The Gladenbach Uplands (), named after their central town of
Gladenbach
Gladenbach [] is a town in Hesse, Germany, in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district.
Geography
Location
The town of Gladenbach lies on the eastern edge of the Westerwald in the Hessian Highland (''Bergland''). This part of the Lahn-Dill Highlan ...
, is a range of hills up to 609 m high in the
Rhine Massif
The Rhenish Massif, Rhine Massif or Rhenish Uplands (, : 'Rhenish Slate Uplands') is a geologic massif in western Germany, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg and northeastern France. It is drained centrally, south to north by the river Rhine and a few ...
in Germany, on the junction of the
Rothaar Mountains
The Rothaar Mountains (, , also ''Rotlagergebirge''), or Rothaar, is a low mountain range reaching heights of up to 843.1 m in North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse, Germany.
It is believed that its name must once have been ''Rod-Hard-Gebirge'', ...
(north and northwest),
Westerwald
The Westerwald (; literally 'Western forest') is a low mountain range on the right bank of the river Rhine in the States of Germany, German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a part of the Rhenish Ma ...
(southwest), (Eastern) Hintertaunus (in the south) and
West Hesse Highlands
The West Hesse Highlands (), also known as the West Hessian Lowlands and Highlands (''Westhessisches Berg- und Senkenland''), are a heavily forested region of the Central Uplands in Germany. These highlands lie mainly within the state of Hesse, be ...
in the east.
It lies in Central
Hesse
Hesse or Hessen ( ), officially the State of Hesse (), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major hist ...
within the districts of
Marburg-Biedenkopf
Marburg-Biedenkopf is a ''Kreis'' (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Waldeck-Frankenberg, Schwalm-Eder, Vogelsbergkreis, Gießen, Lahn-Dill, Siegen-Wittgenstein.
History
The district was created in 1974 when t ...
,
Lahn-Dill
Lahn-Dill is an electoral constituency (German: ''Wahlkreis'') represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 171. It is located ...
and
Gießen
Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the German state () of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.
Th ...
within the so-called
Lahn
The Lahn () is a , right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the States of Germany, federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).
...
-
Dill
Dill (''Anethum graveolens'') is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae. It is native to North Africa, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula; it is grown widely in Eurasia, where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring ...
-(Dietzhölze-) loop. Small parts of the Upper Lahn Valley in the northwest belong, together with the town of
Bad Laasphe
Bad Laasphe () is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district.
Geography
Location
The town of Bad Laasphe lies in the upper Lahn Valley, near the stately home of Wittgenstein Castle (de) (nowadays a boarding ...
, also to the district of
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Siegen-Wittgenstein is a Kreis (district) in the southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Olpe (district), Olpe, Hochsauerlandkreis, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Marburg-Biedenkopf, Lahn-Dill, Westerwaldkreis, and Altenkirche ...
,
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a States of Germany, state () in Old states of Germany, Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the List of German states by population, most ...
.
The Gladenbach Uplands are geographical unit 320 which is part of the natural region 32, the
Westerwald
The Westerwald (; literally 'Western forest') is a low mountain range on the right bank of the river Rhine in the States of Germany, German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a part of the Rhenish Ma ...
, in Germany's system of
natural region
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.
From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and ...
s. The Gladenbach Highlands is largely coextensive with the Lahn-Dill Uplands Nature Park which extends further west, however, but is somewhat less extensive in the southeast and whose boundaries tend to line up with those of the sponsoring municipalities. In addition, not insignificant areas belong to the historical
Hessian Hinterland
The land known as the Hessian Hinterland () lies within the region of Middle Hesse and is concentrated around the old Districts of Germany, district of , that is the western part of the present district of Marburg-Biedenkopf, as well as elements o ...
, which is why the two named articles refer to one another, as far as regional associations, culture and history are concerned. Geology and mining will be largely covered in the article on the Lahn-Dill Region
Geography
Location and boundaries
On the rivers Lahn and Dill the following towns - clockwise from the north - border the Gladenbach Uplands:
*
Bad Laasphe
Bad Laasphe () is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district.
Geography
Location
The town of Bad Laasphe lies in the upper Lahn Valley, near the stately home of Wittgenstein Castle (de) (nowadays a boarding ...
(northwest)
*
Biedenkopf
Biedenkopf () is a spa town in western Hesse, Germany with a population of 13,491 (2020).
Geography
Location
The town of Biedenkopf lies in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Ringed by mountains reaching up to above sea level – the ...
(north)
* Western suburbs of
Marburg
Marburg (; ) is a college town, university town in the States of Germany, German federal state () of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf Districts of Germany, district (). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has ...
(northeast)
*
Lollar
Lollar () is a town in the district of Gießen, in Hesse, in west-central Germany. It is situated on the river Lahn, 7 km north of Gießen. The biggest production site of Bosch Thermotechnology is located in Lollar.
During World War II, i ...
(southeast)
*
Gießen
Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the German state () of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.
Th ...
(southeast)
*
Wetzlar
Wetzlar () is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany. It is the twelfth largest city in Hesse with currently 55,371 inhabitants at the beginning of 2019 (including second homes). As an important cultural, industrial and commercial center, the un ...
Dillenburg
Dillenburg, officially Oranienstadt Dillenburg, is a town in Hesse's Gießen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis.
The town lies on the German- Dutch holiday roa ...
(west)
The northwest transitions to the Rothaar Mountains are comparatively fluid. Here the watershed between the
Lahn
The Lahn () is a , right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the States of Germany, federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).
...
tributaries of the Banfe and Perf define the boundary.
Rivers and streams
The natural regions mentioned above are generally divided between the catchment areas of the der
Lahn
The Lahn () is a , right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the States of Germany, federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).
...
and
Dill
Dill (''Anethum graveolens'') is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae. It is native to North Africa, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula; it is grown widely in Eurasia, where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring ...
tributaries and the landscapes separated by these rivers.
The most important watercourses, in addition to the boundary rivers of the Lahn, Dill and
Dietzhölze
The Dietzhölze is a river of Hesse, Germany. It flows into the Dill in Dillenburg.
At the confluence with the Dill, the Dietzhölze is somewhat longer than its parent river, but has a much smaller catchment area (88 km² compared to 162 km² fo ...
– are the
Aar
The Aare () or Aar () is the main tributary of the High Rhine (its discharge even exceeds that of the latter at their confluence) and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.
Its total length from its source to i ...
Allna
The Lahn () is a , right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).
It has its source ...
.
The following rivers and streams are sorted in clockwise order i.e. down the Lahn and up the Dill, beginning with the upper reaches of the Lahn in the north and cover a catchment area of over 20 km²:River data from WRRL Hessen
(the natural regions are linked in the column of their most important river!)
→ ''to full list''
The outer boundary of the Gladenbach Uplands is formed by the Lahn and Dill accompanied in the north (upper reaches of the
Lahn
The Lahn () is a , right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the States of Germany, federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km).
...
Marburg
Marburg (; ) is a college town, university town in the States of Germany, German federal state () of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf Districts of Germany, district (). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has ...
-
Gießen
Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the German state () of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.
Th ...
(mostly autobahn-like, clearly external in the Marburg area), in the east, south of the B 49 Gießen-
Wetzlar
Wetzlar () is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany. It is the twelfth largest city in Hesse with currently 55,371 inhabitants at the beginning of 2019 (including second homes). As an important cultural, industrial and commercial center, the un ...
(mostly autobahn-like) and in the southwest (lower reaches of the
Dill
Dill (''Anethum graveolens'') is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae. It is native to North Africa, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula; it is grown widely in Eurasia, where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring ...
Dillenburg
Dillenburg, officially Oranienstadt Dillenburg, is a town in Hesse's Gießen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis.
The town lies on the German- Dutch holiday roa ...
-
Biedenkopf
Biedenkopf () is a spa town in western Hesse, Germany with a population of 13,491 (2020).
Geography
Location
The town of Biedenkopf lies in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Ringed by mountains reaching up to above sea level – the ...
(see above) roughly closes the remaining gap.
Waterbodies
The most important reservoir in the Gladenbach Uplands is the Aartalsee (57 ha, 270 m above NN) in the Niederweidbach Basin, followed by the Perf Reservoir (18 ha, 301 m) in the Breidenbach Bottom (Breidenbach Bottom).
Hills
The hills of the Gladenbach Uplands, arranged by ridge or natural region, include the following: (Location of the natural regions with the Gladenbach Uplands and location of the hills within the natural region)
* Bottenhorn Plateaux - northwest of the centre
** ''
Angelburg
Angelburg is a municipality in western Marburg-Biedenkopf in northwest Middle Hesse in Germany.
Geography
Geographical location
The community is found about 12 km south of Biedenkopf in the Gansbach valley north of the ''Schelder Wald'' ...
'' (609 m) – west of the centre; occasionally counted as part of the Schelde Forest
*** ''Schmittgrund'' (590 m) – southern spur of the Angelburg, occasionally counted as part of the Schelde Forest
** ''Mattenberg'' (578 m) – north west
** ''Kurzbeul'' (566 m) – extreme west
** ''Würgeloh'' (563,9 m) north Hartenrod /
Bad Endbach
Bad Endbach is the westernmost municipality in Marburg-Biedenkopf district of the state of Hesse in Germany, and borders on the Lahn-Dill district.
Geography
Location
Bad Endbach lies in the Lahn-Dill Bergland (''ie'' Highland) in the foothills o ...
** ''Madche'' (560 m) – northwest
** '' Daubhaus'' (551,8 m) – extreme east, north of Rachelshausen
*** ''Allberg'' (528 m) – northeast of the Daubhaus
*** ''Hünstein'' (504 m) – north of the Allberg; not really an independent summit, but has an observation tower; gives its name to Holzhausen am Hünstein
** ''Bolzeberg'' (520 m) – extreme northeast
** ''Steffenberg'' (489 m) – extreme (west) north, gives its name to the municipality of Steffenberg
* Schelde Forest (in the narrow sense) – west
** ''Eschenburg'' (590 m NN) – north, above the
Dietzhölze
The Dietzhölze is a river of Hesse, Germany. It flows into the Dill in Dillenburg.
