Grenoble University

The (, ''Grenoble Alps University'', abbr. UGA) is a ''grand établissement'' in Grenoble, France. Founded in 1339, it is the third largest university in France with about 60,000 students and over 3,000 researchers.

Established as the University of Grenoble by Humbert II of Viennois, it split in 1970 following the widespread civil unrest of May 1968. Three of the University of Grenoble's successors—Joseph Fourier University, Pierre Mendès-France University, and Stendhal University—merged in 2016 to restore the original institution under the name . In 2020, the Grenoble Institute of Technology, the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, and the Grenoble School of Architecture also merged with the original university.

The university is organized around two closely located urban campuses: Domaine Universitaire, which straddles Saint-Martin-d'Hères and Gières, and Campus GIANT in Grenoble. UGA also owns and operates facilities in Valence, Chambéry, Les Houches, Villar-d'Arêne, Mirabel, Échirolles, and La Tronche.

The city of Grenoble is one of the largest scientific centers in Europe, hosting facilities of every existing public research institution in France. This enables UGA to have hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). After Paris, Grenoble as a city is the largest research center in France with 22,800 researchers. In April 2019, UGA was selected to host one of the four French institutes in artificial intelligence.

History

Early history (1339–1800)

The University of Grenoble was founded on 12 May 1339 by Humbert II of Viennois, the last independent ruler of Dauphiné, a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its purpose was to teach civil and canon law, medicine, and the liberal arts. It was considered a leader in the Renaissance revival of the classics and development of liberal arts.

Humbert's actions were inspired by his granduncle Robert, King of Naples, at whose royal court Humbert spent his youth. King Robert, known as the Wise, skillfully developed Naples from a small port into a lavish city and had a reputation of a cultured man and a generous patron of the arts, friends with such great minds as Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Giotto.

Such rich experience contributed to Humbert's intention to create a university in his own state, and to do so he visited Pope Benedict XII to get a papal bull of approval.

Humbert cared deeply about his students, offering generous aid, protection, and even providing a hundred of them with free housing. Humbert's financial losses during the Smyrniote crusades, Black Death, and Dauphiné's attachment to France greatly decreased the activity of the university leading to its closure, since a small mountainous town could not support its activity on its own.

It was reopened again by Louis XI of France in 1475 in Valence under the name University of Valence, while the original university was restored in Grenoble in 1542 by Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol. The two universities were finally reunited in 1565. At that point Grenoble was an important center of law practice in France, thus law practice was at the center of the university education.

The French Revolution, with its focus on the end to inherited privilege, led to the suppression of most universities in France. To revolutionaries, universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests. Moreover, lands owned by the universities represented a source of wealth and therefore were confiscated, just as property possessed by the Church.

Modern period (1800–1968)

In 1805–1808, Napoleon reestablished faculties of law, letters, and science. The Bourbon Restoration had temporarily suppressed the Faculty of Letters and the Faculty of Law, but by the 1850s the university's activity had begun rapidly developing again.

The development of the sciences at the university was spearheaded by the transformation of Grenoble from a regional center to a major supplier of industrial motors and electrical equipment in 1880s. The faculties were formally inaugurated as the University of Grenoble in 1879 in the newly constructed Place de Verdun. There were around 3000 students in 1930. Significant enrollment growth in the 1960s created pressures on the academic infrastructure of the university; the Suzanne Dobelmann library helped expand facilities, especially those relating to science and medicine.

Recent history (1968–present)

In the aftermath of the May 1968 events in France and the , many French universities were subdivided by both area of study and political ideology between 1968 and 1971. As part of this trend, the University of Grenoble was separated into four specialized institutions:
* Grenoble 1: niversity of Science and Medicine of Grenoble known as after 1980, and Joseph Fourier University after 1987
* Grenoble 2: niversity of Social Sciences of Grenoble renamed around 1990.
* Grenoble 3: niversity of Languages and Letters of Grenoblerenamed Stendhal University about 1987
* , later [Grenoble Institute of Technology] or Grenoble INP.

Starting 2013, a movement began towards reunification of universities in Grenoble. Joseph Fourier University, Pierre Mendès-France University, and Stendhal University merged on 1 January 2016 under the name of the Université Grenoble Alpes.

On 1 January 2020, the Grenoble Institute of Technology (''Grenoble-INP''), the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, the ENSAG School of Architecture, and the Community Université Grenoble Alpes merged with the University Grenoble Alpes.

In November 2023, the French Parliament granted the university the status of ''grand établissement''.

Campus

UGA facilities are mainly located in the Grenoble Agglomeration, centered around the Domaine Universitaire campus, GIANT campus, and La Tronche medical campus. However, there are many facilities that are located in other places in and outside of Grenoble, including the Valence campus and an important number of laboratories and research centres.

