Plot
AfterCast
Production
Development
''Ghostbusters'' was inspired by Dan Aykroyd's fascination with and belief in the paranormal, which he inherited from his father, who later wrote the book ''A History of Ghosts''; his mother, who claimed to have seen ghosts; his grandfather, who experimented with radios to contact the dead; and his great-grandfather, a renowned spiritualist. In 1981, Aykroyd read an article onWriting
Aykroyd, Ramis, and Reitman began reworking the script, first at Reitman's office, then sequestering themselves and their families onCast and characters
Murray was considered essential to ''Ghostbusters'' potential success, but he was known for not committing to projects until late. Price agreed to fund Murray's passion project ''The Razor's Edge'', believing if it failed it would lose little money, and hoping the gesture would secure Murray's commitment to ''Ghostbusters''. Michael Keaton,Filming
Principal photography began in New York City on October 28, 1983. On the first day, Reitman brought Murray to the set, still unsure if he had read the script. Filming in New York lasted for approximately six weeks, finishing just before Christmas. Reitman was conscious they had to complete the New York phase before they encountered inhospitable December weather. At the time, choosing to shoot in New York City was considered risky. In the early 1980s, many saw the city as synonymous with History of New York City (1978–present)#Koch and Dinkins (1978–1993), fiscal disaster and violence, and Los Angeles was seen as the center of the entertainment industry. In a 2014 interview, Reitman said he chose New York because "I wanted the film to be... my New York movie". As Reitman was working with comedians, he encouraged Improvisational theatre, improvisation, adapting multiple takes and keeping the cast creations that worked, but directing them back to the script. Some guerrilla filmmaking took place, capturing spontaneous scenes at iconic locations around the city, including one shot at Rockefeller Center where the actors were chased off by a real security guard. A scene was shot on Central Park West with extras chanting "Ghostbusters" before the name had been cleared. Medjuck contacted the studio, urging them to secure permission to use the word as the title. The building at 55 Central Park West served as the home of Weaver's character and the setting of the Ghostbusters' climactic battle with Gozer. The art department added extra floors and embellishments using matte paintings, models, and digital effects to create the focal point of ghostly activity. During shooting of the final scene at the building, city officials allowed the closure of the adjacent streets during rush hour, affecting traffic across a large swath of the city. Gross commented that, from the top of the building, they could see traffic queuing all the way to Brooklyn. At various points, a police officer drew his gun on a taxi driver who refused orders; in a similar incident, another officer pulled a driver through his limo window. When angry citizens asked Medjuck what was being filmed, he blamed Francis Ford Coppola filming ''The Cotton Club (film), The Cotton Club'' (1984). Aykroyd encountered science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov, a man he admired, who complained, "You guys are inconveniencing this building, it's just awful; I don't know how they got away with this!" Directly next to 55 Central Park West is the Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Manhattan), Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, which is stepped on by the Marshmallow Man. Other locations included New York City Hall, the New York Public Library main branch, the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Columbus Circle, the Irving Trust Bank on Fifth Avenue, and Tavern on the Green. Firehouse, Hook & Ladder Company 8 in the Tribeca neighborhood was used as the Ghostbusters' headquarters. Columbia University allowed its Havemeyer Hall to stand in for the fictional Weaver Hall, on the condition the university not be identified by name. Filming moved to Los Angeles, resuming between Christmas and the New Year. Due to the film's use of practical effects, skilled technicians were needed who resided mainly in the city and soundstages that were non-existent in New York. Despite its setting, most of ''Ghostbusters'' was filmed on location in Los Angeles or on sets at Burbank Studios. Location scouts searched for buildings that could replicate the interiors of buildings being filmed in New York. Reitman tried using the interior of Hook & Ladder 8, but was unable to take it over long enough because it was an active fire station. Interior firehouse shots were taken instead at the decommissioned Fire Station No. 23 (Los Angeles, California), Fire House No. 23 in downtown Los Angeles. The building design, while common in New York, was a rarity in Los Angeles. An archival photograph of an active crew in Fire House No. 23 from 1915 was hung in the background of the Ghostbusters' office. Filming in the main reading room of the New York Public Library was only allowed in the early morning and had to be concluded by 10:00 am. The basement library stacks were represented by the Los Angeles Central Library as Reitman said they were interchangeable. The Millennium Biltmore Hotel stood in for the scenes set at the fictional Sedgewick Hotel. Principal photography concluded at the end of January 1984, after between 55 and 62 days of filming.Post-production
The short production schedule and looming release date meant Reitman edited the film while it was being shot. There was often only time for a few takes. Reitman sometimes found making an effects-laden movie frustrating, as the special effects had to be storyboarded and filmed in advance; there was no option to go back and produce new scenes. As Gross described it: storyboard in advance, that's like editing in advance. You've got a scene, they're going to approve that scene, and we're going to spend nine months doing that cut. There's no second takes, no outtakes, there's no coverage. You can cut stuff, but you can't add stuff. It made [Reitman] so confined that it really bothered him". A deleted scene involved a segment at "Fort Detmerring" where Ray has a sexual encounter with a female ghost. The scene was intended to introduce a love interest for Aykroyd. Ramis believed it was extraneous to the fast-moving plot, however, so Reitman used the footage as a dream sequence during the mid-film montage instead. Editor Sheldon Kahn sent Reitman black-and-white reels of sequences during filming. They not only allowed him to make changes, but he considered they also helped him understand how to better pace the film. Kahn completed the first full cut three weeks after filming concluded. The final cut runs for 105minutes.Music
The ''Ghostbusters'' film score, score was composed by Elmer Bernstein and performed by the 72-person Hollywood Studio Symphony orchestra at The Village (studio), The Village in West Los Angeles, California. It was orchestrated by David Spear and Bernstein's son Peter Bernstein (composer), Peter. Elmer Bernstein had previously scored several of Reitman's films and joined the project early on, before all the cast had been signed. Reitman wanted a grounded, realistic score and did not want the music to tell the audience when something was funny. Bernstein used the ondes Martenot (effectively a keyboard equivalent of a theremin) to produce the "eerie" effect. Bernstein had to bring a musician from England to play the instrument because there were so few trained ondists. He also used three Yamaha DX7 synthesizers. In a 1985 interview Bernstein described ''Ghostbusters'' as the most difficult score he had written, finding it challenging to balance the varying comedic and serious tones. He created an "antic" theme for the Ghostbusters he described as "cute, without being really way out". He found the latter parts of the film easier to score, aiming to make it sound "awesome and mystical". Early on Reitman and Bernstein discussed the idea that ''Ghostbusters'' would feature popular music at specific points to complement Bernstein's original score. This includes "Magic" by Mick Smiley, which plays during the scene when the ghosts are released from the Ghostbusters headquarters. Bernstein's main theme for the Ghostbusters was later replaced by Ray Parker Jr.'s " Ghostbusters". Bernstein personally disliked the use of these songs, particularly "Magic", but said, "it's very hard to argue with something like ["Ghostbusters"], when it is up in the top ten on the charts". Music was required for a montage in the middle of the film, and "I Want a New Drug" by Huey Lewis and the News was used as a temporary placeholder because of its appropriate tempo. Reitman was later introduced to Parker Jr. who developed "Ghostbusters" with a similar riff to match the montage. There were approximately 50 to 60 different theme songs developed for ''Ghostbusters'' by different artists before Parker Jr.'s involvement, though none was deemed suitable. Huey Lewis was approached to compose the film's theme, but was already committed to work on ''Back to the Future'' (1985).Design
