German queen (german: Deutsche Königin) is the informal title used when referring to the wife of the king of the Kingdom of Germany. The official titles of the wives of German kings were Queen of the Germans and later Queen of the Romans ( la, Regina Romanorum, ''Königin der Römer''). Empress

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

(1745–1780) is often considered to be a ruler in her own right, as she was Queen regnant of Bohemia and Hungary, and despite her husband being elected as Holy Roman Emperor, it was she who ruled the Empire and continued to do so even after the death of her husband before ruling jointly with her son Emperor Joseph II.

German (East Francian) Queens

With the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the Carolingian Empire was divided. Lothair, the King of the middle Kingdom of Lotharingia or Burgundy, obtained the title of ''Emperor''; Louis obtained Eastern Francia, the area which would become Germany. The wives of that realm's Kings are thus German Queens (or more precisely, East Francian Queens – 'Germany' is historically deemed to have developed with the election of Henry the Fowler), but not always Empresses.

Carolingian

Conradine

German Queens

With the elevation of Otto I of Germany in 962 to the Imperial title, the title 'Roman King/Emperor' became inaliably associated with the Kingdom of Germany – although a King of Germany might not bear the Imperial title, it would eventually become impossible to conceive of a Holy Roman Emperor ''not'' being King of Germany (a viewpoint reinforced with the equation of ''King of the Romans'' with ''King of Germany'' from the 12th century). Thus, the following women, though not all Holy Roman Empresses, were all Queens of Germany, and – from the inception of the Hohenstaufen dynasty – all Queens of the Romans.

Ottonian Dynasty

Salian Dynasty

House of Supplinburg

House of Hohenstaufen (1)

House of Welf

House of Hohenstaufen (2)

House of Habsburg (1)

House of Nassau

House of Habsburg (2)

House of Luxemburg (1)

House of Habsburg (3)

House of Wittelsbach (1)

House of Luxemburg (2)

House of Wittelsbach (2)

House of Luxemburg (3)

House of Habsburg

House of Wittelsbach (3)

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Consorts of disputed Kings

In addition to the above, the following women were the wives of men who made claim to the Kingship of Germany, but who are not recognised as official Kings: *

Adelheid of Savoy Adelaide of Savoy (german: Adelheid von Turin; c.1050/2 – 1079), a member of the Burgundian House of Savoy, was Duchess of Swabia from about 1062 until 1079 by her marriage with Rudolf of Rheinfelden, who also was elected German anti-king in 10 ...

(d.1080). She was the wife of Rudolf of Rheinfeld, anti-King between 1077 and 1080. *

Beatrice of Brabant Beatrice of Brabant (1225 – 11 November 1288), was a Landgravine consort of Thüringia and a Countess consort of Flanders, married first to Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, and later to William II, Count of Flanders. Biography Béatr ...

(1225 – 11 November 1288). On 10 March 1241, she became the second wife of Henry Raspe, anti-King between 1246 and 1247. *

Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1230 – 27 May 1266) was Queen of the Romans, Countess of Holland, and Countess of Zeeland as the wife of William II of Holland. Biography Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg was born in 1230 to Otto I, Duke ...

(d.1266). She was the wife of William II of Holland, who was elected as an anti-King of Germany in 1247. He was crowned ''King of the Romans'' at Aachen in 1248, and married Elizabeth in 1252. * Sanchia of Provence (1225–1261) and

Beatrice of Falkenburg Beatrice of Falkenburg ( 1254 – 17 October 1277), also referred to as Beatrix of Valkenburg, was the third spouse of Richard of Cornwall, and as such nominally queen of Germany. She was 15 years old when she married the 60-year-old English prin ...

(d.1277). They were the second and third (m.1269) wives respectively of Richard of Cornwall, who was elected King of Germany and of the Romans in 1257, in the hope that he would reestablish order in Germany. He was crowned ''King of the Romans'' by the Pope at Aachen in 1257; with him was crowned Sanchia. * Violant of Aragon (1236–1301). She was the wife of Alfonso X of Castile, who claimed and was elected as anti-King to the German throne in 1257 as a grandson of

Philip of Swabia Philip of Swabia (February/March 1177 – 21 June 1208) was a member of the House of Hohenstaufen and King of Germany from 1198 until his assassination. The death of his older brother Emperor Henry VI in 1197 meant that the Hohenstaufen rule (whi ...

. Alfonso never visited Germany, held no authority there, and relinquished his claims in 1275. *

Elisabeth von Hohnstein Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sch ...

(died c. 4 April 1380). She was the wife of Günther von Schwarzburg, who was elected King of Germany and of the Romans in place of Louis IV on 30 January 1348, but who was forced to resign his claims by Charles IV on 24 May 1349.