This chronological list of the

pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

s of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

corresponds to that given in the under the heading "" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as

antipope An antipope () is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church in opposition to the officially elected pope. Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church its ...

s. Published every year by the

Roman Curia The Roman Curia () comprises the administrative institutions of the Holy See and the central body through which the affairs of the Catholic Church are conducted. The Roman Curia is the institution of which the Roman Pontiff ordinarily makes use ...

, the no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times. The 2001 edition of the introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope. The term ''

'' () is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example

Coptic pope The pope (; ), officially the pope of Alexandria and the patriarch of the see of St. Mark, also known as the bishop of Alexandria, or the patriarch of Alexandria, is the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, with ancient Christian roots in Eg ...

). This title is usually used in English to refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including , , and . Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.

Hermannus Contractus Blessed Hermann of Reichenau or Herman the Cripple (18 July 1013– 24 September 1054), also known by other names, was an 11th-century Benedictine monk and scholar. He composed works on history, music theory, mathematics, and astronomy, a ...

may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with

Leo IX Pope Leo IX (, , 21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054), born Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is considered to be one of the most historica ...

as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century.

Christopher Christopher is the English language, English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek language, Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or ''Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Jesus ...

was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy.

Pope-elect Stephen Pope-elect Stephen (Latin: ''Stephanus''; 7th or 8th century — 25 March 752), before 1961 previously known as Pope Stephen II, was a Roman cardinal-priest and presbyter selected on 22 March 752 to succeed Pope Zachary. Because he died before ...

was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the

Council of Pisa The Council of Pisa (; , also nicknamed the , "secret meeting", by those who considered it illegitimate) was a controversial council held in 1409. It attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing both Benedict XIII (Avignon) and Gregory XII ...

(1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the

Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Great Occidental Schism, the Schism of 1378, or the Great Schism (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 20 September 1378 to 11 November 1417, in which bishops residing ...

, extending

Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII (; ; – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedi ...

's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants

Alexander V Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are ...

and

John XXIII Pope John XXIII (born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death on 3 June 1963. He is the most recent pope to take ...

as antipopes. A significant number of these popes have been recognized as

saint In Christianity, Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of sanctification in Christianity, holiness, imitation of God, likeness, or closeness to God in Christianity, God. However, the use of the ...

s, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as

martyr A martyr (, ''mártys'', 'witness' Word stem, stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external party. In ...

Chronological list of popes

1st millennium

1st century

The chronology of the early popes is heavily disputed. The first ancient lists of popes were not written until the late 2nd century, after the monarchical episcopate had already developed in Rome. These first lists combined contradictory traditions, and even the succession of the first popes is disputed. The first certain dates are AD 222 and 235, the elections of Urban I and Liberius. The years given for the first 30 popes follow the work of

Richard Adelbert Lipsius Richard Adelbert Lipsius (14 February 1830 in Gera, Thuringia – 19 August 1892 in Jena, Thuringia) was a German Protestant theologian. Biography Richard Adelbert Lipsius was the son of K. H. A. Lipsius (d. 1861), who was rector of the school ...

, which often show a 3-year difference with the traditional dates given by

Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea (30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima. ...

. These are also the dates used by the ''

Catholic Encyclopedia ''The'' ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'', also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedi ...

''.

2nd century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 198/9 –
199/200
, ''

Natalius Natalius was a figure in early church history who is sometimes considered to be the first antipope of his birthplace of Rome. The only information about Natalius is a quote from an unnamed earlier writer by Eusebius, telling of a 3rd-century pr ...

''
, style="font-size:85%", Roma, Italia, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%",

Roman citizen Citizenship in ancient Rome () was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Citizenship in ancient Rome was complex and based upon many different laws, traditions, and cu ...

, born in the capital of the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

. In opposition to

Zephyrinus Zephyrinus is a Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the ...

. Later reconciled.

3rd century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 217 – 235
, ''St Hippolytus''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 170 , style="font-size:85%", 47 / 65 , style="font-size:85%",

of Greek descent (''

Constitutio Antoniniana The (Latin for "Constitution r Edictof Antoninus"), also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, was an edict issued in AD 212 by the Roman emperor Caracalla. It declared that all free men in the Roman Empire were to be ...

''). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below). , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , March 251 – 258
, ''

Novatian Novatian ( Greek: , , ) was a scholar, priest, and theologian. He is considered by the Catholic Church to have been an antipope between 251 and 258. Some Greek authors give his name as Novatus, who was an African presbyter. He was a noted theo ...

''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 31–51 / 38–58 , style="font-size:85%",

. Founder of

Novatianism Novatianism or Novationism was an early Christian sect devoted to the theologian Novatian () that held a strict view that refused readmission to communion of '' lapsi'' (those baptized Christians who had denied their faith or performed the formal ...

