Gregory Jacob is an American lawyer who was legal counsel to U.S. Vice President
Mike Pence
Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician who served as the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, ...
during the
administration of Donald Trump
Donald Trump's tenure as the 45th president of the United States began with his inauguration on January 20, 2017, and ended on January 20, 2021. Trump, a Republican from New York City, took office following his Electoral College victo ...
. He is currently a partner in the Washington office of the law firm, O'Melveny & Myers, specializing in
ERISA
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) (, codified in part at ) is a U.S. federal tax and labor law that establishes minimum standards for pension plans in private industry. It contains rules on the federal income tax ...
matters.
Upon learning of
, Jacob worked to refute a fringe theory pushed in the
Eastman memos
The Eastman memos, also known as the "coup memo", are documents by John Eastman, an American law professor retained by then-President Donald Trump advancing the fringe legal theory that the U.S. Vice President has unilateral authority to reject ...
by Trump attorney
John Eastman
John Charles Eastman (born 1960) is an American lawyer who is the founding director of the Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, a public interest law firm affiliated with the conservative think tank Claremont Institute. He is a former pro ...
that the vice president held unilateral authority to reject States' electors.
Education
Jacob is a graduate of the
University of Chicago Law School
The University of Chicago Law School is the law school of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is consistently ranked among the best and most prestigious law schools in the world, and has many dist ...
and clerked for Judge
Jacques Weiner of the
5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following federal judicial districts:
* Eastern District of Louisiana
* Mi ...
at New Orleans.
Career
Starting in 2001, Jacob worked in the
U.S. Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United State ...
's Office of Legal Counsel. He also worked as solicitor at the
U.S. Department of Labor
The United States Department of Labor (DOL) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for the administration of federal laws governing occupational safety and health, wage and hour standards, unemploy ...
during the
George W. Bush administration
George W. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican from Texas, took office following a narrow victory over Democratic i ...
.
Jacob joined the Pence administration eight months before the
January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.
Role in 2020 election dispute
On December 8, 2020, he wrote a four-page memo to Vice President Pence outlining the constitutional issues at stake in the
12th amendment and the
Electoral Count Act of 1887
The Electoral Count Act of 1887 (ECA) (, later codified at Title 3, Chapter 1) was a United States federal law adding to procedures set out in the Constitution of the United States for the counting of electoral votes following a presidential ...
.
In the days leading up to the January 6 Senate session for the
2021 United States Electoral College vote count
The count of the Electoral College ballots during a joint session of the 117th United States Congress, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act, on January 6–7, 2021, was the final step to confirm President-elect Joe Biden's victory in the ...
, Jacob wrote another memo stating that any attempt to delay the count would likely be overturned in court.
Jacob's advice informed Pence's decision to resist efforts by Trump advisors, including
John Eastman
John Charles Eastman (born 1960) is an American lawyer who is the founding director of the Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, a public interest law firm affiliated with the conservative think tank Claremont Institute. He is a former pro ...
, to throw out legitimate electoral votes for Joseph R. Biden Jr.
On January 6, 2021, Vice President Pence read from a revised script drafted in consultation with Jacob. Beginning like his predecessors, Pence sought to "ascertain that the certificates are regular in form and authentic.” To this, he added the innovation that “the parliamentarians have advised me is the only certificate of vote from that state, and purports to be a return from the state, and that has annexed to it a certificate from an authority of that state purporting to appoint or ascertain electors.”
Also on January 6, while in the Capitol with Pence "in a safe location," Jacob emailed Eastman that "thanks to your bull----, we are now under siege."
Jacob, in a subsequent email, apologized to Eastman for his language, but emphasized that Eastman’s advice “functioned as a serpent in the ear of the President of the United States, the most powerful office in the entire world. And here we are.”
On June 16, 2022, Jacob testified before the
United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
The United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (the January 6th Committee) is a bipartisan select committee of the U.S. House of Representatives established to investigate the U.S. C ...
as to the efforts of Eastman and other Trump advisors to interfere with the certification process, as well as to his experience at the Capitol on January 6.
Jacob testified that Pence was consistently skeptical of Eastman's arguments that the vice president could block certification of election results. Jacob also noted that Eastman acknowledged that in 230 years of precedent, no vice president had sought the power to overturn an election as he had suggested and that he would oppose his own strategy if a Democratic vice president attempted it.
Jacob also testified that Eastman acknowledged that his strategy would likely lose 9-0 in front of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Jacob further testified that on January 6 at the Capitol, as the Pence entourage was evacuating to an underground loading dock, he could "hear the din of the rioters in the building," at which point the mob was about 40 feet away.
Jacob stated that the Secret Service attempted to evacuate Pence but that Pence refused to leave the Capitol because “
e vice president did not want to take any chance that the world would see the vice president of the United States fleeing the United States Capitol.”
Pence, according to Jacob, did not want to facilitate the rioters' attempts to further disrupt the election certification and was "determined that we would complete the work that we had set out to do that day.”
Jacob also testified in front of a federal grand jury investigating efforts by Trump and his allies to overturn his defeat in the 2020 election.
Jacob was questioned about the roles of Eastman and
Rudy Giuliani
Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (, ; born May 28, 1944) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 107th Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He previously served as the United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 19 ...
in the election scheme.
Selected publications
To Vice President Pence: January 6th Process for Elector Vote Count
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob, Gregory
Living people
Presidency of Donald Trump
Mike Pence
Election law
Scholars of constitutional law
Year of birth missing (living people)
People associated with the 2020 United States presidential election
People associated with O'Melveny & Myers
University of Chicago Law School alumni