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Grikor Mirzaian Suni (; originally Grikor Mirzaian, also ''Grigor''; September 10, 1876 – December 18, 1939) was an Armenian people, Armenian composer and choirmaster.
In his hometown of Shushi, Suni became famous for his musical talents and organized his first concert. This would get him in trouble with Russian Empire, Russian authorities forcing his chorus out of Shushi where they went on to spread Armenian cultural music around the world. Suni was an instrumental figure in establishing the Culture of Armenia, national identity of Armenian music and considered one of the many founders of modern Armenian music.
Originating from a line of musicians, he studied music professionally from 1891 to 1895 at the Gevorgian Academy in Echmiadzin, near Yerevan, with Komitas Vardapet, Soghomon Soghomonian (later known as Komitas Vardapet), with whom he became friends and a long-time collaborator. Upon graduating in 1895, he established his choir in his hometown of Shushi. There in the regionally famous Armenian Khandamiryan theater, he gave his first concert with his chorus composed of folk songs he collected from the region. With the money he made from the concert, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he studied music from 1895 to 1904 with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Glazunov and Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov, Anatoly Lyadov. In St. Petersburg, he released his first collection of Armenian folk songs. In 1904, he moved to Tbilisi where he taught at the Nersisian School until 1908, gathering Armenian folk songs from Turkey and Iran. Suni briefly moved to Erzurum from 1910 to 1914 but returned to Tbilisi where he continued his activities as a composer and music instructor. "In October [1919] the founding of a national conservatory of music was entrusted to Grigor Mirzayan (Suny), and preparations were made for the Republic’s first art exhibit, featuring the works of thirty painters and sculptors, as the nucleus of a national gallery."Hovannisian, Richard G. The Republic of Armenia Vol II From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA 1982, p. 313. Following this, he lived periodically in Tehran before returning back to Tbilisi in 1921.
Following the Red Army invasion of Armenia, Sovietization of Armenia, Suni turned in his entire music library to the Soviet authorities and headed for Istanbul, Constaninople. There he taught at various local List of Armenian schools, Armenian schools and established his own Armenian choir. However in 1923, following the growing Kemalism, Kemalist movement, he moved to the United States, arriving in New York in the fall of 2023 with his family. In 1925, he moved to Philadelphia, establishing a music studio dedicated to traditional Armenian music and continuing his career by judging international music competitions. He continued making music throughout the 1930s until his death in 1939, notably his pro-communist ''Nor Kyank’i Yergere'' (Songs of the New Life). Ronald Grigor Suny, Emeritus Professor of political science at the University of Chicago, is a grandson of Grikor Mirzaian Suni.
The work of Grikor Suni developed in two directions of Armenian music: folk music and Opera. The music written by Suni - Choir, choral works, songs, several operas, symphonic and piano compositions - are examples of Armenian classical music based on the traditions of Armenian folk and the musical culture of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian church. The composer collected Armenian folklore material both in Armenia and in the territory of modern-day Turkey and Iran. His opera ''Asli and Kyaram'' is based on Middle East, Middle Eastern folk legend. In 1907, through the efforts of the Armenian Dramatic Society, the operetta ''Aregnazan'' was staged in Tiflis (Tbilisi). Suni's music evoked a lot of folk symbolism such as in his work ''Alagyaz'' (Ալագյազ) where he draws a relationship to the melody and the mountainside of the Mount Aragats, Aragats mountains for which the song is named. His musical works influenced the direction of Armenian music in the early 20th century towards a harmonic and Polyphony, polyphonic style and the construction of Armenian national identity in Armenian music.
Biography
Grikor Suni came from a family of Armenian melik, meliks (princes) from Zangezur, Syunik. He was the son of the singer and miniaturist Hovhannes Varandetsi and the grandson of the once famous ashik, ashug (folk singer) Melik Hovhannes Mirzabekyan. His great grandfather was Ashiq-Bashi (Chief Minstrel) at the court of Fath-Ali Shah. In 1883, he lost his father, who was killed falling from a horse. Suni spent much of his childhood in Shushi, Shushi where he first started to study music. In Shushi, the future composer became acquainted with the Armenian musical notation system and theory. The young musician received wide recognition in the city and for his beautiful voice he was nicknamed ''Ghali Bulbul'' ().