. In opposition to Cornelius,

Lucius I Pope Lucius I was the bishop of Rome from 25 June 253 to his death on 5 March 254. He was banished soon after his consecration, but gained permission to return. He was mistakenly classified as a martyr in the persecution by Emperor Valerian, whic ...

Stephen I Stephen I may refer to: *Pope Stephen I, Bishop of Rome from 254 to 257 *Stephen I of Antioch, Patriarch of Antioch from 342 to 344 *Stephen I of Iberia (died 627), of the Guaramid Dynasty, presiding prince of Iberia from c. 590 to 627 *Ecumenical ...

, and

Sixtus II Pope Sixtus II (), also written as Pope Xystus II, was bishop of Rome from 31 August 257 until his death on 6 August 258. He was killed along with seven deacons, including Lawrence of Rome, during the persecution of Christians by the Emperor V ...

4th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 355 –
22 November 365
, '' Felix II''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 55 / 65 , style="font-size:85%",

. In opposition to Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor

Constantius II Constantius II (; ; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germanic peoples, while internally the Roman Empire went through repeated civ ...

. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 1 October 366 –
16 November 367
, '' Ursinus''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Italy, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%",

. In opposition to

Damasus I Pope Damasus I (; c. 305 – 11 December 384), also known as Damasus of Rome, was the bishop of Rome from October 366 to his death in 384. It is claimed that he presided over the Council of Rome of 382 that determined the canon or official list o ...

. Banished to

Gallia Gaul () was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy. It covered an area of . According to Ju ...

by Emperor

Valentinian II Valentinian II (; 37115 May 392) was a Roman emperor in the western part of the Roman Empire between AD 375 and 392. He was at first junior co-ruler of his half-brother, then was sidelined by a usurper, and finally became sole ruler after 388, ...

after a war between two sects and died after 384.

5th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 27 December 418 –
3 April 419
, '' Eulalius''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Italy, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%",

. In opposition to

Boniface I Pope Boniface I () was the bishop of Rome from 28 December 418 to his death on 4 September 422. His election was disputed by the supporters of Eulalius until the dispute was settled by Emperor Honorius. Boniface was active in maintaining church ...

. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of Emperor

Honorius Honorius (; 9 September 384 – 15 August 423) was Roman emperor from 393 to 423. He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla. After the death of Theodosius in 395, Honorius, under the regency of Stilicho ...

but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 22 November 498 –
Aug 506/8
, ''

Laurentius Laurentius is a Latin given name and surname that means "''From Laurentum''" (a city near Rome). It is possible that the place name ''Laurentum'' is derived from the Latin ''laurus'' (" laurel"). People with the name include: In Early Christiani ...

''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%",

, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King

Theodoric Theodoric is a Germanic given name. First attested as a Gothic name in the 5th century, it became widespread in the Germanic-speaking world, not least due to its most famous bearer, Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. Overview The name w ...

settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.

6th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 22 September 530 –
14 October 530
, , '' Dioscorus''
, Dioscorus , style="font-size:85%",

Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...

Aegyptus In Greek mythology, Aegyptus or Ægyptus (; ) was a legendary king of ancient Egypt. He was a descendant of the princess Io through his father Belus, and of the river-god Nilus as both the father of Achiroe, his mother and as a great, great-g ...

Eastern Roman Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...

, style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", (Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to

Boniface II Pope Boniface II (; died 17 October 532) was the first Germanic Bishop of Rome. He ruled the Holy See from 22 September 530 until his death on 17 October 532. Boniface died of natural causes, likely an illness or old age. Early life Boniface ...

. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

, died less than a month after his election.

7th century

8th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 23 March 752 –
26 March 752

, , '' Stephen (II)''
, Stephanus , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received

episcopal consecration A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of dioceses. The role ...

. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.

9th century

10th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , October 903 –
January 904
, , ''

''
, Christoforus , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

. In opposition to Leo V. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 6 December 963 –
26 February 964
, , '' Leo VIII''
, Leo , style="font-size:85%", c. 915 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 48 / 49 (†50) , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. Appointed

by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition to John XII and

Benedict V Pope Benedict V (; died 4 July 965) was the pope and ruler of the Papal States from 22 May to 23 June 964, in opposition to Pope Leo VIII, Leo VIII. He was overthrown by Emperor Otto I. His brief pontificate occurred at the end of a period known a ...

. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , July 974 –
July 974
, , '' Boniface VII''
, Francone Ferucci , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and

Benedict VII Pope Benedict VII (; died 10 July 983) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from October 974 to his death on 10 July 983. Family and early career Benedict was born in Rome, the son of David or Deodatus and nephew of Alberic II ...

. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 20 August 984 –
20 July 985
, , '' Boniface VII''
, Francone Ferucci , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to John XIV and John XV. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , April 997 –
February 998
, , ''

John XVI John XVI (; born ; ; ) was an antipope from 997 to 998. Biography John was of Greek descent and was a native of Rossano in Calabria, southern Italy. The region was at the time a territory of the Byzantine Empire, while John was the chaplain of ...

''
, Iōánnēs Philágathos, O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", c. 945 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 52 / 53 (†56) , style="font-size:85%", (Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition to

Gregory V Gregory may refer to: People and fictional characters * Gregory (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gregory (surname), a surname * Gregory (The Walking Dead), fictional character from the walki ...

2nd millennium

11th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 12 June 1012 –
31 December 1012
, , '' Gregory VI''
, Gregorio , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to

Benedict VIII Pope Benedict VIII (; – 9 April 1024) was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 18 May 1012 until his death. He was born Theophylact to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. Unusually for a medieval pope, he had strong autho ...

. Expelled from Rome and deposed. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 4 April 1058 –
24 January 1059
, , ''

Benedict X Benedict X (died 1073/1080), born Giovanni, was elected to succeed Pope Stephen IX on 5 April 1058, but was opposed by a rival faction that elected Nicholas II. He fled Rome on 24 January 1059 and is today generally regarded as an antipope.Mary S ...

''
, Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to

Nicholas II Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. He married ...

. Captured and deposed. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 30 September 1061 –
1072
, , ''

Honorius II Pope Honorius II (9 February 1060 – 13 February 1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi,Levillain, pg. 731 was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 December 1124 to his death in 1130. Although from a humble background, ...

''
, Pietro Cadalo , style="font-size:85%", 1010

Verona Verona ( ; ; or ) is a city on the Adige, River Adige in Veneto, Italy, with 255,131 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region, and is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and in Northeast Italy, nor ...

March of Verona March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 21 ...

, style="font-size:85%", 61 / 72 , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

. In opposition to Alexander II. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 25 June 1080 –
8 September 1100
, , ''

Clement III Pope Clement III (; 1130 – 20 March 1191), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 December 1187 to his death in 1191. He ended the conflict between the Papacy and the city of Rome, by allowing the electi ...

''
, Guibert of Ravenna , style="font-size:85%", 1029

Ravenna Ravenna ( ; , also ; ) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire during the 5th century until its Fall of Rome, collapse in 476, after which ...

, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 51 / 71 , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to Gregory VII,

Victor III Pope Victor III ( 1026 – 16 September 1087), born Dauferio Epifani Del Zotto, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 May 1086 to his death. He was the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far ...

Urban II Pope Urban II (; – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening the Council of Clermon ...

, and

Paschal II Pope Paschal II (; 1050 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was creat ...

. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 8 September 1100 –
January 1101
, , ''

''
, Teodorico , style="font-size:85%", c. 1030 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 70 / 71 , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to

. Captured and sent to a monastery.

12th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , January 1101 –
February 1102
, , ''

Adalbert Adalbert is a German given name which means "noble bright" or "noble shining", derived from the words ''adal'' (meaning noble) and ''berht'' (shining or bright). Alternative spellings include Adelbart, Adelbert and Adalberto. Derivative names incl ...

''
, Adalberto, O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to

. Captured and imprisoned. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 8 November 1105 –
11 April 1111
, , '' Sylvester IV''
, Maguinulf , style="font-size:85%", 1050 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 49 / 55 (†56) , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to

. Forced to abdicate. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 10 March 1118 –
20 April 1121
, , ''

Gregory VIII Pope Gregory VIII (; c. 1100/1105 – 17 December 1187), born Alberto di Morra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for two months in 1187. Becoming Pope after a long diplomatic career as Apostolic Chancellor, he ...

''
, Maurice Baurdain , style="font-size:85%", c. 1060

Limousin Limousin (; ) is a former administrative region of southwest-central France. Named after the old province of Limousin, the administrative region was founded in 1960. It comprised three departments: Corrèze, Creuse, and Haute-Vienne. On 1 Jan ...

Occitania Occitania is the historical region in Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes used as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses much of the southern third of France (except ...

, Kingdom of France , style="font-size:85%", 58 / 61 (†77) , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from th ...

. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to

Gelasius II Pope Gelasius II (c. 1060/1064 – 29 January 1119), born Giovanni Caetani or Giovanni da Gaeta (also called ''Coniulo''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1118 to his death in 1119. A monk of Monte C ...

and

Callixtus II Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II ( – 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from February 1119 to his death in 1124. His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy ...

