Guliston ( — flower country) also spelled as Gulistan, formerly known as ''Mirzachül'' (, until 1961) and Qayroqqum (; from 1962 - 2015), is the capital of

Sirdaryo Region Sirdaryo Region () is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the center of the country on the left bank of Syr Darya River. It borders with Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Tashkent Region, and Jizzakh Region. It covers an area of , and is mostly de ...

in eastern

Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...

. It is a district-level city.

History

In the 19th century there was a kishlak Achchikkuduk ("well with salt water"), which had 40 households, a mosque, and a chaikhana. In 1869, by order of the Governor-General of

Turkestan Turkestan,; ; ; ; also spelled Turkistan, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and East Turkestan (Xinjiang). The region is located in the northwest of modern day China and to the northwest of its ...

Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann (; 2 March 1818 – 16 May 1882), was a military engineer and the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan. Early life and ancestry Konstantin Petrovich was born as the second eldest of four sons to Lieut ...

, the possibility of irrigating the

Mirzachoʻl Mirzachoʻl () is a loess plain of some 10,000 km2 on the left bank of Syr Darya in Uzbekistan, extending from the mouth of Ferghana Valley on the border with Tajikistan to the east across Sirdaryo Region and the northern part of Jizzakh Region to ...

was explored. In 1886, land diggers who arrived from different places of Russia for the construction of the canal formed 8 small Russian settlements in Khojikent district: Romanovsky (Peasant), Zaporozhsky, Nadezhdinsky, Nikolaevsky, Obetovanny, Nizhnevolynsky, Verkhnevolynsky and Konnogvardeysky (Red Dawn). The construction of a canal 84 km long, named after Nicholas I and brought to

(Gulistan), which was put into operation in 1895, began in 1872. From 7600 hectares of irrigated land 2100 hectares were allotted to the knyaz, who lived in Romanovsky settlement, 3380 hectares - to Russian settlers, 220 hectares - to the experimental field. In 1897 near the station Golodnaya Steppe (Mirzachoʻl) the settlement Dukhovsky was formed, in 1906 the settlement Spassky was created. On the eve of the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

in these already united settlements there were 290 households (the town of Guliston later grew up in their place). During the same period, there was laid a railroad from

Samarkand Samarkand ( ; Uzbek language, Uzbek and Tajik language, Tajik: Самарқанд / Samarqand, ) is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central As ...

Tashkent Tashkent (), also known as Toshkent, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uzbekistan, largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of more than 3 million people as of April 1, 2024. I ...

through the Hungry Steppe. Its construction was completed in 1895. Achchikkuduk station was called Griboedovka, and since 1905 - Golodnaya Steppe, as well as the settlement. There were built the buildings of the canal administration and the first Russian-native school in Golodnaya Steppe in 1905. Since 1910 the canal was called the Northern Golodnostepsky canal. In 1922 the settlement Golodnaya Steppe was renamed to Mirzachul. In 1952 it received the status of urban-type settlement, being a part of

Tashkent region Tashkent Region (; ) is a Regions of Uzbekistan, viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan, located in the northeastern part of the country, between the Syr Darya River and the Tien Shan Mountains. It borders Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Sirdaryo Region and Nama ...

. On May 8, 1961 the settlement of urban-type Mirzachul was converted into the city of Gulistan. On November 26, 1963 it became the center of the Syrdaryo region created at the beginning of the same year. In 1989, in connection with the unification of

Jizzakh Jizzakh ( ; , ) is a city and the center of Jizzakh Region in Uzbekistan, located in the northeast of Samarkand. It is a district-level city. The population of Jizzakh is 179,200 (2020 est.).Jizzakh Jizzakh ( ; , ) is a city and the center of Jizzakh Region in Uzbekistan, located in the northeast of Samarkand. It is a district-level city. The population of Jizzakh is 179,200 (2020 est.).Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya steppe), southwest of

. Its population is 91,300 (2021). The main industry in the area is cottonpicking.

Climate

Guliston has a hot-summer

Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

''Csa'').

Demographics

Religious sights

Saint Nicholas Temple is an architectural monument located in the city of Guliston (Sirdaryo region,

). The church was built in 1945 as a house of prayer. It is located at 94 Turkestan Street in Guliston. In 1890, in the village of Guliston in the Turkestan Governorate of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

, a large brick church was erected. It could accommodate no fewer than a hundred parishioners, but it was demolished in the 1930s during the Soviet era. In 1945, a decision was made to build a new house of prayer in Guliston. The new house of prayer, constructed from adobe brick, was built in less than a year and opened its doors to parishioners on November 9, 1945.

References

* Guliston. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038486 Populated places in Sirdaryo Region Cities in Uzbekistan {{Uzbekistan-geo-stub