Gilli-danda

Gillidanda is an ancient sport originating from South Asia that is still widely played throughout South Asia. The sport is also found as far north as the Mediterranean and as far east as Southeast Asia. It was a precursor to cricket in South Asia.

The game is played with two sticks: a large one called a ''danda'', which is used to hit a smaller one, the ''gilli''. It bears many similarities to bat and ball games such as cricket and baseball.

Gullidanda is an ancient sport that may date back more than 2,500 years.

Etymology

Gillidanda is known by various other names: Tip-cat in English, ''Iti-Dakar'' (اٽي ڏڪر) in Sindhi, ''guli-badi'' (ଗୁଲି ବାଡ଼ି) in Odia (regional variations ''dabalapua'' ଡାବଲପୁଆ and ପିଲବାଡ଼ି ''pilabadi'' in Phulbani and ''guti-dabula'' ଗୁଟିଡାବୁଳ in Balasore), gulli-ṭāṇ (𑂏𑂳𑂪𑂹𑂪𑂲 𑂗𑂰𑂝) in Bhojpuri, '' alak-doulak'' (الک دولک) in Persian, ''dānggűli'' (ডাঙ্গুলি) in Bengali, Tang Guti (টাং গুটি) in Assamese, ''chinni-kolu ಚಿನ್ನಿ ಕೋಲು'' in Kannada, kuttiyum kolum in Malayalam, ''vitti-dandu'' विट्टी दांडू in Marathi, ''Koyando-bal''(कोयंडो बाल) in Konkani, ''kitti-pul'' (கிட்டி-புல்) in Tamil, ''Gooti-Billa'' (Andhra Pradesh) or ''Karra-Billa'' (Andhra Pradesh) or ''Billam-Godu'' (Andhra Pradesh) or ''chirra-gonay'' (in Telangana) in Telugu, ''Gulli-Danda'' (/ਗੁੱਲ਼ੀ ਡੰਡਾ) in Punjabi, ''Geeti Danna'' () in Saraiki, ''Ampra kaakay''(am pra ka kay) in Pashto, ''Kon ko'' in Cambodian, ''Pathel Lele'' in Indonesian, ''syatong'' in Tagalog, ' in Ilonggo, ''çelikçomak'' in Turkish, ' in Zomi language, "Đánh Trỏng" or "Đánh Khăng" in Vietnam, Quimbumbia in Cuba and Lippa in Italy.

History

The sport of gillidanda is derived from ''ghaṭikā'', literally "tip-cat". Ghaṭikā is still known to countries from the Indian subcontinent and south Asian countries like Bangladesh and India. In Bangladesh, it is known as ''ḍāṅguli khelā'' while in Nepali, it is known as ''dandi biyo'' (डण्डी बियो), which is a similar game. The longer stick in ''ḍāṅguli khelā'' should be about and the shorter stick about . There are certain rules for preparing the sticks and playing the game with them. Gillidanda traces its roots back to ancient India. The game has been played for centuries and holds cultural significance. It was not only a source of recreation but also a way to develop physical agility and coordination among players.

Rules

Gillidanda is played with two pieces of equipment – a ''danda'', being a long wooden stick, and a ''gilli'', a small oval-shaped piece of wood. It is played with four or more players of even numbers.

Standing in a small circle, the player balances the ''gilli'' on a stone in an inclined manner (somewhat like a see-saw) with one end of the ''gilli'' touching the ground while the other end is in the air. The player then uses the ''danda'' to hit the ''gilli'' at the raised end, which flips it into the air. While it is in the air, the player strikes the ''gilli'', hitting it as far as possible. After striking the gilli, the player is required to run and touch a pre-agreed point outside the circle before an opponent retrieves the gilli.There are no specific dimensions of gillidanda and it does not have a limited number of players.

The ''gilli'' becomes airborne after it is struck. If a fielder from the opposing team catches the ''gilli'', the striker is out. If the ''gilli'' lands on the ground, the fielder closest to the ''gilli'' has one chance to hit the ''danda'' (which has to be placed on top of the circle used) with a throw (similar to a run out in cricket). If the fielder is successful, the striker is out; if not, the striker scores one point and gets another opportunity to strike. The team (or individual) with the most points wins the game. If the striker fails to hit the ''gilli'' in three tries, the striker is out (similar to a strikeout in baseball). After the ''gilli'' has been struck, the opposing players need to return to the circle or, in the best case, catch it in mid-air without it hitting the ground.