During the thirteen-month production, all the major special effects studios were working on other films. Those that remained were too small to work on the approximately 630 individual effects shots needed for ''Ghostbusters''. At the same time, special effects cinematographer Richard Edlund planned to leave Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) and start his own business. Reitman convinced Columbia to collaborate with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which also needed an effects studio, to advance Edlund $5 million to establish his own company, Boss Film Studios. According to Edlund, lawyers used much of the setup time finalizing the contract, leaving only ten months remaining to build the effects studio, shoot the scenes, and Compositing, composite the images. The Boss Film Studios' team was split to complete work on ''Ghostbusters'' and MGM's science-fiction film ''2010: The Year We Make Contact''. The $5 million effects came in at $700,000 over budget. The strict filming schedule meant most of the effects shots were captured in one take. Gross oversaw both the creation of Boss Film Studios, and the hiring of many conceptual designers including comic book artists Tanino Liberatore (whose work went unused) and Bernie Wrightson (who helped conceive several ghost designs), and Storyboard#Film, storyboarder Thom Enriquez, whose designs contributed to the "Onion Head ghost".Creature effects
Edlund's previous work on the supernatural horror film ''Poltergeist (1982 film), Poltergeist'' (1982) served as a reference for the ghost designs in ''Ghostbusters''. Gross said it was difficult to balance making the ghosts a genuine threat while fitting the film's more comedic tone. Special effects artist Steve Johnson (special effects artist), Steve Johnson sculpted the gluttonous, slimy, green ghost then known as the "Onion Head ghost" on set due to the puppet's unpleasant smell. The creature was given the name "Slimer" in the 1986 animated television series '' The Real Ghostbusters''. The Slimer design took six months and cost approximately $300,000. After struggling to complete a design due to executive interference, Johnson took at least three grams of cocaine and completed the final design in one night, based in part on Aykroyd's and Ramis's wish for the creature to homage Belushi. The full-size foam rubber puppet was worn by Mark Wilson and filmed against a black background. Puppeteers manipulated the model's movements with cables. Aykroyd tasked his friend, referred to as the Viking, with designing the Marshmallow Man, asking for a combination of the Michelin Man and the Pillsbury Doughboy in a sailor hat. The Marshmallow Man outfit was built and portrayed by actor and special effects artist Bill Bryan, who modeled his walk on Godzilla. There were eighteen foam suits, each costing between $25,000 and $30,000; seventeen of them, worn by stuntman Tommy Cesar, were burned as part of filming. Bryan used a separate air supply due to the foam's toxicity. There were three different heads for the suit, built from foam and fiberglass, with different expressions and movements controlled by cable mechanisms. The costume was filmed against scale models to finish the effect. The effects team was able to find only one model of a police car at the correct scale and bought several, modifying them to represent different vehicles. The water from a burst hydrant hit by a remote-controlled car was actually sand as the water did not scale down. The "marshmallow" raining down on the crowd after it is destroyed was shaving cream. After seeing the intended of shaving cream to be used, Atherton insisted on testing it. The weight knocked a stuntman down, and they ended up using only . The cream acted as a skin irritant after hours of filming, giving some of the cast rashes. Johnson also sculpted the Zombie Cab Driver puppet. It was the only puppet shot on location in New York City. Johnson based it on a reanimated corpse puppet he had made for ''An American Werewolf in London'' (1981). Johnson and Wilson collaborated on the Library Ghost, creating a puppet operated by up to 20 cables running through the torso that controlled aspects such as moving the head, arms, and pulling rubber skin away from the torso to transform it from a humanoid into a monstrous ghoul. The original Library Ghost puppet was considered too scary for younger audiences and was repurposed for use in ''Fright Night'' (1985). The library catalog scene was accomplished live in three takes, with the crew blowing air through copper pipes to force the cards into the air. These had to be collected and reassembled for each take. Reitman used a multi-camera setup to focus on the librarian and the cards flying around her and a wider overall shot. The floating books were hung on strings. Randall William Cook, Randy Cook was responsible for creating the quarter-scale stop-motion puppets of Gozer's minions Zuul and Vinz, the Terror Dogs, when in motion. The model was heavy and unwieldy, and it took nearly thirty hours to film it moving across a stage for the scene where it pursues Louis Tully across a street. For the scene where Dana is pinned to her chair by demonic hands before a doorway beaming with light, Reitman said he was influenced by ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'' (1977). A rubber door was used to allow distortion as if something was trying to come through it, while grip (job), grips concealed in a trapdoor beneath the chair, burst through it while wearing demonic dog-leg gloves. Made before the advent of computer-generated imagery (CGI), any non-puppet ghosts had to be animated. It took up to three weeks to create one second of footage. For Gozer, Slavitza Jovan wore red contact lenses that caused her a great deal of pain, and she wore a harness to move around the set.Technology and equipment
Hardware consultant Stephen Dane was responsible for designing most of the Ghostbusters' iconic equipment, including the "proton packs" used to wrangle ghosts, ghost traps, and their vehicle, the Ectomobile. The equipment had to be designed and built in the six weeks before filming began in September 1983. Inspired by a military issue flamethrower, the "proton packs" consisted of a handheld proton stream firing "neutrino wand" connected by a hose to a backpack said to contain a nuclear accelerator. Dane said he "went home and got foam pieces and just threw a bunch of stuff together to get the look. It was highly machined, but it had to look off-the-shelf and military surplus". Following Reitman's tweaks to the design, on-screen models of the "proton packs" were made from a fiberglass shell with an aluminum backplate bolted to a All-purpose lightweight individual carrying equipment, United States Army backpack frame. Each pack weighed approximately with the batteries for lighting installed, and strained the actors' backs during the long shoots. Two lighter versions were made; a hollow one with surface details for wide shots, and a foam rubber version for action scenes. The fiberglass props were created by special effects supervisor Chuck Gaspar, based on Dane's design. Gaspar used rubber molds to create identical fiberglass shells. The "neutrino wand" had a flash (photography), flashbulb at the tip, giving animators an origin point for the proton streams. Fake walls laced with pyrotechnics were used to practically create the damage of the proton streams. The "Psychokinetic Energy meter" ("PKE meter") prop was built using an Iona SP-1 handheld shoe polisher as a base, to which lights and electronics were affixed. The PKE meter prop was designed and built by John Zabrucky of Modern Props in partnership with an outside fabricator. The technology was designed to not be overly fancy or sleek, emphasizing the characters' scientific backgrounds combined with the homemade nature of their equipment. The Ectomobile was in the first draft of Aykroyd's script, and he and John Daveikis developed some early concepts for the car. Dane developed fully detailed drawings for the interior and exterior and supervised the transformation of the 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor ambulance conversion into the Ectomobile. According to Aykroyd, the actual vehicle was "an ambulance that we converted to a hearse and then converted to an ambulance". Early concepts featured a black car with purple and white strobe lights giving it a supernatural glow, but this idea was scrapped after cinematographer László Kovács (cinematographer), László Kovács noted that dark paint would not film well at night. The concept also had fantastic features such as the ability to dematerialize and travel inter-dimensionally. Two vehicles were purchased, one for the pre-modification scenes. Dane designed its high-tech roof array with objects including a directional antenna, an air-conditioning unit, storage boxes and a radome. Because of its size, the roof rack was shipped to Manhattan on an airplane, while the car was transported to the East Coast by train. Sound designer Richard Beggs created the siren from a recording of a leopard snarl, cut and played backward.Logo and sets
