''Grapholita'' is a large
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
tortrix moth
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genu ...
s (
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Tortricidae). It belongs to
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Tortricidae.
Genera ''incertae sedis''
This tortricine genus has not been assigned to a tribe yet:
:''Melanalopha''
References
* Olethreutine Moths of the Midwestern United States, An Ident ...
, and therein to the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
Grapholitini
Grapholitini is a tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contest ...
, of which it is the
type genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
Zoological nomenclature
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...
.
[Baixeras et al. (2009a)]
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich Treitschke
Georg Friedrich Treitschke (; 29 August 1776 – 4 June 1842) was a German librettist, translator and lepidopterist.
In 1800, he came to the Vienna Hofoper. From 1809 to 1814, he was principal of the Viennese Theater an der Wien. He wrote mo ...
established ''Grapholita'' in 1829 – in the 7th volume of ''Schmetterlinge von Europa'', with a
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
he claimed to be "''Pyralis dorsana''", a
taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...
established by
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is co ...
in his 1775 ''Systema Entomologiae''. But Treitschke was misled by
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology.
Scientific career
Hübner was the author of '' ...
's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.
The actual ''P. dorsana'' is today known as ''
Dichrorampha petiverella
''Dichrorampha petiverella'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm.
The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, posteriorly irrorated with pale orange ochreous. The costa is posteriorly st ...
'', as it had already been described by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
in his
1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
edition of ''
Systema Naturae
' (originally in Latin written ' with the Orthographic ligature, ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Sweden, Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the syste ...
'' as ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''petiverella''. The "''Pyralis dorsana''" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as ''Tortrix lunulana'' by
Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: ''Sined the Bard'', (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
Life
Denis was born at Schärdin ...
and
Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a syste ...
in 1775, which thus is today ''
Grapholita lunulana
''Grapholita lunulana'' is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
The wingspan is 12–17 mm. The forewi ...
''.
Species
''Grapholita'' currently has 126 recognised
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against ''
Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software unauthorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to the digital distribution platform for software on ...
'' is in need of further study:
[Baixeras et al. (2009b)]
* ''
Grapholita amictana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
(Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
* ''
Grapholita amphitorna
''Grapholita amphitorna'' is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one win ...
''
(Turner, 1916)
* ''
Grapholita andabatana
''Grapholita andabatana'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Niels Laue Wolff in 1957. It is found in Denmark, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovakia, Poland and Russia.
The wingspan is 10–12 mm. Adults are on ...
''
[Sometimes placed in '']Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software unauthorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to the digital distribution platform for software on ...
'': see e.g. references in Savela (2005a) (Wolff, 1957)
* ''
Grapholita angleseana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita antitheta
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Grapholita arcia
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
Diakonoff, 1988
* ''
Grapholita arcuatana''
Kuznetzov, 1992
* ''
Grapholita astrapephora''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita aureolana''
* ''
Grapholita auroscriptana''
Caradja, 1916
* ''
Grapholita bigeminata''
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* ''
Grapholita biserialis''
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* ''
Grapholita boulderana''
McDunnough, 1942
* ''
Grapholita caecana''
* ''
Grapholita caeruleana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita callisphena
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family (biology), family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe (biology), tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonom ...
''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita caudicula''
Diakonoff, 1975
* ''
Grapholita cerasivora''
(Matsumura, 1917)
* ''
Grapholita chrysacrotoma''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita comanticosta''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita compositella''
– clover seed moth
* ''
Grapholita conficitana''
(Walker, 1863)
* ''
Grapholita conversana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita coronillana''
* ''
Grapholita cotoneastri''
Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita curviphalla''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita cyanogona''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita dactyla''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita decolorana''
Walker, 1863
* ''
Grapholita delineana''
* ''
Grapholita diaphorotorna''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Grapholita difficilana''
* ''
Grapholita dilectabilis''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita dimorpha''
Komai, 1979
* ''
Grapholita discretana''
* ''
Grapholita dohrniana''
Zeller, 1863
* ''
Grapholita dyarana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita dysaethria''
Diakonoff, 1982
* ''
Grapholita eclipsana''
Zeller, 1875
* ''
Grapholita edwardsiana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita endrosias''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita exigua''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita fana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita fimana''
Snellen, 1883
* ''
Grapholita fissana''
* ''
Grapholita fistularis''
(Meyrick, 1928)
* ''
Grapholita floricolana''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita funebrana''
– plum fruit moth
* ''
Grapholita geministriata''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Grapholita gemmiferana''
* ''
Grapholita globella
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita globovalva''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita glycyrrhizana''
* ''
Grapholita gypsothicta''
(Meyrick, 1938)
* ''
Grapholita hamatana''
Kennel, 1901
* ''
Grapholita heptatoma''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita hieroglyphana''
Blanchard & Knudson, 1984
* ''
Grapholita hyalitis''
(Meyrick, 1909)
* ''
Grapholita hylophanes''
(Meyrick, 1928)
* ''
Grapholita hymenosa''
Razowski, 2013
* ''
Grapholita imitativa''
Heinrich, 1926
* ''
Grapholita inopinata''
Heinrich, 1928
* ''
Grapholita internana''
* ''
Grapholita interstinctana''
(Clemens, 1860)
* ''
Grapholita iridescens''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita isacma''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita janthinana''
* ''
Grapholita jesonica''
(Matsumura, 1931)
* ''
Grapholita jucundata''
Kuznetzov, 1971
* ''
Grapholita junctistrigana''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Grapholita jungiella''
* ''
Grapholita komaii
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
Rose & Pooni, 2003
* ''
Grapholita kurilana''
Kuznetzov, 1976
* ''
Grapholita lana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita larseni''
* ''
Grapholita latens
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family (biology), family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe (biology), tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonom ...
