Globigerinoidea is a superfamily of free-living, calcareous,

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against ocean current, currents (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are ca ...

foraminifera Foraminifera ( ; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are unicellular organism, single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class (biology), class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular Ectoplasm (cell bio ...

l protists that have lived in the open ocean since the

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

. It is part of the suborder

Globigerinina The Globigerinina is a suborder of foraminiferans that are found as marine plankton. They produce hyaline calcareous Test (biology), tests, and are known as fossils from the Jurassic period onwards. The group has included more than 100 genera a ...

.Globigerinoidea
World Foraminifera Database, accessed 27 November 2018

Tests Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film) ...

are trochospiral but later chambers may be enveloping. walls are perforate with numerous small pores or fewer larger ones and the surface may be covered with narrow elongate monocrystalline spines. Apertures vary in position from interiomarginal to equatorial and may be relatively large. Secondary apertures along the sutures may also be found. Two families are included, the Globigerinidae and Hastigerinidae. The Globigerinacea, sensu Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, is essentially the Globigerinidae of Loeblich and Tappan, 1964, even though reduced in size. The Globigerinidae (L&T 1964) has a longer range, extending from the Late Cretaceous (

Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...

) because of the inclusion of ''Globorotalioides'' which has been moved to the Globorataliacea as ''Eoglobiberina''. Four subfamilies are included in the Globigerinidae (L&T 1964), the Globigerininae, Sphaeroidinellinae, Capsydracinae, and Obitoidinae. The Globigerinindae is now the Globigerinidae as emended. The Sphaeroidinellinae have been incorporated into the Globigerininae, sensu Loeblich and Tappan 1988. The Capsydracinae and Obitoidinae have been removed to the

Globorotaliacea The Globoroatioidea (Globorotaliacea in older classifications) constitutes a superfamily of Cenozoic plantonic foraminifera. It is part of the suborder Globigerinina.

, respectively as the Capsydrancidae and Candeinidae.

References

* A. R. Loeblich & H. Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida;

Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,'' published from 1953–2007 by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, then 2009–present by the University of Kansas Paleontological Institute, is a definitive multi-authore ...

, Part C Protista 2. * Loeblich & Tappan, 1988. Forminiferal Genera and their Classification. E-book {{Taxonbar, from=Q5571057 Globigerinina Foraminifera superfamilies