Hisor () or Hisar (, ''Gissar'') is a city in western
Tajikistan
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...
, about 15 km west of
Dushanbe
Dushanbe is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Tajikistan. , Dushanbe had a population of 1,564,700, with this population being largely Tajiks, Tajik. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe, and from 1929 to 1961 as St ...
. The city was the seat of the former Hisar District, and is part of the
Districts of Republican Subordination
Districts under Tajikistan Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts of Republican Subordination or Districts under Republic(an) Subordination (; , Latin Tajik alphabet: ), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 distric ...
. It lies at an altitude of 799–824 m, surrounded by high mountains (
Gissar Range
The Hisar Range, formerly the Gissar Range, is a mountain range in Central Asia, in the western part of the Pamir-Alay system, stretching over 200 km in the general east–west direction across the territory of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
G ...
Aktau
Aktau (; ) is a city in south-west Kazakhstan, on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea. Aktau is on the Mangyshlak Peninsula in the Mangystau Region.
Known for its strategic location on the Caspian Sea, Aktau is a port, playing a key role in th ...
ranges to the south). The river
Khanaka
A Sufi lodge is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or ''tariqa'' and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education. They include structures also known as ''khānaqāh'', ''zāwiya'', ''ribāṭ'' ...
, a tributary to the
Kofarnihon
The Kofarnihon (, ) is one of the major tributaries of the Amu Darya (together with Vakhsh and Panj) in Tajikistan. The river is long and has a basin area of .
, flows through the town. Its population is estimated at 29,100 for the city proper and 308,100 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). As of 2002, its population was composed 81.6% of
Tajiks
Tajiks (; ; also spelled ''Tadzhiks'' or ''Tadjiks'') is the name of various Persian-speaking Eastern Iranian groups of people native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Even though the term ''Tajik'' ...
, 12.3%
Uzbeks
The Uzbeks () are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakhs, Kazakh and Karakalpaks, Karakalpak ...
, 3.6%
Russians
Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church ...
, and 2.5% others.
History
The fort of Hisar, residence of the Bukharan governor, is said to date back to
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia ( ; 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Hailing from Persis, he brought the Achaemenid dynasty to power by defeating the Media ...
and to have been captured twenty one times.
In 1504 the region was conquered by Muhammad Shaybani.
Babur
Babur (; 14 February 148326 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also ...
briefly conquered Hisar in 1511, but came back under control of the Uzbeks not long after. Hisar became a semi-independent principality in the next few decades and was ruled by a sultan, furnishing troops for Bukhara's military campaigns. In the 17th century the Tajiks became the dominant power in the region, obtaining the governorship of Hisar. During this period the Bukharan khanate was split between the khan in Bukhara and the ruler (usually one of his relatives) in Balkh, and Hisar was generally subordinate to the latter. The decline of Bukharan power after the assassination of Ubaydullah Khan in 1711 resulted in Hisor asserting its independence.
Only after the signing of the conclusion of the
Russian conquest of Bukhara
The Russian conquest of Bukhara was a series of wars, invasions, and subsequent conquests of the Central Asian Uzbek Emirate of Bukhara by the Russian Empire.
War
The nomads of Central Asia, who had produced great conquerors in the distant ...
with the signing of "Russian-Bukharan treaty of 1868", and with Russian military aid, was Bukhara able to reintegrate Hisar into its domain. With the dissolution of Bukhara and the
National delimitation in the Soviet Union
In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), national delimitation was the process of specifying well-defined national territorial units (Soviet socialist republics SR autonomous Soviet socialist republics
SSR
SSR may refer to:
Businesses, entertainment and products
* Solid State Records, a Christian record label
* Chevrolet SSR, a Chevrolet small truck
* Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa
* Small Screen Rendering, a technology part of Opera Min ...
autonomous oblasts Tajik ASSR. The process was a result of practical consideration, as the Eastern half of Bukhara Emirate">Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik ASSR. The process was a result of practical consideration, as the Eastern half of Bukhara Emirate was more remote, more feudal, and less economically developped than the Western half (where the capital Bukhara was located), as well as the emergence of Tajik national identity, its divergence and clash with Uzbek national identity, and the result of intense debates and mutual compromise between the two emerging respective Tajik and Uzbek intelligencias.
Hisar was made a city on June 26, 1993.
Subdivisions
Before ca. 2018, Hisar was the seat of
Hisar District
Hisar district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, India. Hisar city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an SDM. The district is also part of ...
, which covered the rural part of the present city of Hisar isor. The city of Hisar covers Hisar proper, the town
Sharora
Sharora ( Tajik: Шарора, ) is a town and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Hisor in Districts of Republican Subordination
Districts under Tajikistan Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts of Republ ...
hot-summer Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...
(
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...
''Csa''). The average annual temperature is . The hottest month is July with an average temperature of and the coolest January with an average temperature of . The average annual precipitation is and there is an average of 90.5 days with precipitation. The wettest month is March with an average of of precipitation and the driest month is August with an average of .