''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita latericia''
Komai, 1999
* ''
Grapholita lathyrana''
813
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler ('' khan'') of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) is ...
!-- "1826"? -->)
* ''
Grapholita libertina''
Heinrich, 1926
* ''
Grapholita limbata''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Grapholita lobarzewskii''
* ''
Grapholita lunatana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita lunulana
''Grapholita lunulana'' is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
The wingspan is 12–17 mm. The forewi ...
''
* ''
Grapholita macrodrilus''
Diakonoff, 1984
* ''
Grapholita melicrossis''
(Meyrick, 1932)
* ''
Grapholita mesoscia''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Grapholita miranda''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Grapholita molesta''
– Oriental fruit moth, peach moth
* ''
Grapholita namatophora''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita nebritana''
* ''
Grapholita nigrostriana''
* ''
Grapholita nucleana''
Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
* ''
Grapholita obliqua''
Diakonoff, 1982
* ''
Grapholita okui''
Komai, 1999
* ''
Grapholita omittana''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita optica''
(Meyrick, 1912)
* ''
Grapholita opulentica''
Kuznetzov, 1992
* ''
Grapholita orbiapex''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita orobana''
* ''
Grapholita packardi''
Zeller, 1875
* ''
Grapholita pagenstecheri''
Bradley, 1961
* ''
Grapholita pallifrontana''
* ''
Grapholita parvisignana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita patens''
Kuznetzov, 1971
* ''
Grapholita pavonana''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Grapholita prolopha''
(Meyrick, 1912)
* ''
Grapholita prunivora''
(Walsh, 1868)
* ''
Grapholita pycnograpta''
(Meyrick, 1936)
* ''
Grapholita rhabdotacra''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Grapholita rosana''
Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita schizodelta''
Diakonoff, 1982
* ''
Grapholita scintillana''
Christoph, 1882
* ''
Grapholita seclusana''
(Walker, 1866)
* ''
Grapholita semifusca''
Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita shadawana''
Liu & Chen, 2000
* ''
Grapholita siderocosma
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
Diakonoff, 1978
* ''
Grapholita sporosema''
(Meyrick, 1922)
* ''
Grapholita steringus''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Grapholita tenebrosana''
* ''
Grapholita tetrazancla''
(Turner, 1925)
* ''
Grapholita thermopsidis''
Eiseman & Austin, 2020
* ''
Grapholita tornosticha''
(Turner, 1946)
* ''
Grapholita torodetta''
(Meyrick, 1914)
* ''
Grapholita tricyanitis''
Dianokoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita tristriatana''
Pagenstecher, 1900
* ''
Grapholita tristrigana''
(Clemens, 1865)
* ''
Grapholita valens''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita vitrana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita yasudai''
Komai, 1999
* ''
Grapholita zapyrana''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita zariae''
Razowski, 2013
Synonyms
Obsolete
scientific name
In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...
s (
junior synonym
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
...
s and others) of ''Grapholita'' are:
[Baixeras et al. (2009a), and see references in Savela (2005b)]
* ''Aspila''
Stephens, 1834
* ''Coptoloma''
Lederer, 1859
* ''Ebisma''
Walker, 1866
* ''Endopisa''
Guenée, 1845
* ''Endopsia''
(''lapsus
In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking.
Investigations
In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and ...
'')
* ''Endopiza''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Ephippiophora''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Ephippiphora''
Duponchel, 1834
* ''Eudopisa''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Euspila''
Stephens, 1834
* ''Grapholitha''
Treitschke, 1830 (unjustified emendation)
* ''Grapholltha''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Opadia''
Guenée, 1845
* ''Stigmonota''
Guenée, 1845
Footnotes
References
* (2009a)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
Genus ''Grapholita'' account Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
* (2009b)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
''Grapholita'' species list Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
* (2009c)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
''Dichrorampha petiverella'' Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
* (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms &ndash
Version of 13 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
* (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms &ndash
Version of 13 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
* (1829):
enus ''Grapholita'' ''In: Die Schmetterlinge von Europa'' (Siebenter Band. Zünsler. G
nera''Herminia-Ennychia''.): 232. Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig
Fulltextat the
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including web ...
{{Taxonbar , from=Q1354955
Grapholitini
Tortricidae genera
Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke