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''Gila'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...
belonging to the family
Leuciscidae Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnow ...
, native to the United States and Mexico. Species of ''Gila'' are collectively referred to as western chubs. The species in the genus ''
Siphateles ''Siphateles'' is a genus of fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, native to the Western United States. They were formerly placed in the genus ''Gila (fish), Gila''. Species The species include: *''Siphateles alvordensis'' Carl Leavitt Hubbs ...
'' are close relatives. Several members of the genus are endangered or extinct due to loss of habitat caused by diversion or overuse of water resources, particularly in the western United States.


Species

''Gila'' contains the following valid
recent The Holocene () is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Qu ...
species: * '' Gila alutacea'' (
Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he recei ...
& Pickering, 1855)
(Chiselmouth) * '' Gila atraria'' ( Girard, 1856) (Utah chub) * ''
Gila brevicauda The Shorttail chub (''Gila brevicauda'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This fish is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being f ...
'' S. M. Norris, J. M. Fischer & W. L. Minckley, 2003 (Shorttail chub) * ''
Gila coerulea The blue chub (''Gila coerulea'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This fish is found in the western United States. Taxonomy Th ...
'' (Girard, 1856) (Blue chub) * ''
Gila conspersa The Nazas chub (''Gila conspersa'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This fish is endemic to Mexico where it is found in the en ...
''
Garman Garman is a surname or first name. Notable people with the name include: Sports * Ann Garman, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player * Judi Garman (born 1954), American softball coach * Mike Garman (born 1949), American baseball pla ...
, 1881
(Nazas chub) * ''
Gila coriacea The moapa dace (''Gila coriacea'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This is a rare fish found in southern Nevada, United Stat ...
'' ( Hubbs &
Miller A miller is a person who operates a mill, a machine to grind a grain (for example corn or wheat) to make flour. Milling is among the oldest of human occupations. "Miller", "Milne" and other variants are common surnames, as are their equivalents ...
, 1948)
(Moapa dace) * ''
Gila crassicauda The thicktail chub (''Gila crassicauda'') was a type of minnow that inhabited the lowlands and weedy backwaters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers in the Central Valley of California. It was once abundant in lowland lakes, marshes, ponds, s ...
'' ( S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854) (Thicktail chub (
extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
: late 1950s)) * ''
Gila cypha The humpback chub (''Gila cypha'') is a federally protected fish that lived originally in fast waters of the Colorado River system in the United States. This species takes its name from the prominent hump between the head and dorsal fin, which i ...
'' Miller, 1946 (Humpback chub) * ''
Gila ditaenia The Sonora chub (''Gila ditaenia'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. It is found in Mexico and the United States.Bell, G. 1984. ...
'' Miller, 1945 (Sonora chub) * ''
Gila elegans The bonytail chub or bonytail (''Gila elegans'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This fish is native to the Colorado River bas ...
'' Baird & Girard, 1853 (Bonytail chub) * ''
Gila eremica The desert chub (''Gila eremica'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This species is endemic to Mexico. It inhabits the headwate ...
'' DeMarais, 1991 (Desert chub) * '' Gila jordani'' Tanner, 1950 (Pahranagat roundtail chub) * '' Gila minacae''
Meek Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience. Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards o ...
, 1902
(Mexican roundtail chub) * ''
Gila modesta Salinas chub (''Gila modesta'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This species is endemic to northeastetern Mexico in the Chor ...
'' (Garman, 1881) (Salinas chub) * ''
Gila nigrescens The Chihuahua chub (''Gila nigrescens'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. It is found in Chihuahua, Mexico and in New Mexico ...
'' (Girard, 1856) (Chihuahua chub) * '' Gila orcuttii'' (
Eigenmann Eigenmann () is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include: * Andi Eigenmann (born 1990), Filipino actress * Carl H. Eigenmann (1863–1927), German–American ichthyologist, husband of Rosa Eigenmann * Eduardo de Mesa Eigenmann, birth n ...
&
Eigenmann Eigenmann () is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include: * Andi Eigenmann (born 1990), Filipino actress * Carl H. Eigenmann (1863–1927), German–American ichthyologist, husband of Rosa Eigenmann * Eduardo de Mesa Eigenmann, birth n ...
, 1890)
(Arroyo chub) * '' Gila pandora'' (
Cope A cope ( ("rain coat") or ("cape")) is a liturgical long mantle or cloak, open at the front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colour. A cope may be worn by any rank of the Catholic or Anglican clerg ...
, 1872)
(Rio Grande chub) * ''
Gila pulchra Gila may refer to: Animals * ''Gila'' (fish), a genus of cyprinid fish known as western chubs * Gila monster, a venomous lizard * Gila trout, a trout native to the Southwestern United States * Gila woodpecker, a species of woodpecker found i ...
'' (Girard, 1856) (Conchos chub) * '' Gila purpurea'' (Girard, 1856) (Yaqui chub) * ''
Gila robusta Gila may refer to: Animals * Gila (fish), ''Gila'' (fish), a genus of cyprinid fish known as western chubs * Gila monster, a venomous lizard * Gila trout, a trout native to the Southwestern United States * Gila woodpecker, a species of woodpeck ...
'' Baird & Girard, 1853 (Roundtail chub) * ''
Gila seminuda The Virgin chub or the Virgin River chub (''Gila seminuda'') is a species of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Phoxinus, Eurasian minnows and related ...
'' Cope &
Yarrow ''Achillea millefolium'', commonly known as yarrow () or common yarrow, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Growing to tall, it is characterized by small whitish flowers, a tall stem of fernlike leaves, and a pungent odor. The plan ...
, 1875
(Virgin chub) The following
fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserve ...
species are known: * ?†'' Gila cristifera'' Uyeno & Miller, 1965 - middle
Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58Bidahochi Formation The Pliocene to Late Neogene Bidahochi Formation lies at an elevation of about to at the southeast of the Colorado Plateau; the deposits are from Hopi Lake (also called Bidahochi Lake), and the deposits extend southwards to the region at the ...
of Arizona * ?† ''Gila'' ''esmeralda'' (La Rivers, 1966) - middle/late
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
-aged
Esmeralda Formation The Esmeralda Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period. See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Nevada * Paleontology in Nevada Paleontology in Nevada refers to paleon ...
of Nevada * †'' Gila milleri'' Smith, 1975 -
Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58Glenns Ferry Formation The Glenns Ferry Formation is a Pliocene stratigraphic unit in the western United States. Outcrops of the formation in Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument preserve the remains of seven fish species, five of which are extinct. These include the t ...
of Idaho * †'' Gila turneri'' (Lucas, 1900) - middle/late
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
-aged Esmeralda Formation of Nevada


References

* * (1997): Phylogenetic Relationships of the Creek Chubs and the Spine-Fins: an Enigmatic Group of North American Cyprinid Fishes (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). ''Cladistics'' 13(3): 187–205. (HTML abstract) Laviniinae Chubs (fish) Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard {{Leuciscinae-stub