Variations

As an amateur youth sport, gilli danda has many regional variations. In some versions, the number of points a striker score depends on the distance the ''gilli'' falls from the striking point. The distance is measured in terms of the length of the danda, or in some cases the length of the ''gilli''. Scoring also depends on how many times the ''gilli'' was hit in the air in one strike. If it travels a certain distance with two mid-air strikes, the total points are doubled. If the ''gilli'' is not struck far enough the player has to pick it up and try again.

Shobhit Maurya is a world champion of gilli danda at present with several world records in his name. The UNESCO Advisory Committee and the International Council of Traditional Sports and Games (ICTSG) are keen to revive and promote all such traditional sports which are almost dying throughout the world.

In one variation, the striker hits the gilli and when the gilli flies and lands at a distance (short or far), the striker then tells the bowler how much the distance is between where he is standing and where the gillis has fallen, i.e. how many lengths of danda. It is a guess of course, but mostly correct. The bowler or thrower either accepts the score or can measure the length himself. If a wrong score is found by measuring, striker is out.

Similar games

* In Iran, a similar game is called ''Alak dolak'' (الک دلک) or ''Aluch Aghach'' (ألوچ آقاچ) by Persians and Turks, respectively.
* In Azerbaijan, a similar game is called ''Çilingağac'' (Chilingaghaj).
* In Galicia, a similar game is called ''billarda''.
* In Catalonia and the Valencian Community, a similar game is called ''bòlit''.
* In Philippines, a game known as ''syatong'' or ''pati-kubra'' (in Morong, Rizal) is similar to gillidanda.
* In Italy, a similar game known as ''Lippa'',''Lipe'', ''Tirolo'', or ''S-cianco'' is shown in the movie '' Watch Out, We're Mad!''
* In Croatia, an old children's shepherds' game called ''Pikuća'' has rules that are almost identical to those of ''Gillidanda''.
* In the United States, a similar game is called ''pee-wee''.
* Dainty is a street ball game played in Schnitzelburg, Louisville in the United States.
* In England, a similar game was called tip-cat, giddy-gaddy and cat's pallet.
* In Poland, a similar game is known, called ''Klipa''.
* In Malaysia, a similar game is known as ''konda kondi''.
* In Norway, a similar game is known as ''vippe pinne''.
* In Romania, a similar game is known as ''țurcă''.
* In Russia, a similar game is known as ''chizhik'' (чижик).
* In Ukraine, a similar game is known as ''chizhik'' (чижик) as well with sports colours being black.
* In Slovenia, a similar game is known as ''pandolo''.
* In Mexico, the game is known as ''charangay'' or ''changais''.
* In Cuba, the game is known as ''Quimbumbia''.
* In Newfoundland, a similar traditional children's game is known as Tiddly or Piddly.
* In Ireland, a variation of the game is called ''Cead'' (pronounced "Kyad") and is traditionally played exclusively on one day a year, St. Patrick's Day (17th March), on the island of Inishmaan (Inis Meáin) on the Atlantic coastline of Galway.
* Among the Abenaki people of Canada and the United States, there is a game called Moineau.

In popular culture

The 2014 Marathi sport/drama movie '' Vitti Dandu'' was made on the same sport.

The Bollywood movie '' Lagaan'' mentions the traditional youth sport of gillidanda as being similar to cricket.

The 2021 Nepali movie '' Damaru Ko Dandibiyo'' starring Khagendra Lamichhane portrays an underdog team winning the gillidanda league in the hills of Nepal.

The Hindi writer Premchand wrote a short story named "Gilli-danda" in which he compares old simple times and emotions to modern values and also hints at caste inequalities in India. The protagonist and narrator of the story recounts his inability to play ''gilli-danda'' well in his youth. He remembers a friend who could control the gilli as he wished. He goes away and comes back as an adult and a government officer. He searches for his old friend and finds him – he is very poor and says, "Where do we get the time?" when asked by the protagonist whether he plays gilli-danda. The protagonist convinces him to play – he cheats at every opportunity, but his friend meekly submits, even though he would not have let him get away with such deceit in his youth. After being defeated, the friend invites him to a gilli-danda match the next day. The protagonist is shocked when he sees his friend play just as well as before and realises that he had indulged him because he knew that he had forgotten the basics of gilli-danda. The protagonist feels very small and goes back to the city humiliated.

The 1934 Laurel & Hardy film '' Babes in Toyland'' features Laurel playing the US version of the game, which he refers to as "Pee Wee."

See also

* Backyard cricket
* Pittu Garam, also known as Pithu Fod or simply Pithu
* Kho Kho
* Paandi

References

External links

*

Seven Games of India in the 6th Century B.C.

Watch Gilli-danda being played

Watch a Gilli-danda tournament




S-cianco

* {{usurped,
Gilli Danda International Federation
}

Traditional sports of India
Indian games
Sports originating in South Asia
Sports originating in India