Domaine Universitaire (Grenoble)

The Domaine Universitaire, also known as the ''University Campus'' and ''Campus de Saint-Martin-d'Hères'', is the main UGA campus covering an area of 175 hectares. It is an autonomous part of the Grenoble-Alpes Métropole agglomeration and a part of Saint-Martin-d'Hères commune. The ''Domaine Universitaire'' hosts the majority of educational facilities and a significant portion of research laboratories of the university. Olivier-Clément Cacoub designed the science library, the administrative building of the science faculty and the large Louis-Weil amphitheater.

The Domaine Universitaire campus has a distinct feature of being an isolated part of the agglomeration dedicated solely to academics and student activities. This is an exemption from the typical model of French universities where university facilities are scattered throughout the city. Such organization was an experimental model applied in 1960s to accommodate the rapidly growing university. Over the years, due to such a distinct form of organization it earned the reputation of an "American campus". Another French university that follows this model is Paris-Saclay University although it is located 20 km away from Paris and not in a direct proximity to the city.

The campus boast 3 000 trees, including Arboretum Robert Ruffier-Lanche with over 250 different species of trees and shrubs from around the world. Due to its rich vegetation, surrounded by Isère (river), in proximity of three mountain chains, and in immediate adjacency to the city, the campus is known for student quality of life. The university is ranked among the most beautiful universities and campuses in France and Europe. The campus has a rich network of public transport, including the Grenoble tramway, several bus lines, easy access the main highway and a network of bike lines. Grenoble is traditionally recognized as one of the best student cities in France.

La Tronche campus is located one tramway stop away from the Domaine Universitaire campus. It is primarily specialized in medical studies and is home to the Grenoble Alpes University Hospital.

File:UGA_Bibliotheque_universitaire_Joseph_Fourier.jpg, Joseph Fourier Library
File:UGA_Maison_Des_Langues_et_des_Cultures.jpg, Maison des Langues
File:UGA_batiment_Stendhal.jpg, Stendhal Building
File:UGA_Amphi_Weil.jpg, Louis Weil Amphitheatre
File:UGA_Avenue_Centrale_et_Sciences_Po_Grenoble.jpg, Sciences Po Grenoble
File:UGA_Batiment_Pierre_Mendes_France.jpg, Pierre Mendes France Building
File:UGA_Faculté_de_Droit.jpg, Grenoble Law School
File:ESA_campus_Grenoble.JPG, Grenoble IAE
File:Informatique_%26_Mathématiques_Appliquées_-_Grenoble.JPG, IMAG Building
File:ENSIEG_ENSPG_campus_Grenoble.JPG, Grenoble INP buildings
File:Lettres_et_sciences_humaines_-_Grenoble.JPG, Stendhal Building
File:UGA_Faculté_d'Economie_de_Grenoble.jpg, Faculty of Economics of Grenoble

Campus GIANT (Grenoble)

Campus GIANT (Grenoble Innovation for Advanced New Technologies) is an inter-organizational campus located on the old military grounds of a presque-isle between Isère and Drac that formed Polygone Scientifique. The Campus hosts several educational institutions, primarily UGA (particularly the INPG) and the Grenoble School of Management. Among other members of the campus are also large state research organizations CNRS and CEA. The GIANT campus hosts Minatec, as well as several European large scale Instruments including European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, and Institut Laue–Langevin. Major industrial companies have facilities on campus, including bioMérieux, Schneider Electric, Siemens, and STMicroelectronics.

Contrary to the Domaine Universitaire campus, which hosts UGA and shares both educational and research roles in a wide variety of disciplines, the GIANT Campus is inter-organizational and leans heavily towards research-industry collaboration in natural and applied sciences.

Other buildings in the Grenoble area

The university has buildings in various locations in the Grenoble area: near the main Grenoble train station (parts of IUT1 and IUT2), Boulevard Gambetta, Place de Verdun, and in the Vigny-Musset area (''Cité des Territoires'').

Valence Campus

The Valence campus is home to over 4000 students in undergraduate and post-graduate programs. It is located in the department of Drôme, 90 km away from Grenoble.
The Valence campus is the successor of the Université de Valence founded in 1452 by Dauphin Louis, future King Louis XI. The University of Valence was closed in 1792 sharing the fate of most French universities during the French Revolution.

Other locations

University facilities are also located outside of main campuses.
* An alpine botanical garden Jardin botanique alpin du Lautaret spans over a 2 hectares area in Col du Lautaret.
* IUT2 runs a department of management of companies and administration (GEA) in Vienne.
* A center for agricultural research and teaching is run inside the ''Olivier de Serres'' domain in Ardèche