Glochidion Lanceolatum
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''Glochidion'' is a genus of
flowering plants Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
in the family
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the eudicot Order (biology), order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae.Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogeneti ...
, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pacific Islands. ''Glochidion'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some
Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...
species including ''
Aenetus eximia ''Aenetus eximia'' is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from southern Queensland, Australia, to Tasmania. The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including ''Syzygium smithii'', '' Eucalyptus grandis'', '' Waterhousea floribunda'', ...
'' and ''
Endoclita damor ''Endoclita damor'' is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from India and the Himalayas. Food plants for this species include ''Albizia'', ''Altingia'', ''Cinchona'', ''Coffea'', ''Erythrina'', ''Eugenia'', ''Glochidion'', '' M ...
''. The
Nicobarese people The Nicobarese people are an Austroasiatic-speaking people of the Nicobar Islands, a chain of islands in the Bay of Bengal north of Sumatra, forming part of the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The Nicobar Archipelago cons ...
have attested to the medicinal properties found in ''G. calocarpum'', saying that its bark and seed are most effective in curing abdominal disorders associated with
amoebiasis Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba '' Entamoeba histolytica''. Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may include lethargy, loss of weight, colon ...
. ''Glochidion'' are of note in the fields of pollination biology and
coevolution In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term sometimes is used for two traits in the same species affecting each other's evolution, as well a ...
because they have a specialized
mutualism Mutualism may refer to: * Mutualism (biology), positive interactions between species * Mutualism (economic theory), associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon * Mutualism (movement), social movement promoting mutual organizations * Mutualism model o ...
with moths in the genus ''
Epicephala ''Epicephala'' (leafflower moths) is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. ''Epicephala'' is of note in the fields of Anthecology, pollination biology and coevolution because many species in this genus are pollinators of plants in the g ...
'' (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries, where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment. Other species of ''Epicephala'' are pollinators, and in some cases, non-pollinating seed predators, of certain species of plants in the genera ''
Phyllanthus ''Phyllanthus'' is the largest genus in the plant family Phyllanthaceae. Estimates of the number of species in this genus vary widely, from 750David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book.'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University ...
'' and ''
Breynia ''Breynia'' is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia. The name ''Breynia'' is a conserved name, it is recog ...
'', both closely related to ''Glochidion''. This relationship is similar to those between figs and
fig wasp Fig wasps are wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea which spend their larval stage inside fig syconia. Some are pollinators but others simply feed off the plant. The non-pollinators belong to several groups within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, ...
s and yuccas and yucca moths. Although the genus ''Glochidion'' is native only to the
Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...
, the East Asian species ''
Glochidion puberum ''Glochidion puberum'' is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is native to China, where it is widely distributed in both subtropical and temperate regions (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hub ...
'' has become naturalized at several locations in the U.S. state of
Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...
. In a 2006 revision of the Phyllanthaceae, it was recommended that ''Glochidion'' be subsumed in ''Phyllanthus''. New combinations in ''Phyllanthus'' have been published for Madagascar and the Pacific Islands, but most remain to be published.


Selected species

,
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
accepts 169 species. Selected species include: *''
Glochidion apodogynum ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'' *''
Glochidion barronense ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'' *''
Glochidion benthamianum ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'' *''
Glochidion bourdillonii ''Glochidion bourdillonii'' is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, foll ...
'' *''
Glochidion calocarpum ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'' *''
Glochidion candolleanum ''Glochidion candolleanum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is a tree native to Sri Lanka and southern India (Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is the southernmost States and union territories ...
'' (synonyms ''Glochidion pauciflorum'' and ''Glochidion sisparense'' ) *''
Glochidion carrickii ''Glochidion carrickii'' is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natu ...
'' *''
Glochidion christophersenii ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'' *''
Glochidion comitum ''Glochidion comitum'' is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to Pitcairn. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no ...
'' *'' Glochidion disparipes'' *'' Glochidion eriocarpum'' *''
Glochidion ferdinandi ''Glochidion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Madagascar to the Pa ...
'' - cheese tree, buttonwood, pencil cedar, water gum, rain tree :* var. ''ferdinandi'' :* var. ''pubens'' *'' Glochidion grantii'' *'' Glochidion harveyanum'' - buttonwood, daphne buttonwood :* var. ''harveyanum'' :* var. ''pubescens'' *'' Glochidion hohenackeri'' ** ''Glochidion hohenackeri'' var. ''hohenackeri'' ** ''Glochidion hohenackeri'' var. ''johnstonei'' (synonym ''Glochidion johnstonei'' ) *''
Glochidion hylandii ''Glochidion hylandii '' known as the buttonwood, Hyland's buttonwood or pin flower tree is a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is found in tropical north eastern Australia in the vicinity of the Atherton Tableland. Usually a small tree foun ...
'' *''
Glochidion insulare ''Glochidion insulare'' is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia, historically known as Malaya and also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, is the weste ...
'' *'' Glochidion lanceolarium'' *'' Glochidion lobocarpum'' *'' Glochidion longfieldiae'' *'' Glochidion manono'' *'' Glochidion marchionicum'' (synonym '' Glochidion tooviianum'' ) *'' Glochidion marianum'' *'' Glochidion moonii'' *'' Glochidion moorei'' *'' Glochidion myrtifolium'' *'' Glochidion nadeaudii'' *'' Glochidion nemorale'' (synonym ''Glochidion gardneri'' ) *'' Glochidion papenooense'' *'' Glochidion perakense'' - umbrella cheese tree, buttonwood :* var. ''supra-axillare'' *'' Glochidion philippicum'' *'' Glochidion pitcairnense'' *'' Glochidion pruinosum'' *''
Glochidion puberum ''Glochidion puberum'' is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is native to China, where it is widely distributed in both subtropical and temperate regions (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hub ...
'' *'' Glochidion pungens'' *'' Glochidion raivavense'' *''
Glochidion ramiflorum ''Glochidion'' is a genus of Flowering plant, flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Mad ...
'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. *'' Glochidion rapaense'' *''
Glochidion seemannii ''Glochidion'' is a genus of Flowering plant, flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, known as cheese trees or buttonwood in Australia, and leafflower trees in the scientific literature. It comprises about 170 species, distributed from Mad ...
'' Müll.-Arg. *'' Glochidion sessiliflorum'' :* var. ''pedicellatum'' :* var. ''sessiliflorum'' :* var. ''stylosum'' *'' Glochidion stellatum'' *'' Glochidion stylosum'' *'' Glochidion symingtonii'' *'' Glochidion taitense'' *'' Glochidion temehaniense'' *'' Glochidion xerocarpum'' *'' Glochidion zeylanicum'' **''Glochidion zeylanicum'' var. ''arborescens'' **''Glochidion zeylanicum'' var. ''arunachalense'' **''Glochidion zeylanicum'' var. ''paucicarpum'' ** ''Glochidion zeylanicum'' var. ''tomentosum'' (synonym ''Glochidion tomentosum'' ) ** ''Glochidion zeylanicum'' var. ''zeylanicum'' (synonym ''Glochidion sumatranum'' )


References


External links


Youtube video of a ''Glochidion lanceolarium'' flower being pollinated by an ''Epicephala lanceolaria'' moth
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1245856 Phyllanthaceae genera