''Grylloblatta'' is a genus of

insect Insects (from Latin ') are Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (Insect morphology#Head, head, ...

s in the family

Grylloblattidae Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. It is the only member of Grylloblattodea, which ...

. It contains 15 species, including '' Grylloblatta chirurgica'', almost exclusively from high-altitude and high-latitude regions of the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

, living in

ice cave An ice cave is any type of natural cave (most commonly lava tubes or limestone caves) that contains significant amounts of perennial (year-round) ice. At least a portion of the cave must have a temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) all ye ...

s and

glacier A glacier (; or ) is a persistent body of dense ice, a form of rock, that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires ...

s. The genus was first described by Edmund Walker in 1914, based on a single species, '' Grylloblatta campodeiformis''.

Species

These 15 species belong to the genus ''Grylloblatta'': * ''

Grylloblatta barberi ''Grylloblatta barberi'' is a North American species of wingless insect There are various disparate groups of wingless insects. Apterygota are a subclass of small, agile insects, distinguished from other insects by their lack of wings in the pr ...

'' Caudell, 1924^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta bifratrilecta'' Gurney, 1953^{i c g b} * '' Grylloblatta campodeiformis'' E. M. Walker, 1914^{i c g b} (northern rock crawler) * '' Grylloblatta chandleri'' Kamp, 1963^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta chintimini'' Marshall & Lytle, 2015^{i c g b} * '' Grylloblatta chirurgica'' Gurney, 1961^{i c g b} (Mount St Helens' grylloblattid) * '' Grylloblatta gurneyi'' Kamp, 1963^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta marmoreus'' Schoville, 2012^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta newberryensis'' Marshall and Lytle, 2015^{i c g} * ''

Grylloblatta oregonensis ''Grylloblatta oregonensis'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of ...

'' Schoville, 2012^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta rothi'' Gurney, 1953^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta scudderi'' Kamp, 1979^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta sculleni'' Gurney, 1937^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta siskiyouensis'' Schoville, 2012^{i c g} * '' Grylloblatta washoa'' Gurney, 1961^{i c g} Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

Novel species

Based on genetic studies and other evidence, Schoville (2013) identifies the following as potential new species. *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "South Ice Cave" –

Deschutes County Deschutes County ( ) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 198,253. The county seat is Bend. The county was created in 1916 out of part of Crook County and was named for the Deschu ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. "

Glacier Peak Glacier Peak or Dakobed (known in the Sauk-Suiattle dialect of the Lushootseed language as "Tda-ko-buh-ba" or "Takobia") is the most isolated of the five major stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes) of the Cascade Volcanoes, Cascade Volcanic Arc ...

" *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "

Mount Rainier Mount Rainier ( ), also known as Tahoma, is a large active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest in the United States. The mountain is located in Mount Rainier National Park about south-southeast of Seattle. With an off ...

" *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Sawyer's Ice Cave 1" – Linn County and

Yakima County Yakima County is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, its population was 256,728. The county seat and most populous city is Yakima, Washington, Ya ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Sawyer's Ice Cave 2" – Linn County *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Trout Lake Caves" –

Klickitat County Klickitat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,735. The county seat and largest city is Goldendale. The county is named after the Klickitat tribe and contains part of the Y ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Central Sierra Nevada" – Sixty Lake Basin,

Fresno County Fresno County (), officially the County of Fresno, is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populo ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. " Tioga Crest" –

Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park ( ) is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States in California. It is bordered on the southeast by Sierra National Forest and on the northwest by Stanislaus National Forest. The p ...

and

Inyo National Forest Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest p ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Graveyard Lake" –

Sierra National Forest Sierra National Forest is a U.S. national forest located on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada in California, bounded on the northwest by Yosemite National Park and on the south by Kings Canyon National Park. The forest is known for ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. " Ostrander Lake" –

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Southwest Sierra Nevada" –

Sequoia National Park Sequoia National Park is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States in the southern Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sierra Nevada east of Visalia, California. The park was established on September 25, 1890, and toda ...

and environs *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Lilburn cave" –

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. " Trinity Mountains" –

Shasta–Trinity National Forest The Shasta–Trinity National Forest is a federally designated forest in northern California, United States. It is the largest National forest (United States), National Forest in California and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The 2,210, ...

*''Grylloblatta'' sp. nov. "

Olympic Mountains The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are not especially high – Mount Olympus (Washington), Mount Olympus is the high ...

" –

Olympic National Forest Olympic National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in Washington. With an area of , it nearly surrounds Olympic National Park and the Olympic Mountain range. Olympic National Forest contains parts of Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, ...

, near The Brothers *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "

Mount Spokane Mount Spokane levation ��previously known as Mount Baldy until 1912 due to its pronounced bald spot—is a mountain in the northwest United States, located northeast of Spokane, Washington. Its summit is the highest point in Spokane County, a ...

" *''Grylloblatta'' sp. "Polaris Peak" –

Coeur d'Alene National Forest The Coeur d'Alene National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in the Idaho panhandle and is one of three forests that are aggregated into the Idaho Panhandle National Forests (the other two are the Kaniksu and St. Joe National Forests). ...

Life cycle

Individuals have lifespans of between 6 and 10 years.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1383624 Grylloblattidae Insects of the United States Taxa named by Edmund Murton Walker Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Psychrophiles