nazi Party organization dedicated to appropriating cultural property during the Second World War. It was led by the chief ideologue of the Nazi Party, Alfred Rosenberg, from within the NSD ...
. After the German attack and invasion on the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
in 1941, he was made commissioner for the protection of libraries in the
ERR Err is the verb form of error. Err, err or ERR may refer to: Geography * Err, Pyrénées-Orientales, a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France * Errachidia Province, Morocco, by ISO 3166-2:MA code * Piz d'Err, a mountain in the A ...
, an organization responsible for looting libraries and archives. “…From the very beginning of the establishment of the Staatsbibliothek Krakau, special importance was given to materials related to the
natural science Natural science or empirical science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer ...
s,
mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
,
geography Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding o ...
and
medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...
. In the fiscal year 1940-1941, the amount of money spent on book purchases was surpringly high.” The Germans recognized the value of the scientific collection, and from 1941 through 1944, 35,599 books were borrowed by 2,621 patrons, mostly German civil servants and military personnel. Polish civilians were not allowed access to the library during the occupation. Gustav Abb, the German overseer of libraries, decided to send much of the reference collection to Germany in 1944. “Abb decided to send the major part of the reference collection, as well as most of the books bought by the Staatsbibliothek to Germany (altogether about 25,000 volumes). olishLibrarians, charged with the task of filling boxes with books, tried to sabotage Abb’s orders. They hid a large number of books and stuffed boxes with old newspapers. Despite those heroic efforts to save the collection, the Germans were still able to send a great number of books to Adelsdorf (Adelin) in
Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...
. After the war, the library was able to recover most of the books that Abb had evacuated from the library.” Later in the war, the main reading room was used as sleeping quarters for German soldiers, and other parts of the library were used as a hospital for Germans.Sroka, Marek, 1999, “The University of Cracow Library under Nazi Occupation: 1939-1945.” Libraries & Culture v. 34 no 1 (Winter 1999) pages 5, 6 and 7. He was killed in 1945. In the
Soviet Zone of Occupation The Soviet occupation zone in Germany ( or , ; ) was an area of Germany that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a communist area, established as a result of the Potsdam Agreement on 2 August 1945. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republ ...
, his primary book in
Library Science Library and information science (LIS)Library and Information Sciences is the name used in the Dewey Decimal Classification for class 20 from the 18th edition (1971) to the 22nd edition (2003). are two interconnected disciplines that deal with info ...
, the Scientific Librarian (Der wissenschaftliche Bibliothekar), was proscribed.