Release
Test screening and marketing
''Ghostbusters'' was screened for test audiences on February 3, 1984, with unfinished effects shots to determine if the comedy worked. Reitman was still concerned audiences would not react well to the Marshmallow Man because of its deviation from the realism of the rest of the film. Reitman recalled that approximately 200 people were recruited off the streets to view the film in a theater on the Burbank lot. It was during the opening library scene Reitman knew the film worked. Audiences reacted with fear, laughs, and applause as the Librarian Ghost transformed into a monster. The fateful Marshmallow scene was met with a similar reaction, and Reitman knew he would not have to perform any Pick-up (filmmaking), re-shoots. The screening for fellow industry members fared less well. Price recalled laughing as the rest of the audience sat deadpan; he rationalized an industry audience wants failure. Murray and Aykroyd's agent Michael Ovitz recalled an executive telling him, "Don't worry: we all make mistakes", while Roberto Goizueta, Chairperson, chairman of Columbia's parent, The Coca-Cola Company, said: "Gee, we're going to lose our shirts". In the months before its debut, a teaser trailer focused on the "No ghosts" logo, helping it become recognizable far in advance, and generating interest in the film without mentioning its title or its stars. A separate theatrical trailer contained a toll-free telephone number with a message by Murray and Aykroyd waiting for the 1,000 callers per hour it received over a six-week period. They also appeared in a video for ShoWest, a theater-owner convention, to promote the film. Columbia spent approximately $10million on marketing, including $2.25million on prints, $1million on promotional materials, and $7million on advertising and miscellaneous costs including a $150,000 premiere for a hospital and the hotel costs for the press. Including the budget and marketing costs, it was estimated the film would have to make at least $80million to turn a profit.Box office
The premiere of ''Ghostbusters'' took place on June 7, 1984, at the Avco Cinema in Westwood, Los Angeles, before its wide release the following day across 1,339 theaters in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. During its opening weekend in the U.S. and Canada, the film earned $13.6million—an average of $10,040 per theater. It finished as the number one film of the weekend, ahead of premiering horror-comedy ''Gremlins'' ($12.5million), and the adventure film ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' ($12 million), in its third week of release. The gross increased to $23.1 million during its first week, becoming the first major success for the studio since ''Tootsie'' (1982). The film remained number one for seven consecutive weeks, grossing $146.5million, before being ousted by ''Purple Rain (film), Purple Rain'' in early August. ''Ghostbusters'' regained the number one spot the following week before spending the next five weeks at number two, behind the action film ''Red Dawn'' and then the thriller ''Tightrope (film), Tightrope''. ''Ghostbusters'' remained among the top-three grossing films for sixteen straight weeks before beginning a gradual decline and falling from the top-ten by late October. It left cinemas in early January 1985, after thirty weeks. ''Ghostbusters'' had quickly become a hit, surpassing ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' as the top-grossing film of the summer, and earning $229million, making it the 1984 in film, second highest-grossing film of 1984, approximately $5million behind Eddie Murphy's action-comedy ''Beverly Hills Cop'' ($234.8million) which was released in mid-December. ''Ghostbusters'' surpassed ''Animal House'' as the highest-grossing comedy film ever, until ''Beverly Hills Cop'' surpassed it six months later. Columbia had negotiated 50% of the box-office revenues or 90% of gross after expenses, depending on whichever was higher. Since the latter was the case, the studio received a 73% share of the box office profit, an estimated $128million. The main cast members each received percentages of the Hollywood accounting#Practices, gross profits or net participation. A 1987 report estimated Murray alone had earned between $20–30million from his share. 1984 saw the release of several films that would later be considered iconic of the era, including: ''Gremlins'', ''The Karate Kid'', ''The Terminator'', ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'', ''Romancing the Stone'', and ''The NeverEnding Story (film), The NeverEnding Story''. It was also the first year in box office history in which four films, including ''Ghostbusters'', grossed over $100million. ''Ghostbusters'' was re-released in the U.S. and Canada in August 1985, grossing a further $9.4million over five weeks, raising its theatrical gross to $238.6million and surpassing ''Beverly Hills Cop'' as the most successful comedy of the 1980s. By the end of 1999, ''Ghostbusters'' had grossed $126 million internationally for a worldwide total of $364.6 million. A restored and remastered version was released in August 2014, at 700 theaters across the U.S. and Canada to celebrate its 30thanniversary. It grossed an additional $3.5million, bringing the theatrical total to $242.2 million. The film has also received limited rereleases for special events and anniversaries. Including all reissues since 2000, the film has grossed an estimated $370million worldwide. Adjusted for inflation, the North American box office is equivalent to $667.9million in 2020, making it the List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States, thirty-seventh highest-grossing film ever.Reception
Critical response
Accolades
''Ghostbusters'' was nominated for two 57th Academy Awards, Academy Awards in 1985: Academy Award for Best Original Song, Best Original Song for "Ghostbusters" by Ray Parker Jr. (losing to Stevie Wonder's "I Just Called to Say I Love You" from ''The Woman in Red (1984 film), The Woman in Red''), and Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, Best Visual Effects for John Bruno (special effects), John Bruno, Richard Edlund, Chuck Gaspar and Mark Vargo (losing to ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''). That year, it was nominated for three 42nd Golden Globe Awards, Golden Globe Awards: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy (losing to ''Romancing the Stone''), Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Murray (losing to Dudley Moore in ''Micki & Maude''), and Golden Globe for Best Original Song, Best Original Song for Parker Jr., (losing again to "I Just Called to Say I Love You"). "Ghostbusters" went on to win the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, BAFTA Award for Best Original Song, and Edlund was nominated for Special Visual Effects (losing again to ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''). It won Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film, Best Fantasy Film at the 12th Saturn Awards.Post-release
Aftermath