Originating from a line of musicians, he studied music professionally from 1891 to 1895 at the Gevorgian Academy in Echmiadzin, near Yerevan, with Komitas Vardapet, Soghomon Soghomonian (later known as Komitas Vardapet), with whom he became friends and a long-time collaborator. Upon graduating in 1895, he established his choir in his hometown of Shushi. There in the regionally famous Armenian Khandamiryan theater, he gave his first concert with his chorus composed of folk songs he collected from the region. With the money he made from the concert, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he studied music from 1895 to 1904 with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Glazunov and Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov, Anatoly Lyadov. In St. Petersburg, he released his first collection of Armenian folk songs. In 1904, he moved to Tbilisi where he taught at the Nersisian School until 1908, gathering Armenian folk songs from Turkey and Iran. Suni briefly moved to Erzurum from 1910 to 1914 but returned to Tbilisi where he continued his activities as a composer and music instructor. "In October [1919] the founding of a national conservatory of music was entrusted to Grigor Mirzayan (Suny), and preparations were made for the Republic’s first art exhibit, featuring the works of thirty painters and sculptors, as the nucleus of a national gallery."Hovannisian, Richard G. The Republic of Armenia Vol II From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA 1982, p. 313. Following this, he lived periodically in Tehran before returning back to Tbilisi in 1921.
Following the Red Army invasion of Armenia, Sovietization of Armenia, Suni turned in his entire music library to the Soviet authorities and headed for Istanbul, Constaninople. There he taught at various local List of Armenian schools, Armenian schools and established his own Armenian choir. However in 1923, following the growing Kemalism, Kemalist movement, he moved to the United States, arriving in New York in the fall of 2023 with his family. In 1925, he moved to Philadelphia, establishing a music studio dedicated to traditional Armenian music and continuing his career by judging international music competitions. He continued making music throughout the 1930s until his death in 1939, notably his pro-communist ''Nor Kyank’i Yergere'' (Songs of the New Life). Ronald Grigor Suny, Emeritus Professor of political science at the University of Chicago, is a grandson of Grikor Mirzaian Suni.
Music and legacy
The work of Grikor Suni developed in two directions of Armenian music: folk music and Opera. The music written by Suni - Choir, choral works, songs, several operas, symphonic and piano compositions - are examples of Armenian classical music based on the traditions of Armenian folk and the musical culture of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian church. The composer collected Armenian folklore material both in Armenia and in the territory of modern-day Turkey and Iran. His opera ''Asli and Kyaram'' is based on Middle East, Middle Eastern folk legend. In 1907, through the efforts of the Armenian Dramatic Society, the operetta ''Aregnazan'' was staged in Tiflis (Tbilisi). Suni's music evoked a lot of folk symbolism such as in his work ''Alagyaz'' (Ալագյազ) where he draws a relationship to the melody and the mountainside of the Mount Aragats, Aragats mountains for which the song is named. His musical works influenced the direction of Armenian music in the early 20th century towards a harmonic and Polyphony, polyphonic style and the construction of Armenian national identity in Armenian music.
Political activity
Suni was known as an outspoken politician figure during his time. At a young age, Suni was influenced by Socialism, socialist ideals spreading in the Russian Empire. Initially, Suni was part of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the Dashnaktsutyun, which was a socialist party. However, he had a falling out with the Dashnaks and later became an avid spokesperson for the Bolsheviks. Because of this, he was frequently persecuted for the political nature of his works by fellow Armenian nationalism, Armenian nationalists and under constant threat of arrest. Along with the folk songs he collected, he also wrote militaristic songs that had strong Communism, communist themes. This would culminate into his eventual exile into the United States where he spent the rest of his life and joined the Armenian communist party of America, the Harajdimakan.Selected works
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References
Bibliography
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Suni, Grikor 1876 births 1939 deaths People from Gadabay District People from Elizavetpol Governorate Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Armenian composers American people of Armenian descent 20th-century Armenian classical composers Armenian male classical composers 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians