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Grbalj ( sr-Cyrl, Грбаљ), denotes a historic,
rural In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically desc ...
region of the
Montenegrin littoral The Montenegrin Littoral (), historically known as the Littoral or the Maritime, is the littoral or coastline region of Montenegro which borders the Adriatic Sea. The littoral was lost to Austria and Turkey during its collapse due to Ottoman invasio ...
, and a parish located between town of
Budva Budva (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Будва, or ) is a town in the Coastal Montenegro, Coastal region of Montenegro. It had 27,445 inhabitants as of 2023, and is the centre of Budva Municipality. The coastal area around Budva, called the Budv ...
and the
Luštica Luštica (Montenegrin language, Montenegrin: Луштица, ) is a peninsula on the south Adriatic Sea, located at the entrance of the Bay of Kotor ( or ''Boka'') in southwestern Montenegro. It effectively separates Tivat Bay from the Adriatic. ...
peninsula,
Bay of Kotor The Bay of Kotor ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Boka kotorska, Бока которска, separator=" / ", ), also known as the Boka ( sh-Cyrl, Бока), is a winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro and the region of Montenegro concentrated a ...
in coastal
Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , national_anthem = () , image_map = Europe-Mont ...
. Most of the region now lies within
Kotor Municipality Kotor Municipality ( Montenegrin: Opština Kotor / Општина Котор) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. Its administrative center is Kotor. This municipality is located in the southwestern part of Montenegro, and includes 56 reco ...
. It is a fertile region defined by the
Lovćen Lovćen ( cnr-Cyrl, Ловћен, ) is a mountain and national park in southwestern Montenegro. It is the inspiration behind the names ''Montenegro'' and ''Crna Gora'', both of which mean 'Black Mountain' and refer to the appearance of Mount ...
Mountain to the east, and terminating at the low western hills overlooking the
Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Se ...
to its west.


Etymology

Grbalj was derived from Gripuli or Grupuli, a derivation of Acruvium, the ancient
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
city located in this vicinity (considered most likely at present-day
Kotor Kotor (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Котор, ), historically known as Cattaro (from Italian language, Italian: ), is a town in Coastal Montenegro, Coastal region of Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Bay of Kotor. The city has ...
,
Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , national_anthem = () , image_map = Europe-Mont ...
).


Geography

The east side of the field, collectively referred to as Upper Grbalj, encompasses ten settlements. Lower Grbalj consists of all settlements at the western edge of the field.
Bigova Bigova () is a village in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , na ...
, located within a cove of the same name, is the only settlement situated on the coast. Upper and Lower Grbalj are divided by two creeks. To the south, Kovački Potok ("creek") drains along the
alluvial plain An alluvial plain is a plain (an essentially flat landform) created by the deposition of sediment over a long period by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms. A ''floodplain'' is part of the process, bei ...
of Mrčevo Field into Jaz Bay at the west end of
Jaz Beach Jaz ( sr-Cyrl, Јаз, ) is a beach in the Budva Municipality in Montenegro. It is located 2.5 km west of central Budva. It consists of two areas, one of which measures about 850 metres (or slightly under 1 km) and the other, formerly a ...
. Grbalj's named settlements include
Bigova Bigova () is a village in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , na ...
, Bratešići, Višnjeva,
Vranovići Vranovići () is a village in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = ...
, Glavati, Glavatičići, Gorovići, Dub, Zagora, Kovači, Krimovica, Kubasi, Lješevići,
Nalježići Nalježići () is a village in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = ...
, Pelinovo, Pobrđe, Prijeradi,
Sutvara Sutvara () is a village in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , n ...
,
Trešnjica Trešnjica is a river in western Serbia. The source of the river is situated on the Povlen mountain. After 23 km the Trešnjica joins the Drina near Ljubovija. Course The Trešnjica originates on the southwestern slope of the Povlen, at ...
, Ukropci, Šišići and Mačić. The
Adriatic Highway The Adriatic Highway () is a road that stretches along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and is part of the European route E65. The road passes through Croatia, with smaller stretches through Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro and end ...
goes through Grbalj. After its construction, and the subsequent 1979 earthquake, several new settlements were established along its route.


Economy

The region is an important agricultural area. The southern part of the field consists of orchards, vineyards and vegetable gardens. This part of the field ends with the Jaz beach. The industrial area of
Kotor Kotor (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Котор, ), historically known as Cattaro (from Italian language, Italian: ), is a town in Coastal Montenegro, Coastal region of Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Bay of Kotor. The city has ...
lies at the northern part of the Grbalj field.


