Graded Salience Hypothesis
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The Graded Salience Hypothesis is a theory regarding the
psycholinguistic Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind ...
processing of word meaning, specifically in the context of
irony Irony, in its broadest sense, is the juxtaposition of what, on the surface, appears to be the case with what is actually or expected to be the case. Originally a rhetorical device and literary technique, in modernity, modern times irony has a ...
, developed by Rachel Giora. It assumes that priority is given in the psychological activation and semantic retrieval of salient over less salient meanings inside the mental lexicon in the process of language comprehension.


Lexical salience

The meaning(s) of a word can be considered salient if the associated meanings(s) is/are coded for in the mental lexicon. That said, the degree of salience of a given word meaning cannot be viewed as a permanent, defining characteristic, but rather as a function of a number of psycholinguistic factors, such as frequency, conventionality, familiarity, and prototypicality. The more frequent, conventional, familiar, or prototypical a given word meaning is, the greater degree of salience it holds.


Hypothesis

The graded salience hypothesis revolves around two major assumptions: 1. A salient meaning of a word is always activated and cannot be bypassed. 2. A salient meaning is always activated before any less salient meanings.Giora Rachel. 1997. "Understanding figurative and literal language: The graded salience hypothesis, ''Cognitive Linguistics'' 8-3: 183-206.


Role of context

In the view of the graded salience hypothesis, context has a very limited role. Even though it can facilitate activation of a word meaning, it cannot inhibit the process of the more salient meaning activation.Gibbs, Raymond. 1994. “Figurative Thought and Figurative Language”, in: Morton Ann Gernsbacher (ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics. San Diego: Academic Press, 411-442.


See also

* Gradient Salience Model *
Irony Irony, in its broadest sense, is the juxtaposition of what, on the surface, appears to be the case with what is actually or expected to be the case. Originally a rhetorical device and literary technique, in modernity, modern times irony has a ...


References


Further reading

*Giora Rachel. 2002. "Literal vs. figurative language: Different or equal?", ''Journal of Pragmatics'' 34: 487–506. *Giora Rachel & Ofer Fein. 1999. "Irony comprehension: The graded salience hypothesis", ''Humor'' 12-4: 425–436. *Kecskes Istvan. 2006. "On my mind: thought about salience, context and figurative language from a second language perspective": ''Second Language Research'' 22,2: 1-19.


External links

* http://www.tau.ac.il/~giorar/articles.htm Irony Semantics {{semantics-stub