The Great Suburb Synagogue (; ) was a synagogue at Bożnicza-Street 16 in

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

, in the

Lviv Oblast Lviv Oblast (, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (, ), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast in western Ukraine. The capital city, capital of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is History Name The region is named ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. The synagogue was developed in stages, with the men's prayer hall completed in 1632, located in what was then the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

. The synagogue was destroyed by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

in 1941 and the ruins dismantled during the late 1940s.

History

A wooden synagogue was erected in the Krakivske suburb in the early 1600s; however was short-lived due to fires. Permission for the construction of a stone synagogue was granted by

Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III Vasa (, ; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden from 1592 to 1599. He was the first Polish sovereign from the House of Vasa. Re ...

, the Roman Catholic

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

, in 1624. The initial construction of a men's prayer hall was completed in 1632, with its initial stonework attributed to Ambroży Przychylny, and a women's gallery was completed in 1635. In the mid-18th century, the synagogue was covered with a

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

-style high

mansard A mansard or mansard roof (also called French roof or curb roof) is a multi-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterised by two slopes on each of its sides, with the lower slope at a steeper angle than the upper, and often punctured by dormer wi ...

roof. The roof was subsequently lowered and round windows added in 1871. Further improvements were completed in the first quarter of the 20th century including replacing wooden ceilings and beams, installing lighting, painting of the walls by the Fleck brothers, Eryk and Maurycy, and the plastering of the

façade A façade or facade (; ) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French language, French (), which means "frontage" or "face". In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important asp ...

, interrupted by

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

and the Lwów pogrom of 1918. As the building evolved, the architectural style changed from Baroque to

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

, and then Neoclassical. The placement of the Bimah in the middle of the prayer hall became the prototype of many subsequent Jewish temples of significant size. Also unique was a gallery for students of the Beit Midrash and Talmud-Torah schools. A series of smaller prayer houses were attached to the synagogue, in the mode of separate chapels, including those belonging to the guilds of tailors and butchers, prayer rooms of brotherhoods, Talmudic schools and others, including "Hayutim Gedolim", "Menakrem", "Melamdim", "Nosey Katov", and "Sovhe Tzedek. The synagogue was burnt to destruction by the

Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

on 14 August 1941, during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, and was not rebuilt after war. During Soviet occupation, the ruins of the synagogue were dismantled. A commemorative plaque was erected on a neighbouring building.

References

External links

* 1632 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 18th-century synagogues in Europe Baroque synagogues in Ukraine Buildings and structures demolished in 1941 Buildings and structures in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Synagogues completed in 1632 Synagogues in Ukraine destroyed by Nazi Germany Synagogues in Lviv Lwów in World War II {{Ukraine-synagogue-stub

History

See also

References

External links