History


Middle Ages

Grbalj was a
župa A župa, or zhupa, is a historical type of administrative division in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that originated in medieval South Slavs, South Slavic culture, commonly translated as "county" or "parish". It was mentioned for the first t ...
of the medieval
Serbian Serbian may refer to: * Pertaining to Serbia in Southeast Europe; in particular **Serbs, a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans ** Serbian language ** Serbian culture **Demographics of Serbia, includes other ethnic groups within the co ...
state of
Duklja Duklja ( sr-Cyrl, Дукља; ; ) was a medieval South Slavs, South Slavic state which roughly encompassed the territories of modern-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sou ...
, and subsequently part of the
Grand Principality of Serbia The Grand Principality of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Великожупанска Србија, Velikožupanska Srbija, separator=" / "), also known by the anachronistic exonym Raška (region), Rascia ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Рашка, Raška, separator=" ...
(1091–1217), the
medieval Kingdom of Serbia In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and t ...
(1217–1346), and the
Serbian Empire The Serbian Empire ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Српско царство, Srpsko carstvo, separator=" / ", ) was a medieval Serbian state that emerged from the Kingdom of Serbia. It was established in 1346 by Dušan the Mighty, who significantly expande ...
(1346–1371) until its fall. During his life, it was also the personal estate of
Stefan Vukanović Nemanjić Stefan Vukanović Nemanjić ( sr-cyr, Стефан Вукановић Немањић) was a Serbian prince, the son of Grand Prince Vukan Nemanjić (r. 1202-1204) and the nephew of Grand Prince and King Stefan the First-Crowned (r. 1196–12 ...
(fl. 1252). Most of Grbalj became part of the
Principality of Zeta This is a list of princes of Zeta. Background After Constantin Bodin's death, fighting among his potential successors weakened the state of Duklja and the region succumbed to Rascia's reign between 1183 and 1186. In 1190, Grand Župan of Ra ...
(1371-1378). Grbalj was part of the
Serbian Despotate The Serbian Despotate () was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is mistakenly considered the end of medieval Serbia, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravi ...
from 1421-1439. The regional, ''1427 Code of Grbalj'' was issued at the župa's Podlastva Monastery. During a transitional period of government, a peasant rebellion erupted in Grbalj (Zeta coast) against Kotor regarding the effects of control by Venice (1451-1452). As part of his efforts to align himself with Venice, Stefanica Crnojević suppressed the rebellion, devastating the region. In 1497, Firuz Beg captured Grbalj and put Zeta under his effective military control, although it was still part of the
Principality of Zeta This is a list of princes of Zeta. Background After Constantin Bodin's death, fighting among his potential successors weakened the state of Duklja and the region succumbed to Rascia's reign between 1183 and 1186. In 1190, Grand Župan of Ra ...
governed by
Stefan II Crnojević Stefan Crnojević ( sr-cyrl, Стефан Црнојевић, 1469–1499), or Stephen II was a nominal ruler of the Principality of Zeta between 1496 and 1499. Conspiring with Ottomans against Đurađ Until 1496, the ruler of Zeta had been Ste ...
. Grbalj eventually became part of what was known as
Venetian Albania Venetian Albania (, , , , ) was the official term for several possessions of the Republic of Venice in the southeastern Adriatic, encompassing coastal territories primarily in present-day southern Montenegro and partially in northern Albania. Se ...
.


Ottoman period

The
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
census of 1582–83 registered the " vilayet of the Black Mountain" (vilayet-i Kara Dağ, the Montenegro Vilayet), part of the
Sanjak of Scutari The Sanjak of Scutari or Sanjak of Shkodra (; ; or ''İşkodra Sancağı'') was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottoman Empire acquired Shkodra after the siege of Shkodra in 1478–9. It was part of th ...
, as having the following
nahiyah A nāḥiyah ( , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiyeh, nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level divisi ...
, with number of villages: Grbavci with 13 villages, Župa with 11,
Malonšići Malonšići (in older forms: Malončići and Malonjšiki, Cyrillic: Малоншићи) was a historical Tribes of Montenegro, tribe (''pleme'') of Albanians, Albanian origin and area in the Brda (Montenegro), Brda region of Montenegro. Malonši ...
with 7,
Pješivci Pješivci ( Serbian and Montenegrin: Пјешивци; ) was a historical tribe and region in Montenegro, consisting of numerous brotherhoods of mutual origin. It was one of the largest tribe from the area of Katunska nahija of Old Montenegro. ...
with 14,
Cetinje Cetinje ( cnr-Cyrl, Цетиње, ) is a List of cities and towns in Montenegro, town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital ( cnr-Latn-Cyrl, prijestonica, приjестоница, separator=" / ") of Montenegro and is the location of sev ...
with 16,
Rijeka Crnojevića Rijeka Crnojevića ( cnr-Cyrl, Ријека Црнојевића, lit=River of Crnojević noble family, Crnojević) is a town in Montenegro on the eponymous Rijeka Crnojevića (river), Rijeka Crnojevića River, near the shore of Lake Skadar lake, ...
with 31,
Crmnica Crmnica ( Montenegrin Cyrillic and sr-Cyrl, Црмница, ) is one of the local communities (''mjesne zajednice'') of the municipality of Bar and a historical region in southern Montenegro. It was one of the four sub-regions of Old Montenegro ...
with 11,
Paštrovići The Paštrovići ( sh-Cyrl, Паштровићи, ; or ) is a historical tribe and region in the Montenegrin Littoral. Paštrovići stretches from the southernmost part of the Bay of Kotor, from the cape of Zavala to Spič. Its historical ca ...
with 36 and Grbalj with 9 villages; a total of 148 villages.


