Great Synagogue (Łódź)
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The Great Synagogue of Łódź () was a former
Reform Reform refers to the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The modern usage of the word emerged in the late 18th century and is believed to have originated from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement, which ...
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
congregation and
synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...
, located in
Łódź Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located south-west of Warsaw. Łódź has a population of 655,279, making it the country's List of cities and towns in Polan ...
, in the
Łódź Voivodeship Łódź Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship (province) of Poland. The province is named after its capital and largest city, Łódź, pronounced . Łódź Voivodeship is bordered by six other voivodeships: Masovian Voivodeship ...
of
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
. Designed by Adolf Wolff in the
Romanesque Revival Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, Romanesque Revival buildings tended t ...
style and completed in 1887, the synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by
Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
on November 14, 1939.


History

The synagogue was commonly referred to as ''The Temple.'' Prominent Łódż builder and architect Johann Steck (or Jan Sztek, 1851–1914) carried out construction of the synagogue between 1881 and 1887, at the corner of ul. Zielona and al. Tadeusza Kościuszki (formerly ul. Spacerowa). The construction was funded principally by local industrialists, including
Izrael Poznański Izrael Kalman Poznański (25 August 1833–28 April 1900) was a Polish Jews, Polish-Jewish businessman, textile magnate and philanthropist in Łódź, Congress Poland (part of the Russian Empire), and the husband of Eleonora Hertz Poznańska. ...
, Joachim Silberstein and
Karol Scheibler Karl Wilhelm Scheibler (, 1 September 1820 – 13 April 1881) was a German-born Polish industrialist, businessman and textile manufacturer. Biography Scheibler was born in Montjoie (today Monschau) in the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves- ...
. The synagogue was burned to the ground by the Nazis on the night of November 14, 1939, along with its
Torah scrolls A Sephardic Torah scroll rolled to the first paragraph of the Shema An Ashkenazi Torah scroll rolled to the Decalogue file:Keneseth Eliyahoo Synagogue, Interior, Tora Cases.jpg">Torah cases at Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue, Mumbai, India ...
and interior fixtures. The building was dismantled in 1940 and the site was subsequently used as a parking lot. Other synagogues destroyed by the Nazis in Łódź included the Stara Synagogue, on November 15–16, 1939, and the Ezras Izrael Synagogue, also in November 1939. Scorched walls were demolished in March 1940.


Gallery

WielkaSynagoga wew Lodz.jpg, Synagogue interior Bronisław Wilkoszewski – Synagoga i willa p. Hertza.jpg WielkaSynagoga1 Lodz.jpg Lodz - Destruction of the great synagogue - 1939.jpg, The former synagogue in 1939 Pomnik Wielka Synagoga Lodz.jpg, Commemoration stone on the former site STECK, Johann (1851-1914) Obituary, New Lózer Zeitung 1915.jpg, alt=STECK, Johann (1851-1914), who carried out construction of the Great Synagogue., Obituary of Johann Steck


See also

*
History of the Jews in Poland The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jews, Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long pe ...
*
List of active synagogues in Poland Before the Nazi German invasion of Poland in 1939, almost every Polish town had a synagogue or a Jewish house of prayer of some kind. The 1939 statistics recorded the total of 1,415 Jewish communities in the country just before the outbreak of ...


References


External links

1939 disestablishments in Poland 19th-century synagogues in Poland Buildings and structures demolished in 1939 Former Reform synagogues in Poland Romanesque Revival architecture in Poland Romanesque Revival synagogues Synagogue buildings with domes Synagogues completed in 1887 Synagogues in Łódź Synagogues in Poland destroyed by Nazi Germany {{Poland-synagogue-stub