''Gryllus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of field cricket (

Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – gras ...

Gryllidae The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e.g ...

Gryllinae Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the family Gryllidae. They hatch in spring, and the young crickets (called nymphs) eat and grow rapidly. They shed their skin ( molt) eight or more times before ...

). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

is ''

Gryllus campestris ''Gryllus campestris'', the European field cricket or simply the field cricket in the British Isles, is the type species of Grylloidea, crickets in its genus and tribe Gryllini. These flightless dark colored insects are comparatively large; t ...

'' L.: the European field cricket.

History

Until the mid-1950s, native field crickets in eastern North America were all assigned to a single species, ''Acheta assimilis''. Although regional variation in calling song and life history were noted,Rehn, J.A.G., and Hebard, M. (1915). The genus ''Gryllus'' (Orthoptera) as found in America. ''Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.'' 67:292-322.Fulton, B. B. 1952. Speciation in the field cricket. Evolution 6, 283-295. no morphological characters could be found to reliably distinguish these variants.Alexander, R.D. (1957). The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). ''Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.'' 50:584-602. Building upon the pioneering work of Fulton, Alexander used male calling song, life history and crosses between putative species to revise the taxonomy of gryllines in the eastern United States, and recognized five species, although at the time they were still classified in the genus ''Acheta''.

Description

Species in this genus often look similar to species from other genera. They can often only be distinguished by the male genitalia. The epithallus typically consists of three lobes, the middle one being longer and more slender than the rest, in American and European species. African species, however, show more variability, making it more difficult to assign species to a genus with the same degree of certainty as there is more overlap with closely related genera.

Distribution

''Gryllus'' is one of the most widespread cricket genera. It is found in

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

Species

The genus contains the following species as of March 2023: *''

Gryllus abditus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus abingdoni ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus abnormis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Chopard, 1970 *'' Gryllus alogus'' Rehn, 1902 – damp-loving field cricket *''

Gryllus amarensis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Chopard, 1921) *''

Gryllus ambulator ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1877 *''

Gryllus argenteus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Chopard, 1954) *''

Gryllus argentinus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus armatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Scudder, 1902 *''

Gryllus assimilis ''Gryllus assimilis'', commonly known as the Jamaican field cricket and sometimes referred to as the silent cricket (a misnomer) among other names, is one of many cricket species known as a field cricket. Its natural habitats are the West Indies ...

'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Jamaican field cricket *''

Gryllus ater ''Miogryllus convolutus'' is a species of cricket (insect), cricket from South America. Description ''Miogryllus convolutus'' exists in a number of forms. Most strikingly, there are micropterous (small-winged) and macropterous (large-winged) for ...

'' Walker, 1869 *''

Gryllus barretti ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Rehn, 1901 *''

Gryllus bellicosus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *''

Gryllus bicolor ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus bimaculatus ''Gryllus bimaculatus'' is a species of cricket (insect), cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. Most commonly known as the two-spotted cricket, it has also been called the "African" or "Mediterranean field cricket", although its recorded distributi ...

'' De Geer, 1773 *''

Gryllus braueri ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Karny, 1910) *''

Gryllus brevecaudatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Chopard, 1961) – short-tailed field cricket *'' Gryllus brevicaudus'' Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher, 1980 *''

Gryllus bryanti ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Morse, 1905 *''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

*''

Gryllus capitatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus carvalhoi ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Chopard, 1961) *'' Gryllus cayensis'' Walker, 2001 – Keys wood cricket *''

Gryllus chaldeus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Uvarov, 1922) *'' Gryllus chappuisi'' (Chopard, 1938) *''

Gryllus chichimecus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1897 *''

Gryllus cohni ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher 1980 *''

Gryllus comptus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus conradti'' (Bolivar, 1910) *''

Gryllus darwini ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus debilis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Walker, 1871 *''

Gryllus firmus ''Gryllus firmus'', commonly known as the sand field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. It is found in the southeastern United States. Description ''Gryllus firmus'' is very similar in appearance to other crickets found ...

'' Scudder, 1902 – sand field cricket *'' Gryllus fultoni'' (Alexander, 1957) – southern wood cricket *''

Gryllus fulvipennis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Blanchard, 1854 *''

Gryllus galapageius ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Scudder, 1893 *'' Gryllus genovesa'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus insularis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Scudder, 1876 *'' Gryllus integer'' Scudder, 1901 – western trilling cricket *'' Gryllus isabella'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus jallae'' Giglio-Tos, 1907 *''

Gryllus kapushi ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte, 1987 *''

Gryllus krugeri ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *''

Gryllus lineaticeps ''Gryllus lineaticeps'', the variable field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. It is found in North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western he ...

'' Stål, 1861 – variable field cricket *''

Gryllus luctuosus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Bolivar, 1910) *''

Gryllus madagascarensis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Walker, 1869 *''

Gryllus marchena ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus maunus'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *'' Gryllus maximus'' (Uvarov, 1952) *'' Gryllus meruensis'' Sjöstedt, 1909 *''

Gryllus miopteryx ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1877 *''

Gryllus multipulsator ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Weissman, 2009Long-chirp field cricket
Singing Insects of North America (SINA) – Long-chirp Field Cricket *''

Gryllus mzimba ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte, 1987 *'' Gryllus namibius'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *''

Gryllus nigrohirsutus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Alexander, 1991 *''

Gryllus nyasa ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *''

Gryllus opacus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Chopard, 1927 *'' Gryllus ovisopis'' Walker, 1974 – taciturn wood cricket *''

Gryllus parilis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Walker, 1869 *''

Gryllus pennsylvanicus ''Gryllus pennsylvanicus'' is known as the fall field cricket. ''G. pennsylvanicus'' is common in southern Ontario, is widespread across much of North AmericaAlexander, R. D. 1968. Life cycle origins, speciation, and related phenomena in crickets ...

'' Burmeister, 1838 – fall field cricket *''

Gryllus personatus ''Gryllus personatus'', the badlands cricket or badlands field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. It is found in northern Mexico and in the United States north to South Dakota and west to southern California. It typicall ...

'' Uhler, 1864 – Badlands cricket *'' Gryllus peruviensis'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus pinta'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus quadrimaculatus'' Saussure, 1877 *''

Gryllus rhinoceros ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Gorochov, 2001 *''

Gryllus rixator ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *''

Gryllus rubens ''Gryllus rubens'', commonly known as the southeastern field cricket, is one of many cricket species known as a field cricket. It occurs throughout most of the Southeastern United States. Its northern range spans from southern Delaware to the e ...

'' Scudder, 1902 – eastern trilling cricket *''

Gryllus scudderianus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus signatus'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus spinulosus'' Johannson, 1763 *''

Gryllus subpubescens ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Chopard, 1934) *''

Gryllus texensis ''Gryllus texensis'' is a species of cricket described by William H. Cade and Otte in (2000). Cade and Otte clarify that field crickets collected in the Southeastern United States from Florida to Texas identified as '' Gryllus integer'', were i ...

'' Cade & Otte, 2000 – Texas trilling cricket *''

Gryllus urfaensis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Gumussuyu, 1978 *'' Gryllus veletis'' (Alexander & Bigelow, 1960) – spring field cricket *''

Gryllus vernalis ''Gryllus vernalis'', the northern wood cricket, is a species of cricket native to deciduous woods of the midwestern United States, where its primary habitat is leaf litter. It can be identified by its totally black exoskeleton (with the occasio ...

'' Blatchley, 1920 – northern wood cricket *''

Gryllus vicarius ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' Walker, 1869 *''

Gryllus vocalis ''Gryllus vocalis'', the vocal field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae.. It is found in North America. Range This insect can be found in desert regions in North America, including Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Nevad ...

'' Scudder, 1901 – vocal field cricket *'' Gryllus zaisi'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *''

Gryllus zambezi ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. History Until ...

'' (Saussure, 1877)

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Orthoptera genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Orthoptera of Asia Orthoptera of Africa Orthoptera of Europe Orthoptera of North America Orthoptera of South America