Ray Parker Jr.'s "Ghostbusters" spent three weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart in 1984 and 21 weeks on the charts altogether. The song is estimated to have added $20 million to the film's box office. Reitman directed the successful "Ghostbusters" music video that included several celebrity cameos. Shortly after the film's release, Huey Lewis sued Parker Jr., for plagiarizing his 1983 song "I Want a New Drug"; the case was settled out of court in 1985. Parker Jr. later sued Lewis for breaching a confidentiality agreement about the case. In 1984, the filmmakers were also sued by Harvey Comics, Harvey Cartoons, the owner of Casper the Friendly Ghost for $50 million and the destruction of all copies of the film. Harvey alleged the Ghostbusters logo was based on their character Ghostly Trio, Fatso. The case was decided in Columbia's favor. Murray left acting for four years following the release of ''Ghostbusters''. He described the success as a phenomenon that would forever be his biggest accomplishment and, compounded by the failure of his personal project ''The Razor's Edge'', he felt "radioactive". Murray avoided central roles in films until the 1988 Christmas comedy film ''Scrooged'', which used the tagline that Murray was "back among the ghosts". In a 1989 interview, Reitman said he was upset at the "little respect" he felt ''Ghostbusters'' received and his work was not taken seriously, believing many dismissed it as just "another action-comedy". Hudson held mixed feelings about ''Ghostbusters''. He regretted the marginalization of his character from the original script and felt ''Ghostbusters'' did not improve his career as he had hoped, or been promised. In a 2014 interview, he said: "I love the character and he's got some great lines, but I felt the guy was just kind of there... I'm very thankful that fans appreciate the Winston character. But it's always been very frustrating—kind of a love/hate thing, I guess." Atherton said fans would call him "dickless" on the streets into the 1990s, to his ire.Home media
''Ghostbusters'' was released on VHS in October 1985. Paramount Pictures had scheduled the equally popular ''Beverly Hills Cop'' to release the day before ''Ghostbusters'', forcing Columbia to release it a week earlier to avoid direct competition. Priced at $79.95, ''Ghostbusters'' was predicted to sell well but be outperformed by ''Beverly Hills Cop'' because of its lower $29.95 price. The release was supported by a $1million advertising campaign. The film was the tenth best-selling videocassette during its launch week. Columbia earned approximately $20million selling the video manufacturing and distribution rights. A record 410,000 cassettes were ordered (exceeded a few months later by ''Rambo: First Blood Part II''s 425,000 unit order). By February 1986, it was estimated to have sold 400,000 copies and earned $32 million in revenue, making it the third best-selling VHS of 1985, after ''Star Trek III: The Search for Spock'' (425,000 units, $12.7 million) and ''Beverly Hills Cop'' (1.4 million units sold, $41.9 million). ''Ghostbusters'' was released in 1989 on LaserDisc, a format then experiencing a resurgence in popularity. The release offered a one-disc version, and a two-disc special edition version featuring deleted scenes, a split-screen demonstration of the film's effects, the screenplay, and other special features. In a 1999 interview for the DVD-Video, DVD release, Reitman admitted he was not involved in the LaserDisc versions and had been embarrassed by the visual changes that "pumped up the light level so much you saw all the Matte (filmmaking), matte lines", highlighting flaws in the special effects. ''Ghostbusters'' was also the first full-length film to be released on a USB flash drive when PNY Technologies did so in 2008. Blu-ray disc editions were released for the film's 25th, 30th, and 35th anniversaries in 2009, 2014 and 2019. They featured remastered 4K resolution video quality, deleted scenes, alternate takes, fan interviews, and commentaries by crew members and actors including Aykroyd, Ramis, Reitman, and Medjuck. The 35th-anniversary version came in a limited edition steel book cover and contained unseen footage including the deleted "Fort Detmerring" scene. The film was released as part of the 8-disc ''Ghostbusters: Ultimate Collection'' Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray boxset in February 2022, also containing its sequels ''Merchandise
Developing merchandise for a film was still a relatively new practice at the time of ''Ghostbusters'' release, and it was only following the success of ''Star Wars'' merchandise that other studios attempted to duplicate the idea. The unexpected success of ''Ghostbusters'' meant Columbia did not have a comprehensive merchandising plan in place to fully capitalize on the film at the peak of its popularity. They were able to generate additional revenue, however, by applying the popular "no ghosts" logo to a variety of products. Much of the merchandising success came from licensing the rights to other companies based on the success of the 1986 animated spin-off ''The Real Ghostbusters''. Merchandise based directly on the film did not initially sell well until ''The Real Ghostbusters'', which on its own helped generate up to $200 million in revenue in 1988, the same year the Ghostbusters proton pack was the most popular toy in the United Kingdom. A successful Ghostbusters (1984 video game), ''Ghostbusters'' video game was released alongside the film. The film also received two novelizations, ''Ghostbusters'' by Larry Milne (released with the film), and ''Ghostbusters: The Supernatural Spectacular'' by Richard Mueller (released in 1985). "Making Ghostbusters", an annotated script by Ramis, was released in 1985. In the years since its release, ''Ghostbusters'' merchandise has included: Ghostbusters (1984 soundtrack), soundtrack albums, action figures, books, Halloween costumes, various Lego and Playmobil sets including the Ectomobile and Firehouse, board games, slot machines, pinball machines, bobbleheads, statues, prop replicas, neon signs, ice cube trays, Minimates, coin banks, Funko Pop figures, footwear, lunch boxes, and breakfast cereals. A Slimer-inspired limited-edition citrus-flavored Hi-C#Ecto Cooler, Hi-C Ecto Cooler drink first released in 1987, was one of the more popular items, and did not cease production until 2001. The Slimer character became iconic and popular, appearing in video games, toys, cartoons, sequels, toothpaste, and juice boxes. There have also been crossover products including comic books and toys that combine the Ghostbusters with existing properties like ''Men in Black'', ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'', ''Transformers'', and WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment.Thematic analysis
Capitalism and private industry
Inequality, immigrants, and pollution
The ghosts in ''Ghostbusters'' have been interpreted as analogs for crime, homelessness, pollution, and faltering infrastructure and public services. Corcos discussed ''Ghostbusters''s negative take on government and environmental regulation. She wrote that the ghosts represent pollutants, remnants of environmental damage, and a reflection of real-life governments refusing to acknowledge environmental problems that affect humanity. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) explicitly does not believe in the ghosts or "waste" the Ghostbusters are collecting and, in turn, the Ghostbusters do not believe the EPA deserves obedience or compliance because of its ignorance. Even though the Ghostbusters have condensed a widespread problem into a small area, they have constructed a dangerous containment unit in a heavily populated area while possessing the unique knowledge to understand how much danger it poses. However, Peck's rigid adherence to government regulation results in him turning off the unit and creating a more dangerous situation. Clare identified the ghosts as representative of New York's issues with the homeless and ethnic minorities. The ghosts, which were once human, are not acknowledged as such and are treated as a nuisance that the Ghostbusters transport to less desirable areas, similar to real-world gentrification. The Ghostbusters charge a substantial fee for their services and so generally serve the affluent such as the Sedgewick hotel and Dana Barrett, while poorer Chinese citizens pay for their services in meat. In this way, Clare argues, ''Ghostbusters'' promotes the regeneration of New York City but ignores the cost to the poor and disenfranchised to achieve it. Author Zoila Clark noted that concept art of an unused Chinatown ghost bore similarities to a stereotypical Chinese immigrant including long, braided hair and a Asian conical hat, triangular agricultural hat.Immaturity