At the confluence with the Dill, the Dietzhölze is somewhat longer than its parent river, but has a much smaller catchment area (88 km² compared to 162 km² fo ...
Valley (which lies to the northwest)
** ''Hohe Koppe'' (540.2 m) – northeast
** ''Stockseite'' (516 m) – east
* Breidenbach Bottom – extreme north(west)
** ''Hemmerichskopf'' (562 m) – western boundary with the Rothaar Mountains
** '' Schwarzenberg'' (561 m) – northeast; centre of a large contiguous forest area southwest of
Biedenkopf
Biedenkopf () is a spa town in western Hesse, Germany with a population of 13,491 (2020).
Geography
Location
The town of Biedenkopf lies in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Ringed by mountains reaching up to above sea level – the ...
and east of
Breidenbach
Breidenbach is a municipality in the west of Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Hesse
Hesse or Hessen ( ), officially the State of Hesse (), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Fra ...
*** ''Hachenberg'' (552 m) – northern subpeak
*** ''Nimerich'' (533 m) – southeastern subpeak; highest point in the municipality of
Dautphetal
Dautphetal is a municipality in Hesse, Germany, and is among the six larger municipalities of the 22 in Marburg-Biedenkopf district.
Geography
The municipality lies in the western part of the district about 37 km east of Siegen and about 15 ...
** ''Schadenberg'' (545 m) – southwest of the centre
** ''Galgenberg'' (541 m) – extreme southwest
** ''Entenberg'' (535 m) – northwestern boundary to the Rothaar Mountains
* Zollbuche – centre
** ''Hirschhohl'' (503 m) – northwest boundary with the plateaux
** ''Schönscheid'' (498 m) – west, northwest Günterod
** ''
Bad Endbach
Bad Endbach is the westernmost municipality in Marburg-Biedenkopf district of the state of Hesse in Germany, and borders on the Lahn-Dill district.
Geography
Location
Bad Endbach lies in the Lahn-Dill Bergland (''ie'' Highland) in the foothills o ...
er Platte'' (up to 488 m) – centre
** ''Hemmerich'' (475.7 m) – east; forms with Koppe and Dreisberg the eastern trio of hills of the Gladenbach Uplands
*** ''Koppe'' (454 m) – with observation tower; near Gladenbach-Erdhausen
*** ''Dreisberg'' (448 m)
* Damshäuser Kuppen – northeast
** '' Rimberg'' (498 m) – east north; with observation tower
** ''Kappe'' (494 m) – west north
** ''Schweinskopf'' (472 m) – north west, near Dautphetal-Herzhausen
** ''Eichelhardt'' (465 m) – northwest
** ''Dusenberg'' (457 m) – extreme west, near Dautphetal-Herzhausen
** ''Hornberg'' (451 m) – extreme northwest
** ''Hungert'' (412 m) – extreme northeast; pyramidal Kuppe on the boundary with the Marburg Ridge
** ''Auersberg'' (385 m) – east, between
Elnhausen
Elnhausen is a borough (''Ortsbezirk'') of Marburg in Hesse.Nesselbrunn and Dilschhausen
** ''Donnerberg'' (370 m) – southeast, northeast of Gladenbach
* Krofdorf-Königsberg Forest – south and southeast
** '' Dünsberg'' (498 m) – east centre; volcanic singularity with Celtic excavation sites, TV transmission tower and observation tower
** '' Altenberg'' (442 m) – northwest centre, observation tower
** ''Ramsberg'' (ca. 435 m) – north; Hohensolms Castle
** ''Forst Krofdorf'' (up to 357 m) – east; large contiguous forest region that links the Dünsberg to the east with the Lahn Valley
** ''Königsstuhl'' (348 m) – south; one of the southernmost hills of the Gladenbach Uplands
* Hörre – southwest
** ''Alteburg'' (445 m) – in the centre
** ''Roßberg'' (392 m) – northeast, south of Bischoffen
** ''Koppe'' (354 m) – south, west of Kölschhausen
* Niederweidbach Basin – south of the centre
** ''Bergwald'' (im east up to 392 m) – east of the centre
*
Salzböde Valley
Salzböde is a river of Hesse, Germany. It is a right tributary of the river Lahn, which it joins near Lollar.
See also
*List of rivers of Hesse
This is a list of rivers of Hesse, Germany:
A
* Aar, tributary of the Dill
* Aar, tributary of ...
– northeast, east and southeast of the centre
** ''Kirchberg'' (362 m) – north, east of Gladenbach
** ''Lammerich'' (357 m) – north, southwest of Gladenbach
References
Literature
* Meynen, Emil (ed.): ''Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands.'' Selbstverlag der Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Remagen, 1953-1962 (Part 1, contains issues 1-5), ISBN B0000BJ19E
* Meynen, Emil (ed.): ''Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands.'' Selbstverlag der Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Remagen, 1959-1962 (Part 2, contains issues 6-9), ISBN B0000BJ19F
BfN
The German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (, ''BfN'') is the German government's scientific authority with responsibility for national and international nature conservation. BfN is one of the government's departmental research agencies an ...