Publications

* Abb, Gustav. Aus fünfzig Jahren deutscher Wissenschaft. Die Entwicklung ihrer Fachgebiete in Einzeldarstellungen. Edited by Gustav Abb. Berlin, DE Gryuter, 1930. * Abb, Gustav, Georg Leyh, and Fritz Milkau. 1933. Bibliotheksverwaltung: bearb. von Gustav Abb. Leipzig: Harrassowitz. * Abb, Gustav, and Gottfried Wentz. 1929. Das Bistum Brandenburg. Berlin: De Gruyter. "Fotomechanischer Nachdruck 1963." Description: 416 p. 26 cm. Series Title: Germania Sacra., 1. Abt.; Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg, 1. * Abb, Gustav. 1928. Von Büchern und Bibliotheken: dem ersten Direktor der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek geheimen Regierungsrat dr. phil. Ernst Kuhnert als Abschiedsgabe dargebracht von seinen Freunden und Mitarbeitern. Berlin: Verlag von Struppe & Winckler. * Abb, Gustav. 1911
Geschichte des Klosters Chorin
Berlin: . Warneck "Diese Arbeit erscheint ausserdem im Jahrbuch fur brandenburgische Kurchengeschichte, Jahrgang 7 u. 8, hrsg. von Nikolaus Müller, und als Sonderdruck im Kommissionsverlag von Martin Warneck, Berlin." * Abb, Gustav. 1926. Schleiermachers Reglement für die Königliche Bibliothek zu Berlin vom Jahre 1813: und seine Vorgeschichte. Berlin: M. Breslauer. "Dem scheidenden Generaldirektor ... Fritz Milkau dargebracht von der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek." Dedication signed: Kuhnert. * Abb, Gustav. 1934. Fritz Milkau zum Gedächtnis; Ansprachen, Vorträge und Verzeichnis seiner Schriften. Leipzig: O. Harrassowitz. Description: 3 p. L., 9- 5p. front. (port.). Contents: Ansprachen bei der trauerfeier am 29, januar 1934, von E. Seeberg, II. A. Krüss und G. Leyh.--Vorträge bei der gedenkfeier am 27, februar 1934 : Einleitende worte, von II. A. Krüss. Persönliche erinnerungen an Milkau, von F. Schmidt-Ott. Milkau als mensch und biblothekar, von E. Kuhnert. Milkan als kommissar für die belgischen bibliotheken und als bibliotheksdirektor in Breslau, von R. Oehler. Milkau als lehrer, von N. Fischer. Milkaus literarisches lebenswerk, von G. Abb. Verzelchnis der schriften Milkaus, zusammengestelit von C. Balcke. * Abb, Gustav. 1932. Vom deutschen und vom internationalen Leihverkehr ortr. erlin NW 7, Unter d. Linden 38 ir. G. Abb Aus: Atti del 1. Congresso mondiale delle Biblioteche e di Bibliografia. Roma-Venezia 15-30 giugno 1929. Vol. 5. * Abb, Gustav. 1937. Die Einführung der täglichen Ausleihe in der Berliner Kgl. Bibliothek.
erlin Erlin may refer to: Places *Erlin, Changhua, a township in Taiwan * Erlin, Ohio, an unincorporated community in the United States People *Robbie Erlin Robert Joseph Erlin (born October 8, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher w ...
. n. Aus: Mélanges offerts à M. Marcel Godet. * Abb, Gustav, Fritz Milkau, and Friedrich Schleiermacher. 1926. Schleiermachers Reglement für die Königliche Bibliothek zu Berlin vom Jahre 1813 und seine Vorgeschichte: dem scheidenden Generaldirektor geheimen Regierungsrat Fritz Milkau dargebracht von der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek. Berlin: Breslauer. Der Druck erfolgte für Martin Breslauer in Berlin durch Oskar Bonde in Altenburg im Jahre 1925. Es wurden 330 gezählte Abzüge hergestellt, davon Nr. 1–30 in einer Vorzugsausgabe auf Japanpapier. * Abb, Gustav. 1939. Der wissenschafltiche Bibliothekar. Series Title: Die akademischen Berufe. Responsibility: hrsg. vom Akad. Auskunstsamt Berlin in Verb. mit d. Amt f. Berufserziehung und Betriebsführung in d. Dt. Arbeitsfront. ustav Abb * Milkau, Fritz, Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Gustav Abb, Aloys Bömer, and Friedrich Bräuninger. n.d. Handbuch der Bibliothekswissenschaft 0. Besitzerspezifische Fußnote. Leipzig: Harrassowitz. * Abb, Gustav. 1931. Die Bedeutung der Photocopie für die Staatsbibliothek. erlin SW 61 hoto Copie (Ausz. aus e. Rede, anl. d. Pressebesichtigg d. Abt. Photocopie). * Abb, Gustav. 1927. Die Preußische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin 1927. . l. . n. * Abb, Gustav. 1937. Wu shi nian lai de Deguo xue shu. 五十年來的德國學術. Shanghai: Shang wu yin shu guan
China Maxx


See also

*
List of Nazi Party members A list of notable people who were at some point followers of the ideology of Nazism or affiliated with the Nazi Party. This is not meant to be a list of every person who was ever a member of the Nazi Party. This is a list of notable figures who ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abb, Gustav 1886 births 1945 deaths People from Berlin Nazi Party members 20th-century German librarians Biography articles needing translation from German Wikipedia SS-Sturmbannführer Humboldt University of Berlin alumni German casualties of World War II