Author Nicole Matthews argued the need to present a film targeted at both adults and children leads to the central characters being infantilized and immature. Critic Vincent Canby said a film's profitability was dependent on addressing children who "can identify with a 40-year-old-man with a mid-life crisis and 40-year-old-men in midlife crises who long to fight pirates with cardboard cutlasses". ''Ghostbusters'' presents Venkman's immature comedic sarcasm as a means of disarming situations and furthering the narrative. Author Jim Whalley wrote that this presents a clear tonal shift in the sequel; in ''Ghostbusters'', the characters are hired workers just doing their job, whereas in ''Ghostbusters II'' they are noble heroes saving the city. In doing so, ''Ghostbusters II'' reimagines Venkman's persona as comedic relief instead of a practical tool. The primarily male audience also results in female characters that are either absent or not important to the overall story. Author Jane Crisp wrote that Dana encountering Zuul in her fridge presents a stereotypical view of women being associated with the home and kitchen.Legacy
''Ghostbusters'' is considered one of the first blockbusters and is credited with refining the term to effectively create a new genre that mixed comedy, science fiction, horror, and thrills. ''Ghostbusters'' also confirmed the merchandising success of ''Star Wars (film), Star Wars'' (1977) was not a fluke. A successful, recognizable brand could be used to launch spin-offs, helping establish a business model in the film industry that has since become the status quo. Once ''Ghostbusters'' popularity was clear, the studio aggressively cultivated its profile, translating it into merchandising and other media such as television, extending its profitable lifetime long after the film had left theaters. Entertainment industry observers credit ''Ghostbusters'' and ''Saturday Night Live'' with reversing the negative perception of New York City in the early 1980s. Weaver said: "I think it was a love letter to New York and New Yorkers... the doorman saying, 'Someone brought a cougar to a party'—that's so New York. When we come down covered with marshmallow, and there are these crowds of New Yorkers of all types and descriptions cheering for us... it was one of the most moving things I can remember". It is similarly credited with helping diminish the divide between television and film actors. Talent agent Michael Ovitz said that before ''Ghostbusters'', television actors were only considered for minor roles in film. Describing ''Ghostbusters'' enduring popularity, Reitman said "kids are all worried about death and... ghost-like things. By watching ''Ghostbusters'', there's a sense that you can control this, that you can mitigate it somehow and it doesn't have to be that frightening. It became this movie that parents liked to bring their kids to—they could appreciate it on different levels but still watch it together".Cultural influence
''Ghostbusters'' was considered a phenomenon and highly influential. The ''Ghostbusters'' theme song was a hit, and Halloween of 1984 was dominated by children dressed as the titular protagonists. It had a significant effect on popular culture and is credited with inventing the special-effects driven comedy. Its basic premise of a particular genre mixed with comedy, and a team combating an otherworldly threat has been replicated with varying degrees of success in films like ''Men in Black (1997 film), Men in Black'' (1997), ''Evolution (2001 film), Evolution'' (2001), ''The Watch (2012 film), The Watch'' (2012), ''R.I.P.D.'' (2013), and ''Pixels (2015 film), Pixels'' (2015). In 2015, the United StatesCritical reassessment
''Ghostbusters''s positive reception has lasted well beyond its release, and it is considered one of the most important comedy films ever made. It is listed in the 2013 film reference book ''1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die''. On its 30th anniversary in 2014, ''The Hollywood Reporter''s entertainment industry-voted ranking named it the seventy-seventh best film of all time. That year, ''Time Out (magazine), Time Out'' rated ''Ghostbusters'' five out of five, describing it as a "cavalcade of pure joy". ''Empire (magazine), Empire''s reader-voted list of the 100 Greatest Movies placed the film as number 68. In 2014, ''Rolling Stone'' readers voted ''Ghostbusters'' the ninth-greatest film of the 1980s. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes offers a approval rating from critics, with an average rating of . The site's consensus reads: "An infectiously fun blend of special effects and comedy, with Bill Murray's hilarious deadpan performance leading a cast of great comic turns". The film also has a score of 71 out of 100 on Metacritic based on eight critical reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews. In 2001, the American Film Institute ranked ''Ghostbusters'' number 28 on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs, 100 Years...100 Laughs list recognizing the best comedy films. In 2009, ''National Review'' ranked ''Ghostbusters'' number 10 on its list of the 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years, noting the "regulation-happy" Environmental Protection Agency is portrayed as the villain and it is the private sector that saves the day. In November 2015, the screenplay was listed number 14 on the Writers Guild of America's 101 Funniest Screenplays. In 2017, the BBC polled 253 critics (118 female, 135 male) from across 52 countries on the funniest film made. ''Ghostbusters'' came ninety-fifth. ''Ghostbusters'' is considered one of the best films of the 1980s, appearing on several lists based on this metric, including: number two by Film.com, number five by ''Time Out'', number six by ''ShortList'', number 15 by ''Complex (magazine), Complex'', number 31 by ''Empire'', and it appears on Filmsite's non-ranked list. It also appeared on several media outlets' best comedy film lists—ranked number one by ''Entertainment Weekly'', number four by ''IGN'', number 10 by ''Empire'', number 25 by ''The Daily Telegraph'', and number 45 by Rotten Tomatoes, which also listed the film number 71 on its list of 200 essential movies to watch. Others have named it one of the best science-fiction films, best science-fiction comedies, and best summer blockbusters. Murray's Peter Venkman appeared at number44 on ''Empire''s 2006 list of its "100 Greatest Movie Characters".Sequels and adaptations
We did [''GhostbustersII''] and it was sort of rather unsatisfying for me, because the first one to me was ... the real thing. And the sequel ... They’d written a whole different movie than the one [initially discussed]... so there's never been an interest in a third ''Ghostbusters'', because the second one was disappointing ... for me, anyway.Aykroyd pursued a sequel through to the early 2010s. ''Ghostbusters: The Video Game'' was released in 2009, featuring narrative contributions from Ramis and Aykroyd, and voice acting by Murray, Aykroyd, Ramis, Hudson, Potts, and Atherton. Set two years after ''Ghostbusters II'', the story follows the Ghostbusters training a recruit (the player) to combat a ghostly threat related to Gozer. The game was well-received, earning award nominations for its storytelling. Aykroyd has referred to the game as being "essentially the third movie". ''Ghostbusters: The Return'' (2004) was the first in a planned series of sequel novels before the publisher went out of business. Several Ghostbusters (comics), ''Ghostbusters'' comic books have continued the original group's adventures across the globe and other dimensions. Following Ramis's death in 2014, Reitman determined the creative control shared by himself, Ramis, Aykroyd, and Murray was holding the franchise back and negotiated a deal to sell the rights to Columbia; he spent two weeks convincing Murray. Reitman refused to detail the deal but said "the creators would be enriched for the rest of our lives, and for the rest of our children's lives". He and Aykroyd founded Ghost Corps, a production company dedicated to expanding the franchise, starting with the 2016 female-led reboot ''Ghostbusters'' (later retitled ''Ghostbusters: Answer the Call''). Before its release, the reboot was beset by controversies. After its release, it was considered a box-office bomb with mixed reviews. The franchise returned to the original two films with the sequels, ''Ghostbusters: Afterlife'' (2021), directed by Reitman's son Jason Reitman, Jason, and '' Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire'' (2024).
