Gudeodiscus Messageri
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''Gudeodiscus messageri'' is a
species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
of air-breathing
land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
, a
terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...
pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...
gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
in the family
Plectopylidae Plectopylidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plectopyloidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. P ...
.


Subspecies

''Gudeodiscus messageri'' include two subspecies: * ''Gudeodiscus messageri messageri'' (Gude, 1909) * ''Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi'' Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, 2015


Distribution

The distribution of ''Gudeodiscus messageri messageri'' is known from
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
along the Chinese border (
Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...
Province). The distribution of ''Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi'' is known from Vietnam from Ninh Bình Province, Thanh Hóa Province,
Sơn La Province Sơn La is a province nestled in the Northwestern region of Vietnam. In 2018, Sơn La ranked 31st among Vietnam's administrative units in terms of population, 40th in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 49th in GRDP per capita, and 63rd in GR ...
,
Hòa Bình Province Hòa Bình or Hoà Bình (see tone marks) was a former mountainous province of Vietnam, located in the nation's Northwest region. It borders Phú Thọ province and Sơn La province to the northwest, Hanoi to the northeast, Hà Nam province to ...
and Nghệ An Province and from Luang Prabang Province in north
Laos Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...
and Vientiane Province in northwest Laos. ''Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi'' in Laos is the westernmost record of the genus ''Gudeodiscus''.


Description

The
shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses Science Biology * Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ...
of ''Gudeodiscus messageri'' is small to medium-sized, with slightly elevated
spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...
. The dorsal surface is somewhat domed. The
aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is almost circular. The apertural fold is missing. Callus is rather blunt and only slightly curved. Parietal wall has two lamellae (the anterior lamella may be dissolved into small denticles). Lower parietal plica is free or connected to the anterior lamella. Palatal plicae are oblique, or depressed Z-shaped, usually in contact with each other.


Gudeodiscus messageri messageri

The most important shell characters for identification of ''Gudeodiscus messageri messageri'' include: slightly elevated
spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...
, callus is not angled in the middle, apertural fold is always missing. Other characteristics include: anterior lamella is normal (it is not dissolved into small denticles). Lower parietal plica does not extend beyond the anterior lamella in the anterior direction. The width of the shell is 12.75–18.5 mm. Views of the shell of ''Gudeodiscus messageri messageri'' by
Gerard Pierre Laurent Kalshoven Gude Gerard Pierre Laurent Kalshoven Gude (1858 in Amsterdam – 8 November 1924)Bernard Barham Woodward, Woodward B. B. (1925). " GERARD PIERRE LAURENT KALSHOVEN GUDE, F.Z.S., ETC. 1858–1924". ''Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London'' 1 ...
:


Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi

The most important shell characters for identification of ''Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi'' include:
body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...
is less shouldered than that of the nominotypical subspecies, but plicae have to be observed for correct identification. Views of the shell of ''Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi'': The
radula The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...
of ''Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi'' has 8 lateral teeth and 16 marginal teeth. The size of the central tooth is as large as or larger than the ectocone of the first lateral. The shape of the first lateral is rhomboid and pointed. Marginal teeth are tricuspid with rather sharp inner cusp and deep incision between the cusps. Embryos were recorded to be present in the uterus. There were not recorded calcareous granules on the internal surface of penis.


Ecology

It is a ground-dwelling species as all other plectopylid snails in Vietnam. It lives in
primary forest An old-growth forest or primary forest is a forest that has developed over a long period of time without Disturbance (ecology), disturbance. Due to this, old-growth forests exhibit unique ecological features. The Food and Agriculture Organizati ...
s and in old secondary broad-leaved forests. It can be found in the humid microenvironments under leaves, logs, limestone rocks and in black soil accumulated inside limestone pockets. It co-occur with other plectopylids in Vietnam: with ''
Gudeodiscus phlyarius ''Gudeodiscus phlyarius'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Plectopylidae. ''Gudeodiscus phlyarius'' is the type species of the genus ''Gudeodiscus''. Distribution The distribution ...
'' and with ''
Gudeodiscus hemmeni ''Gudeodiscus hemmeni'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Plectopylidae. The specific name ''hemmeni'' is in honor of malacologist Jens Hemmen (1944–2012). Holotype is stored in ...
''. It also co-occur with clausiliid '' Garnieria mouhoti'', that is also associated with the moderate humidity of broad-leaved forests.


References

This article incorporates Creative Commons (CC-BY-4.0) text from the referencesPáll-Gergely B., Hunyadi A., Ablett J., Luong Van H., Naggs F. & Asami T. (2015). "Systematics of the family Plectopylidae in Vietnam with additional information on Chinese taxa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)". ''ZooKeys'' 473: 1–118. .Páll-Gergely B., Muratov I. V. & Asami T. (2016). "The family Plectopylidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Laos with the description of two new genera and a new species". ''ZooKeys'' 592: 1-26. . {{Taxonbar, from=Q28432413 Gudeodiscus Gastropods described in 1909