Mount Halimun Salak National Park is a 400 km² conservation area in the

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

n province of

West Java West Java (, ) is an Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten and the country's capital region of Jakarta to t ...

on the island of

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

. Established in 1992, the park comprises two mountains,

Mount Salak Mount Salak (, ) is an eroded volcano in West Java, Indonesia. It has several satellite cones on its southeast flank and the northern foot, along with two additional craters at the summit. Mount Salak has been evaluated for geothermal power d ...

and

Mount Halimun Mount Halimun () is a mountain in the island of Java, Indonesia. It is protected by the Mount Halimun Salak National Park. It is Banten's highest point. Location Mount Halimun is in the volcanic belt of the Bandung Zone. It is a stratovolcano ...

with an 11-kilometer forest corridor. It is located near the better known Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, but the national park should be accessed from

Sukabumi Sukabumi () is a landlocked city surrounded by the Sukabumi Regency, regency of the same name (within which it is an enclave and exclave, enclave) in the southern foothills of Mount Gede, in West Java, Indonesia, about south of the national ca ...

, 2 hours drive to the administration post and then 2 hours drive (30 kilometers) again to Cikaniki post gate. The park contains water catchment areas shielded from urban populations and agricultural areas to the north, as well as several endangered animals and rare birds.

Geography

Its mountain tops reach 1,929 metres and are often mist-shrouded, while its valleys are thought to hide much that remains to be discovered.

is a critical water catchment area for its very high rainfall. The park is an amalgamation of two important ecosystems at Halimun and Mount Salak, connected by an 11-kilometer forest corridor.

Communities in the park

The Kesepuhan traditional community is a group of around 5,300 people living in the park's southern part. Their main village is

Ciptagelar Ciptagelar is a traditional Sundanese people, Sundanese hamlet (place), hamlet in Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Founded in 1368, the hamlet is the largest village of the ''Kasepuhan'' community which retains traditional Sundanese social structure ...

Ecology

The lower zones hold secure populations of the endangered West Javan gibbon (''Hylobates moloch moloch'') - a sub-species of the

silvery gibbon The silvery gibbon (''Hylobates moloch''), also known as the Javan gibbon, is a primate in the gibbon family Hylobatidae. It is endemic to the Indonesian island of Java, where it inhabits undisturbed rainforests up to an altitude of . It has been ...

. Mount Halimun is its most secure habitat, but its range is restricted to a thin ring around the park as the species is not found above 1,200 metres.

Javan lutung The East Javan langur (''Trachypithecus auratus''), also known as the ebony lutung, Javan langur or Javan lutung, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and ...

(''Trachypithecus auratus''), and other

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

species are evident; about half of its 145 known bird species are rarely seen elsewhere in Java. Chevron Pacific Indonesia which has a 10,000-hectare geothermal concession, used 3 percent of its area for its power station facilities, has been involved in some conservation activities such as set camera traps.CSR Outreach: Chevron restores ecology in Mt. Halimun Salak
24 July 2012, ''The Jakarta Post''. 3 animals are known to breed: * Silvery gibbon rose from 54 in 2008 to 61 in 2013 * Javan hawk eagle rose from 10 in 2008 to 16 in 2011, but declined to 11 in 2013 *

Javan leopard The Javan leopard (''Panthera pardus melas'') is a leopard subspecies confined to the Indonesian island of Java. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2021. The population is estimated at 188–571 mature individuals in 22 ...

rose significantly from 6 in 2008 to 18 in mid-2014

References

External links

*
Mount Halimun Salak National Park Official Website
{{authority control National parks of Indonesia Geography of West Java Protected areas established in 1992 1992 establishments in Indonesia Tourist attractions in West Java Cisadane basin Cimandiri basin Ciujung basin Cidurian basin

Geography

Communities in the park

Ecology

See also

References

External links