Contemporary history

In 1869, Ivo and Jovan Rafailović led a Grbalj uprising against Austria. Grbalj had been an
opština , , , or (Cyrillic: , or ), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and p ...
, ("municipality") in post-WWI Yugoslavia. In 1970, football club
OFK Grbalj Omladinski fudbalski klub Grbalj (, ) is a Montenegrin professional football club based in the small town of Radanovići, municipality of Kotor. They currently compete in the Montenegrin Second League. History The first football club in Radanov ...
was founded in
Radanovići, Kotor Radanovići ( Montenegrin Cyrillic: Радановићи) is a small town in the municipality of Kotor, Montenegro. Town is also part and largest settlement of historical rural region of Grbalj at the coastal region of Montenegro. Town of Radan ...
.


Culture

The
Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The majority of the populat ...
Podlastva Monastery lies in Grbalj. People from Grbalj are known by the
demonym A demonym (; ) or 'gentilic' () is a word that identifies a group of people ( inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place ( hamlet, village, town, city, region, ...
''Grbljani'' and are often perceived as a clan. Overall, in Montenegro, the Nemanjić cult was more widespread than that of Prince Lazar's, though in Grbalj, the latter cult became particularly popular, with the locals claiming Lazar as a native.


Notable people

*
Svetozar Marović Svetozar Marović ( Montenegrin Cyrillic: Светозар Маровић; born 31 March 1955) is a Montenegrin lawyer and politician who served as the last head of state and head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 until Montenegro ...
, former politician and convicted criminal, born in Kotor *
Mitrofan Ban Mitrofan Ban (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Serbian Cyrillic: Митрофан Бан; 15 May 1841 – 30 September 1920) was Bishop of Cetinje, Metropolitan of Montenegro, and exarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church. He was also Archimandrite of the ...
, Orthodox bishop, born in Glavati * Lazo M. Kostić, Montenegrin Serb lawyer, historian and publicist *
Đorđe Mihailović Đorđe Mihailović ( sr-Cyrl, Ђорђе Михаиловић; 1 May 1928 – 2 July 2023) was a keeper of the Serbian Military Cemetery at Zeitenlik, in Thessaloniki. For more than half a century Mihailović welcomed and sent off the descenda ...
, keeper of the Serbian Military Cemetery at
Zeitenlik Zeitenlik (, sr-Cyrl, Зејтинлик) is an Allies (World War I), Allied military cemetery and World War I memorial park in Thessaloniki, the largest military cemetery in Greece. It contains the graves of circa 20,000 Serbs, Serbian, Frenc ...
*
Ivica Kralj Ivica Kralj (, ; born 26 March 1973) is a Montenegrin former professional association football, footballer who played as a goalkeeper (association football), goalkeeper. During his playing career, Kralj was best known for his time at FK Partizan ...
, football goalkeeper, born in Tivat *
Milan Tičić Milan Tičić (14 August 1979, Cetinje) is a Montenegrin water polo player who plays for VK Partizan, NOB Glyfada, Rari Nantes Florentia, NC Vouliagmeni, GSS Panionios and VK Budva. Milan won European Waterpolo Championship in Malaga 2008. The e ...
, water polo player, born in Budva *
Vuk Vrčević Vuk Vrčević ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Врчевић; Risan, 26 February 1811 – Dubrovnik, 13 August 1882) was a collector of lyric poetry and companion of Vuk Karadžić, the famed linguist and reformer of the Serbian language. He also translated int ...
, collector of folk tales * Ilija Tučević, football player, born in Kotor *
Marko Carević Marko "Bato" Carević ( sr-cyrl, Марко "Бато" Царевић; born 1966) is a Montenegrin politician, businessman and a football executive. He served as the mayor of Budva from 9 January 2019 until 12 August 2022. Biography Early l ...
, former mayor of Budva


References


Works cited

*


External links

* {{Geographical regions of Montenegro Kotor Municipality Subdivisions of Serbia in the Middle Ages Regions of Montenegro Historical regions in Montenegro