Notes
References
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(Video) , url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3398836/revisiting-universals-ghostbusters-spooktacular-show-video/ , website=Bloody Disgusting , date=July 14, 2016 , access-date=July 20, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20190720181608/https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3398836/revisiting-universals-ghostbusters-spooktacular-show-video/ , archive-date=July 20, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web , first=Brad , last=Miska , title=Dan Aykroyd and Bill Murray to Cameo in the 'Zombieland' Sequel? 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, author-link=Janet Maslin , title= ''Ghostbusters'' , website= The New York Times , date= June 8, 1984 , url= https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9904E6D9123BF93BA35755C0A962948260 , access-date= December 4, 2008 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110131173724/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9904E6D9123BF93BA35755C0A962948260 , archive-date = January 31, 2011 , url-status= live , url-access= limited {{cite web , first= Joseph , last= Gelmis , title=''Ghostbusters'': Newsday's 1984 review of original film , website= Newsday , date= June 8, 2016 , url= https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/ghostbusters-newsday-s-1984-review-of-original-film-1.11891998 , access-date= August 15, 2019 , archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190404071243/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/ghostbusters-newsday-s-1984-review-of-original-film-1.11891998 , archive-date = April 4, 2019 , url-status= live {{cite web , author=People Staff , title=Picks and Pans 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Behind the Original ''Ghostbusters'', url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/ghostbusters-director-ivan-reitman-making-911408, date=July 15, 2016, website=The Hollywood Reporter, access-date=December 18, 2018, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219000830/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/ghostbusters-director-ivan-reitman-making-911408, archive-date=December 19, 2018, url-status=live {{cite web, first=Mike , last=Barnes , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ghostbusters-top-gun-enter-national-849092, title=''Ghostbusters'', ''Top Gun'', ''Shawshank'' Enter National Film Registry, website=The Hollywood Reporter, date=December 16, 2015, access-date=December 16, 2015, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219075612/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ghostbusters-top-gun-enter-national-849092, archive-date=December 19, 2015, url-status=live {{cite web , first=Andy , last=Lewis , title=''Star Trek'', ''Star Wars'', ''Alien'', ''Ghostbusters'' Props Score Sky-High Prices at Auction , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-trek-star-wars-alien-auction-356571 , date=July 31, 2012 , website=The Hollywood Reporter , access-date=July 22, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601120140/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/star-trek-star-wars-alien-auction-356571 , archive-date=June 1, 2017 , url-status=live {{cite web , first=Pamela, last=McClintock , title=Box Office: How ''Ghostbusters'' Compares to the First Two Films , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-how-ghostbusters-compares-911792 , date=July 19, 2016 , website=The Hollywood Reporter , access-date=June 24, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20160723202336/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-how-ghostbusters-compares-911792 , archive-date=July 23, 2016 , url-status=live {{cite web, title=Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/ghostbusters-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818454 , date=June 25, 2014 , website=The Hollywood Reporter, access-date=July 5, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705214119/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/ghostbusters-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818454 , archive-date=July 5, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web, first=Graeme , last=McMillan , title=Remembering the Long Forgotten ''Ghostbusters'' Spinoffs Through the Years , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ghostbusters-spinoffs-a-brief-history-888253 , date=April 27, 2016 , website=The Hollywood Reporter , access-date=August 5, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527215814/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ghostbusters-spinoffs-a-brief-history-888253 , archive-date=May 27, 2016 , url-status=live {{cite web , first=Graeme , last=McMillan, title=''Ghostbusters'' Fans Get Chance to Build Their Own Ectomobiles , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ghostbusters-fans-get-chance-build-own-ectomobile-1216405 , date=June 7, 2019 , website=The Hollywood Reporter, access-date=July 27, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608164850/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ghostbusters-fans-get-chance-build-own-ectomobile-1216405 , archive-date=June 8, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web , first=Ryan , last=Parker , title='Family Matters' Actor Reginald VelJohnson Says Everyone Still Thinks He's A Cop , url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reginald-veljohnson-talks-comedy-action-840152/ , date=November 16, 2015 , website=The Hollywood Reporter, access-date=June 24, 2021 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624193405/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reginald-veljohnson-talks-comedy-action-840152/ , archive-date=June 24, 2021 , url-status=live {{cite web , first=Joshua , last=Rothkopf , title=The 30 best '80s movies , url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/movies/the-30-best-80s-movies , date=May 10, 2016 , website=Time Out (magazine), Time Out , access-date=July 5, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20190705213241/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/movies/the-30-best-80s-movies , archive-date=July 5, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web , first = Tom , last = Huddleston , title = ''Ghostbusters'' , website= Time Out (magazine), Time Out , date = October 27, 2014 , url = https://www.timeout.com/london/film/ghostbusters , access-date = December 20, 2018 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230614/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/ghostbusters , archive-date = December 20, 2018 , url-status = live {{cite web , first1 =Alex , last1= Plim , first2 =Tom , last2=Huddleston , first3 =Geoff , last3=Andrew , first4 =Catherine , last4=Bray , first5 =Dave , last5= Calhoun, first6 =Cath , last6= Clarke, first7 =Alex , last7=Dudok de Wit , author7-link=Alex Dudok de Wit , first8 =Eddy , last8=Frankel , first9 =Trevor , last9=Johnston, display-authors=etal , title=The 100 best sci-fi movies , url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-100-best-sci-fi-movies , date=December 12, 2018 , website=Time Out (magazine), Time Out, access-date=July 24, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622211836/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-100-best-sci-fi-movies , archive-date=June 22, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web , title=Casper's creators aren't so friendly , url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/11/16/Caspers-creators-arent-so-friendly/1331469429200/ , date=November 16, 1984 , website=United Press International, access-date=July 28, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728113246/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/11/16/Caspers-creators-arent-so-friendly/1331469429200/ , archive-date=July 28, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web, first=Bryan , last=Alexander , title=''Ghostbusters'': Five scary facts about the 1984 classic , url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2014/08/29/ghostbusters-comedy-classic-cigarette/14829681/ , date=August 31, 2014 , website=USA Today , access-date=July 3, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703194100/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2014/08/29/ghostbusters-comedy-classic-cigarette/14829681/ , archive-date=July 3, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web, first=Lesley M. M., last=Blume, website=Vanity Fair (magazine), Vanity Fair , url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/06/ghostbusters-making-of, title=The Making of ''Ghostbusters'': How Dan Aykroyd, Harold Ramis, and "The Murricane" Built "The Perfect Comedy", date=June 4, 2014, access-date=December 20, 2018, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317063300/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/06/ghostbusters-making-of, archive-date=March 17, 2018, url-status=live {{Cite web , last=MacCary , first=Julia , date=November 8, 2023 , title=''Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire'' Trailer: Paul Rudd Is Back Battling Ghosts , url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/ghostbusters-afterlife-delayed-1235054013/ , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108163424/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/ghostbusters-frozen-empire-trailer-paul-rudd-1235541779/ , archive-date=November 8, 2023 , access-date=November 8, 2023 , website=Variety (magazine), Variety {{cite web , first=Andrea, last=Seikaly , title=''Ghostbusters'' to Celebrate 30th Anniversary With Theatrical Re-Release , date=June 5, 2014 , website=Variety (magazine), Variety , url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/ghostbusters-30th-anniversary-theater-re-release-1201214268/ , access-date=June 30, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812050556/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/ghostbusters-30th-anniversary-theater-re-release-1201214268/ , archive-date=August 12, 2014 , url-status=live {{Cite web , last=Rubin , first=Rebecca , date=September 1, 2021 , title=''Ghostbusters: Afterlife'' Delayed a Week , url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/ghostbusters-afterlife-delayed-1235054013/ , url-status=live , archive-url=https://archive.today/20220105045846/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/ghostbusters-afterlife-delayed-1235054013/ , archive-date=January 5, 2022 , access-date=January 5, 2022 , website=Variety (magazine), Variety {{cite web , first=Peter , last=Suderman, title=The original ''Ghostbusters'' was hugely political. The new one, not so much. , date=July 20, 2016 , website=Vox (website), Vox , url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/20/12204422/ghostbusters-political-movies , access-date=August 17, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524221432/https://www.vox.com/2016/7/20/12204422/ghostbusters-political-movies , archive-date=May 24, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web , title=The Criterion Collection: ''Ghostbusters'' , website=Voyager Company , url= http://www.voyagerco.com/criterion/catalogpage.cgi?ghostbusters , access-date=June 30, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970213145931/http://www.voyagerco.com/criterion/catalogpage.cgi?ghostbusters , archive-date=February 13, 1997< {{cite web , first=Jada , last=Yuan , title=Ivan Reitman on Bill Murray, Internet Trolls, and Why He Fought for the ''Ghostbusters'' Reboot , url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/07/ivan-reitman-ghostbusters-bill-murray-qa.html , website=Vulture (website), Vulture , date=July 14, 2016 , access-date=September 7, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608084559/https://www.vulture.com/2016/07/ivan-reitman-ghostbusters-bill-murray-qa.html , archive-date=June 8, 2019 , url-status=live , url-access=limited {{cite web , first=Brian , last=Feldman , title=A Roundup of Every ''Ghostbusters 3'' Rumor From the Past 25 Years , url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/08/ghostbusters-3-rumors-timeline.html , website=Vulture (website), Vulture , date=August 7, 2014 , access-date=July 18, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20150205215233/http://www.vulture.com/2014/08/ghostbusters-3-rumors-timeline.html , archive-date=February 5, 2015 , url-status=live , url-access=limited {{cite web , first=Bradford , last=Evans , title=The Lost Roles of Eddie Murphy , url=https://www.vulture.com/2011/04/the-lost-roles-of-eddie-murphy.html , website=Vulture (website), Vulture , date=April 7, 2011 , access-date=June 21, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621221214/https://www.vulture.com/2011/04/the-lost-roles-of-eddie-murphy.html , archive-date=June 21, 2019 , url-status=live , url-access=limited {{cite web , first=Violet , last=Ramis Stiel , title=On My Dad Harold Ramis and Passing the ''Ghostbusters'' Torch to a New Generation of Fans , url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/07/on-my-dad-harold-ramis-and-passing-the-ghostbusters-torch-to-a-new-generation-of-fans.html , website=Vulture (website), Vulture , date=July 14, 2016 , access-date=July 2, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008042244/http://www.vulture.com/2016/07/on-my-dad-harold-ramis-and-passing-the-ghostbusters-torch-to-a-new-generation-of-fans.html , archive-date=October 8, 2018 , url-status=live , url-access=limited {{cite web , first=Bradford , last=Evans , title=The Lost Roles of Ghostbusters , url=https://www.vulture.com/2011/05/the-lost-roles-of-ghostbusters.html , website=Vulture (website), Vulture , date=May 5, 2011 , access-date=June 4, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20190604223624/https://www.vulture.com/2011/05/the-lost-roles-of-ghostbusters.html , archive-date=June 4, 2019 , url-status=live , url-access=limited {{cite web , first=Philip , last=Klein , title=Why ''Ghostbusters'' is the most libertarian Hollywood blockbuster of all time , url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/why-ghostbusters-is-the-most-libertarian-hollywood-blockbuster-of-all-time , website=Washington Examiner , date=June 27, 2016 , access-date=August 17, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816233732/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/why-ghostbusters-is-the-most-libertarian-hollywood-blockbuster-of-all-time , archive-date=August 16, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite magazine , first=Rene , last=Chun , title=Inside The Deeply Nerdy—And Insanely Expensive—World Of Hollywood Prop Collecting , url=https://www.wired.com/2017/03/super-expensive-hollywood-props/ , magazine=Wired (magazine), Wired , date=March 7, 2017 , access-date=June 4, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929011829/https://www.wired.com/2017/03/super-expensive-hollywood-props/ , archive-date=September 29, 2018 , url-status=live , url-access=limited {{cite web, title=101 Funniest Screenplays List, url=http://www.wga.org/content/default.aspx?id=5949, website=Writers Guild of America West, WGA.org , date=November 11, 2015, access-date=April 23, 2019, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202091302/http://www.wga.org/content/default.aspx?id=5949, archive-date=February 2, 2016, url-status=live {{cite web , title=Numerous Supporting Cast, Crew Added To Ghostbusters™ Fan Fest Presented By Wizard World June 7–8 , url=https://wizardworld.com/news/numerous-supporting-cast-crew-added-to-ghostbusters-fan-fest-presented-by-wizard-world-june-7-8 , website=Wizard Entertainment, wizardworld.com , date=April 22, 2019 , access-date=August 19, 2019 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20190723214424/https://wizardworld.com/news/wizard-world-sony-pictures-team-for-ghostbusters-fan-fest-presented-by-wizard-world-june-8-9-2019 , archive-date=July 23, 2019 , url-status=live {{cite web , title=Wizard World, Sony Pictures Team For Ghostbusters Fan Fest Presented by Wizard World, June 8–9, 2019 , url=https://wizardworld.com/news/wizard-world-sony-pictures-team-for-ghostbusters-fan-fest-presented-by-wizard-world-june-8-9-2019 , website=Wizard Entertainment, wizardworld.com , date=June 7, 2018 , access-date=July 23, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819133340/https://wizardworld.com/news/numerous-supporting-cast-crew-added-to-ghostbusters-fan-fest-presented-by-wizard-world-june-7-8 , archive-date=August 19, 2019 , url-status=liveWorks cited
