Ginegar (), is a

kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...

in northern

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

not far from

Nazareth Nazareth is the largest Cities in Israel, city in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. In its population was . Known as "the Arab capital of Israel", Nazareth serves as a cultural, political, religious, economic and ...

. Located near

Migdal HaEmek Migdal HaEmek (, lit. ''Tower of the Valley'', also officially spelled Migdal HaEmeq, ) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. In it had a population of . Migdal HaEmek was established in 1953 as a ma'abara for Jews from Arab countr ...

, it falls under the jurisdiction of

Jezreel Valley Regional Council Jezreel Valley Regional Council (, ''Mo'atza Azorit Emek Yizra'el'') is a regional council in northern Israel that encompasses most of the settlements in the Jezreel Valley. It includes 15 kibbutzim, 15 moshavim, 6 community settlements and two B ...

. In it had a population of .

History

Ottoman era

In the Ottoman era, there was an Arab village here called ''Junjar'', probably preserving the name of the ancient Jewish village "Nigenar" or "Neginegar" traditionally considered the seat of rabbi

Johanan ben Nuri Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri (Hebrew: יוחנן בן נורי) was a '' tanna'' of the 1st and 2nd centuries. Biography He initially studied under the watch of Rabban Gamliel of Yavne and senior of Rabbi Akiva, and later took up residence in Beit Sh ...

. The village was mentioned in the

defter A ''defter'' was a type of tax register and land cadastre in the Ottoman Empire. Etymology The term is derived from Greek , literally 'processed animal skin, leather, fur', meaning a book, having pages of goat parchment used along with papyrus ...

for the year 1555–6, named ''Junjar'', located in the ''

Nahiya A nāḥiyah ( , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiyeh, nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level divisi ...

'' of

Tabariyya Tiberias ( ; , ; ) is a city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee in northern Israel. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebr ...

of the '' Liwa'' of

Safad Safed (), also known as Tzfat (), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevation of up to , Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel. Safed has been identified with (), a fortified town in the Upper Gal ...

. The village was designated as

Timar A timar was a land grant by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with an annual tax revenue of less than 20,000 akçes. The revenues produced from the land acted as compensation for military service. A ...

land. In 1882, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described ''Junjar'' as a small

adobe Adobe (from arabic: الطوب Attub ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is use ...

village, at the foot of the hills, supplied by a

well A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The ...

. A population list from about 1887 showed that ''Junjar'' had about 125 inhabitants; all

Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

Gottlieb Schumacher Gottlieb Schumacher (21 November 1857 – 26 November 1925) was an United States, American-born civil engineer, architecture, architect and archaeology, archaeologist of Germans, German descent, who was an important figure in the early archaeol ...

, as part of surveying for the construction of the

Jezreel Valley railway The Jezreel Valley railway, or the Valley Train (, ''Rakevet HaEmek'' ; ) was a railroad that existed in Ottoman Empire, Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine, British Palestine, New Jezreel Valley railway, reconstituted as a modern railway in Israel ...

, noted in 1900 that Junjar had increased slightly (compared with the SWP-findings), and it then numbered 16 huts and had about 70 inhabitants.

British Mandate era

Jinjar (Arab village)

The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the

Sursock Purchase The Sursock Purchases were land purchases made by Jewish organizations from the absentee landowning Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christian Sursock family, mainly from 1901 to 1925. These included the Jezreel Valley and Haifa Bay, as well as other l ...

. In 1921, 4,000 dunums of land in ''Jinjar'' was sold to Zionist groups by the

Sursock family The Sursock family (also spelled Sursuq) is a Greek Orthodox Christian family from Lebanon, and used to be one of the most important families of Beirut. Having originated in Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire, the family has lived in Bei ...

, its

absentee landlords In economics, an absentee landlord is a person who owns and rents out a profit-earning property, but does not live within the property's local economic region. The term "absentee ownership" was popularised by economist Thorstein Veblen's 1923 boo ...

in Lebanon. At the time, there were 25 families living there. At the time of the

1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divis ...

''Jenjar'' had a population of 175; 13 Jews, 118 Muslims and 44 Christian, where the Christians were 31 Orthodox and 13 Roman Catholics.

Kibbutz Ginegar

The kibbutz was established in 1922 in the

Lower Galilee The Lower Galilee (; ) is a region within the Northern District of Israel. The Lower Galilee is bordered by the Jezreel Valley to the south; the Upper Galilee to the north, from which it is separated by the Beit HaKerem Valley; the Jordan Rift ...

on the eve of

Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah (, , ) is the New Year in Judaism. The Hebrew Bible, biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah (, , ). It is the first of the High Holy Days (, , 'Days of Awe"), as specified by Leviticus 23:23–25, that occur in the late summe ...

. The Kibbutz was named after the ancient well of Gingar, which can today still be found under the laundry. The kibbutz founders, working at

moshav A moshav (, plural ', "settlement, village") is a type of Israeli village or town or Jewish settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 and 1 ...

im in the area at the time, came in the

second The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of U ...

and

third Aliyah The Third Aliyah () refers to the third wave, or aliyah, of modern Jewish immigration to Palestine (region), Palestine from Europe. This wave lasted from 1919, just after the end of World War I, until 1923, at the start of an economic crisis in P ...

s. They united in 1920 to establish Degania Gimel south of

Degania Bet Degania Bet () is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located to the south of the Sea of Galilee adjacent to Degania Alef, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council. Degania Bet was established in 1920. As of it had a populati ...

, at a site later used by kibbutz

Beit Zera Beit Zera () is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council. As of it had a population of . History In 1920, pioneers from Degania Alef foun ...

. From here they needed to move due to a lack of land, and so they arrived at Ginegar, which is believed to be a distortion of ''Nagnager'',Kibbutz Ginegar: After declaration, before forest
/ref> a village in the Galilee cited in the Talmud. In 1928, the

Jewish National Fund The Jewish National Fund (JNF; , ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael''; previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') is a non-profit organizationProfessor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion ...

recruited members of Ginegar to plant Balfour Forest, its first forestation project. In the 1931 census it had a population of 109, all Jews, in a total of 17 houses.Mills, 1932, p
73
/ref> File:גניגר - גניגר ויער בלפור (צילום מן האויר)-JNF035081.jpeg, Ginegar 1939 File:גניגר - בתי הדירה בגניגר ביובל העשרים לקיומה-JNF026669.jpeg, Ginegar 1942 File:גניגר - מגדל הצופים ביער בלפור-JNF030717.jpeg, Ginegar watchtower 1942

Economy

On the kibbutz is a large plastics factory, also named Ginegar. The factory produces mainly plastic products for

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

. Ginegar accepted volunteers who lived and worked on the kibbutz for many years, but the volunteer program was eventually phased out.If you build it, they will come

Jerusalem Post ''The Jerusalem Post'' is an English-language Israeli broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, Israel, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as ''The Palestine Post''. In 1950, it changed its name to ''The Je ...

References

Bibliography

* * * * * "beetles"; a ruined tower p
146
* * *

External links

Official website

*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8
IAAWikimedia commons
{{Authority control Kibbutzim Kibbutz Movement Jezreel Valley Regional Council Populated places established in 1922 Populated places in Northern District (Israel) Polish-Jewish culture in Israel Russian-Jewish culture in Israel 1922 establishments in Mandatory Palestine