The Graph500 is a rating of
supercomputer
A supercomputer is a type of computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instruc ...
systems, focused on
data-intensive loads. The project was announced on
International Supercomputing Conference in June 2010. The first list was published at the
ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November 2010. New versions of the list are published twice a year. The main performance metric used to rank the supercomputers is
GTEPS (
giga
Giga- ( or ) is a metric prefix, unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of a Long and short scales, short-scale billion or long-scale milliard (109 or 1,000,000,000). It has the symbol G.
''Giga-'' is derived from the Ancient Greek, ...
-
traversed edges per second The number of traversed edges per second (TEPS) that can be performed by a supercomputer cluster is a measure of both the communications capabilities and computational power of the machine. This is in contrast to the more standard metric of floati ...
).
Richard Murphy from
Sandia National Laboratories, says that "The Graph500's goal is to promote awareness of complex data problems", instead of focusing on computer benchmarks like HPL (High Performance Linpack), which
TOP500
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computing, distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these ...
is based on.
Despite its name, there were several hundreds of systems in the rating, growing up to 174 in June 2014.
The algorithm and implementation that won the championship is published in the paper titled "Extreme scale breadth-first search on supercomputers".
There is also list Green Graph 500, which uses same performance metric, but sorts list according to performance per Watt, like
Green 500 works with
TOP500
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computing, distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these ...
(HPL).
Benchmark
The benchmark used in Graph500 stresses the communication subsystem of the system, instead of counting double precision floating-point.
It is based on a breadth-first search in a large undirected graph (a model of
Kronecker graph with average degree of 16). There are three computation kernels in the benchmark: the first kernel is to generate the graph and compress it into sparse structures CSR or CSC (Compressed Sparse Row/Column); the second kernel does a parallel BFS search of some random vertices (64 search iterations per run); the third kernel runs a single-source shortest paths (SSSP) computation. Six possible sizes (Scales) of graph are defined: toy (2
26 vertices; 17 GB of RAM), mini (2
29; 137 GB), small (2
32; 1.1 TB), medium (2
36; 17.6 TB), large (2
39; 140 TB), and huge (2
42; 1.1 PB of RAM).
The reference implementation of the benchmark contains several versions:
* serial high-level in
GNU Octave
* serial low-level in C
* parallel C version with usage of
OpenMP
* two versions for
Cray-XMT
* basic
MPI version (with MPI-1 functions)
* optimized MPI version (with
MPI-2 one-sided communications)
The implementation strategy that have won the championship on the Japanese K computer is described in.
Top 10 ranking
According to June 2024 release of the list, for the BFS results section, Fugaku ranks highest, but in the SSSP results section Wuhan Supercomputer ranks highest, then Pengcheng Cloudbrain-II, then Fugaku; table shows for BFS results:
Spain (Barcelona), has a new supercomputer MareNostrum 5 ACC, ranked 8th.
2022
According to November 2022 release of the list:
2020
Arm-based
Fugaku took the top spot of the list.
2016
According to June 2016 release of the list:
2014
According to June 2014 release of the list:
2013
According to June 2013 release of the list:
See also
*
TOP500
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computing, distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these ...
*
Green500
*
HPCG benchmark
The High Performance Conjugate Gradients Benchmark (HPCG benchmark) is a supercomputing benchmark (computing), benchmark test proposed by Michael Heroux from Sandia National Laboratories, and Jack Dongarra and Piotr Luszczek from the University of ...
References
External links
* {{Official website
June 2014 Graph 500Introducing the Graph 500 paper by
Sandia
Supercomputer benchmarks
Top lists