The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success in

innovation Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or service (economics), services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a n ...

, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by

INSEAD INSEAD ( ; French: ''Institut européen d'administration des affaires'') is a non-profit business school with locations in Europe (Fontainebleau, France), Asia (Singapore), the Middle East (Abu Dhabi, UAE) and North America (San Francisco, USA ...

and ''World Business'', a British magazine. Until 2021, it was published by WIPO in partnership with

Cornell University Cornell University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university based in Ithaca, New York, United States. The university was co-founded by American philanthropist Ezra Cornell and historian and educator Andrew Dickson W ...

, and other organisations and institutions. It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)In the other common languages of the ITU: * * is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information ...

, the

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development ...

, and the

World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, international advocacy non-governmental organization and think tank, based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German ...

History

The Global Innovation Index was started in 2007 by

and ''World Business'', a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.

Methodology

The Global Innovation Index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices (the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index), which are composed of respectively five and two pillars. Each of those pillars describes an attribute of innovation and have to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method. Since its inception in 2007, the index has had its results analyzed by an increasing number of governments annually, which design policy responses to improve their performance. The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for

sustainable development Sustainable development is an approach to growth and Human development (economics), human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.United Nations General ...

adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.

Criticism

Four Serbian scholars (Predrag Dašić, Jovan Dašić, Dejan Antanasković and Nina Pavićević) think that the index has been criticised for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that are not integral to innovation. For instance, "Ease of Paying Taxes", "Electricity Output" (half-weightage), and "Ease of Protecting Minority Investors" are factors alongside "Ease of Getting Credit" and "Venture Capital Deals."

Themes

Every two years, the index covers a theme related to innovation that goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was "Who will finance innovation?" and shed light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and by pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous themes covered topics such as health innovation, environmental innovation, and agricultural and food innovation.

Ranking

Movement in the GII top 10 between 2018 and 2022

The Global Innovation Index 2024 scores 133 countries and regions. The sorting order is in descending score.

History

Methodology

Criticism

Themes

Ranking

See also

References

Further reading