Gryllacrididae are a family of non-jumping insects in the suborder

Ensifera Ensifera is a Order (biology), suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies, including cricket (insect), true crickets, Rhaphidophoridae, camel crickets, Tettigoniidae, bush crickets or katydids, Prophalangops ...

occurring worldwide, known commonly as leaf-rolling crickets or raspy crickets. The family historically has been broadly defined to include what are presently several other families, such as Stenopelmatidae ("Jerusalem crickets") and

Rhaphidophoridae The orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae of the suborder Ensifera has a worldwide distribution. Common names for these insects include cave crickets, camel crickets, spider crickets (sometimes shortened to "criders" or "sprickets"), and sand trea ...

("camel crickets"), now considered separate. As presently defined, the family contains two subfamilies: Gryllacridinae and Hyperbaeninae.Orthoptera Species File: family Gryllacrididae Blanchard, 1845 (version 5.0: retrieved 19 July 2019)
/ref> They are commonly wingless and

nocturnal Nocturnality is a ethology, behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatur ...

. In the daytime, most species rest in shelters made from folded leaves sewn with

silk Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...

. Some species use silk to burrow in sand, earth or wood. Raspy crickets evolved the ability to produce silk independently from other insects, but their silk has many convergent features to silkworm silk, being made of long, repetitive proteins with an extended beta-sheet structure.

Subfamilies, tribes and selected genera

The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists two subfamilies:

Gryllacridinae

;tribe Ametrini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Ametrus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 * '' Apterolarnaca'' Gorochov, 2004 ;tribe Ametroidini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Ametroides'' Karny, 1928 * '' Glomeremus'' Karny, 1937 ;tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Eremus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 ;tribe Gryllacridini Blanchard, 1845 * '' Camptonotus'' Uhler, 1864 * '' Furcilarnaca'' Gorochov, 2004 * '' Gryllacris'' Serville, 1831 – type genus * '' Larnaca (cricket)'' Walker, 1869

Hyperbaeninae

;tribe Asarcogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Asarcogryllacris'' Karny, 1937 * '' Zalarnaca'' Gorochov, 2005 ;tribe Capnogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Capnogryllacris'' Karny, 1937 * '' Marthogryllacris'' Karny, 1937 * '' Woznessenskia'' Gorochov, 2002 ;tribe Hyperbaenini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Hyperbaenus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 – type genus for subfamily ;tribe Paragryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Paragryllacris'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 ;tribe Phryganogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * '' Phryganogryllacris'' Karny, 1937

Fossil taxa (unplaced)

*'' Plesiolarnaca'' † *'' Pseudogryllacris'' † *'' Xenogryllacris'' † - ''X. reductus'' Riek, 1955 Note: The genus '' Lezina'' of the subfamily Lezininae is now placed in the family Anostostomatidae.

References

External links

* * Article discussing Gryllacrididae and its behavior {{Authority control Orthoptera families Articles containing video clips