Books * {{cite book , last=Austin , first=Bruce A. , title=Immediate Seating: A Look at Movie Audiences , year=1989 , chapter=Which Show to See? , isbn=978-0-534-09366-2 , publisher=Cengage, Wadsworth Publishing , location=Sydney , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFMbAQAAIAAJ&q=ghostbusters * {{cite book , last=Clare , first=Ralph , title=Fictions Inc.: The Corporation in Postmodern Fiction, Film, and Popular Culture , chapter=Good Times, Bad Times... You Know I Had My Share(s): The Corporation in Five Popular Films , year=2014, isbn= 978-0-8135-6589-7 , publisher=Rutgers University Press , location=New Brunswick, New Jersey , url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/35202 * {{cite book , last=Inguanzo , first=Ozzy , title= Ghostbusters: Afterlife: The Art and Making of the Movie , date=November 2021 , publisher=Titan Books , location=London , isbn=978-1-78909-652-1 , edition=First * {{cite book , last=Matthews , first=Nicole , title=Comic Politics: Gender in Hollywood Comedy After the New Right , year=2000 , isbn= 978-0-7190-5503-4, publisher=Manchester University Press , location=Manchester, England , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSDgMnlWln4C&pg=PA106 * {{cite book, last=Schneider, first=Steven Jay, title=1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die, date=2013, publisher=Murdoch Books Pty Limited, location=Boston, Massachusetts , isbn=978-0-7641-6613-6, page=708 * {{cite book, last=Wallace , first=Daniel , year= 2015, title=Ghostbusters: The Ultimate Visual History, publisher= Insight Editions, location=San Rafael, California, isbn=978-1-60887-510-8 * {{cite book , last=Whalley, first=Jim , title=Saturday Night Live, Hollywood Comedy, and American Culture: From Chevy Chase to Tina Fey , year=2010 , isbn= 978-0-230-10358-0, publisher=Palgrave Macmillan , location=London Journals * {{cite journal , last=Clark , first=Zoila , title=Immigrants as aliens in the Ghostbusters films , year=2015 , publisher=Intellect Books , journal=Australasian Journal of Popular Culture , volume= 4, issue= 1, pages=29–42 , location=Bristol, United Kingdom , doi=10.1386/ajpc.4.1.29_1 , issn = 2045-5852 * {{cite journal, last=Corcos , first=Christine Alice, date=Fall 1997, url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42842703 , title='Who Ya Gonna C(S)ite?' Ghostbusters and the Environment Regulation Debate, journal=Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law, volume=13, number=1, jstor=42842703, pages=231–272, access-date=April 4, 2021 * {{cite journal, last=Crisp , first=Jane , title="no Message, no Sex, just Good Fun": Dealing with Gender Representation in Popular Films. , date=May 13, 1987, journal=Hecate (journal), Hecate , publisher=Hecate Press, volume=13 , issue=1 , url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/210924065, location=St Lucia, Queensland , id={{ProQuest, 210924065 Magazines * {{cite magazine , last=Larson , first=Randall D. , year=1985 , title=Elmer Bernstein and ''Ghostbusters'', magazine=CinemaScore: The Film Music Journal , issue=13/14 , location=United States , url=https://cnmsarchive.wordpress.com/2013/09/06/elmer-bernstein-and-ghostbusters/comment-page-1/ , access-date=September 29, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622205251/https://cnmsarchive.wordpress.com/2013/09/06/elmer-bernstein-and-ghostbusters/comment-page-1/ , archive-date=June 22, 2019 , url-status=live * {{cite magazine , last=McCabe , first=Joseph , year= 2016 , title=Bustin' Out a Classic , magazine=SFX (magazine), The Complete SFX Guide to Ghostbusters , location=United Kingdom , url=https://archive.org/details/SFX.Special.Edition.The.Complete.Guide.to.Ghostbusters.2016.True.PDF/page/n13 , access-date=August 17, 2019 * {{cite magazine , ref={{sfnref, McCabeB, 2016 , last=McCabe , first=Joseph , year= 2016 , title=Ghostly Visions , magazine=SFX (magazine), The Complete SFX Guide to Ghostbusters , location=United Kingdom , url=https://archive.org/details/SFX.Special.Edition.The.Complete.Guide.to.Ghostbusters.2016.True.PDF/page/n25 , access-date=August 17, 2019 * {{cite magazine , ref={{sfnref, McCabeC, 2016 , last=McCabe , first=Joseph , year= 2016 , title=Making Magic , magazine=SFX (magazine), The Complete SFX Guide to Ghostbusters , location=United Kingdom , url=https://archive.org/details/SFX.Special.Edition.The.Complete.Guide.to.Ghostbusters.2016.True.PDF/page/n77 , access-date=August 17, 2019 * {{cite magazine, magazine=Screen International, date=January 3, 1987, pages=8–9, title=That Was The Year That Was, last=Newport, first=David , location=United Kingdom * {{cite magazine, last=Waddell , first=Callum , year= 2016 , title=Slimer Designer , magazine=SFX (magazine), The Complete SFX Guide to Ghostbusters , location=United Kingdom , url=https://archive.org/details/SFX.Special.Edition.The.Complete.Guide.to.Ghostbusters.2016.True.PDF/page/n39 , access-date=August 17, 2019 Newspapers * {{cite news , last = Ansen , first = David , author-link = David Ansen , title = Got a Demon in Your Icebox? , work=Newsweek , date = June 11, 1984, location= New York City * {{cite news , title=''Ghostbusters'' phenomenon continues , url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19841016&id=H3UfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3881,3504919 , date=October 16, 1984, work=The Day (New London), The Day , access-date= January 21, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720215655/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19841016&id=H3UfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DHIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3881,3504919 , archive-date= July 20, 2019 , url-status=live , location= New London, Connecticut , ref={{sfnref, TheDay, 1984 * {{cite news , last=Harmetz , first=Aljean , date= February 2, 1986 , title=Next video-cassette boom may be mass market sales , url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=19860202&id=77QRAAAAIBAJ&pg=2690,550249&hl=en , work=The Gainesville Sun , location=Gainesville, Florida , access-date=December 23, 2017, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629101159/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=19860202&id=77QRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6OkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2690,550249&hl=en , archive-date=June 29, 2019 , url-status=live * {{cite news , last = Hicks , first = Christopher , title = ''Ghostbusters'' a funny step forward for crazy trio , work= Deseret News , date = June 8, 1984 , url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19840608&id=AatNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5640,3404745 , location=Salt Lake City, Utah, access-date =August 15, 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815225815/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19840608&id=AatNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G4MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5640,3404745 , archive-date=August 15, 2019 , url-status=live * {{cite news , url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1984/06/25/the-pop-junkpile, last = Kael , first = Pauline , title = The Pop Junkpile , magazine=The New Yorker , date = June 25, 1984 , location=New York CityExternal links
* {{Official website, http://www.ghostbusters.com/ * {{IMDb title, 0087332, Ghostbusters {{Ghostbusters {{Ivan Reitman {{Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film 1973–1990 {{Subject bar, portal1=1980s, portal2=Film , portal3=United States, portal4=Science fiction, commons=yes, n=yes, wikt=yes, q=yes, d=yes, voy=yes, c=Ghostbusters, d-search=Q108745 {{Authority control Ghostbusters films 1984 comedy films 1984 comedy horror films 1984 films 1980s fantasy comedy films 1980s ghost films 1980s monster movies 1980s American films 1980s English-language films 1980s supernatural horror films American adventure comedy films American comedy horror films American fantasy comedy films American supernatural horror films American monster movies Demons in film Giant monster films Films about spirit possession United States National Film Registry films Columbia Pictures films Films directed by Ivan Reitman Films produced by Ivan Reitman Films with screenplays by Dan Aykroyd Films with screenplays by Harold Ramis Films scored by Elmer Bernstein Films adapted into television shows Films set in New York City Films set in apartment buildings Films set in Columbia University Films set in libraries Films shot in Los Angeles Films shot in New York City Films using stop-motion animation Puppet films 1984 science fiction films English-language comedy horror films English-language science fiction horror films English-language fantasy comedy films Saturn Award–winning films