. Captured and imprisoned. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 16 December 1124 –
17 December 1124
, , ''

Celestine II Pope Celestine II (; died 8 March 1144), born Guido di Castello,Thomas, pg. 91 was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 26 September 1143 to his death on 8 March 1144. Early life Guido di Castello, possibly the son of ...

''
, Teobaldo Boccapeci , style="font-size:85%", 1050 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 74 / 74 (†76) , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to

. Abdicated one day after his election. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 14 February 1130 –
25 January 1138
, , ''

Anacletus II Anacletus II (died January 25, 1138), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an antipope who ruled in opposition to Pope Innocent II from 1130 until his death in 1138. After the death of Pope Honorius II, the college of cardinals was divided over his su ...

''
, Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", 1090 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 40 / 48 , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to

Innocent II Pope Innocent II (; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as Pope was controversial, and the first eight years o ...

. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 15 March 1138 –
29 May 1138
, , '' Victor IV''
, Gregorio

Conti Conti is an Italian surname. Geographical distribution As of 2014, 63.5% of all known bearers of the surname ''Conti'' were residents of Italy (frequency 1:756), 11.8% of the United States (1:24,071), 9.2% of Brazil (1:17,439), 6.3% of Argentina ...

, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to

. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 7 September 1159 –
20 April 1164
, , '' Victor IV''
, Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli , style="font-size:85%", 1095 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 64 / 69 , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to Alexander III. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 28 April 1164 –
22 September 1168
, , ''

Paschal III Antipope Paschal III (Latin: ''Paschalis III''; ) was a 12th-century clergyman who, from 1164 to 1168, was the second antipope to challenge the reign of Pope Alexander III. He had previously served as Cardinal of St. Maria. Biography Born Gui ...

''
, Guido di Crema , style="font-size:85%", 1110 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 54 / 58 , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to Alexander III. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 30 September 1168 –
29 August 1178
, , ''

Callixtus III Pope Callixtus III (, , ; 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alonso de Borja (), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death, in August 1458. Borgia spent his early career as a professor ...

''
, Giovanni di Struma, O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", 1090 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 78 / 88 , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to Alexander III. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 29 September 1179 –
January 1180
, , ''

Innocent III Pope Innocent III (; born Lotario dei Conti di Segni; 22 February 1161 – 16 July 1216) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 until his death on 16 July 1216. Pope Innocent was one of the most power ...

''
, Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze , style="font-size:85%", 1120

Sezze Sezze (from the Latin "Setia") is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Latina, central Italy, about south of Rome and from the Mediterranean coast. Sezze's historical center of is on a high hill commanding the Pianura Pontina, Pontine plai ...

, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 59 / 60 (†63) , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to Alexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.

13th century

14th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 12 May 1328 –
25 July 1330
, Antiope Nicholas V

, ''

Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V (; ; 15 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene IV made him a cardinal in 1446 afte ...

''
, Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M. , style="font-size:85%", 1260 Corvaro, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 68 / 70 (†73) , style="font-size:85%", Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the

. In opposition to

John XXII Pope John XXII (, , ; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by the Conclave of ...

. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 20 September 1378 –
16 September 1394
, GiacMaster Pope Clement VII

, ''

Clement VII Pope Clement VII (; ; born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. Deemed "the most unfortunate of ...

''
, Robert de Genève , style="font-size:85%", 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy , style="font-size:85%", 36 / 52 , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

County of Savoy The County of Savoy () was a feudal state of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged, along with the free communes of Switzerland, from the collapse of the Burgundian Kingdom in the 11th century. It was the cradle of the future Savoyard state. s ...

. In opposition to

Urban VI Pope Urban VI (; ; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death, in October 1389. He was the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate be ...

and

Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX (; ; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli) was head of the Catholic Church from 2 November 1389 to his death, in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope during the Western Schism.Richard P. McBrien, ''Lives of th ...

. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 28 September 1394 –
23 May 1423
, , '' Benedict XIII''
, Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor , style="font-size:85%", 25 November 1328

Illueca Illueca is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census ( INE), the municipality has a population of 3,396 inhabitants. Antipope Benedict XIII was born and later buried here. See also * List of ...

Kingdom of Aragon The Kingdom of Aragon (; ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Monarchy, kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain. It became a part of the larger ...

, style="font-size:85%", 66 / 94 , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

. In opposition to

Innocent VII Pope Innocent VII (; ; 1339 – 6 November 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was head of the Catholic Church from 17 October 1404 to his death, in November 1406. He was pope during the period of the Western Schism (1378–1417), and was opposed ...

Martin V Pope Martin V (; ; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Oddone Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the West ...

, and the Pisan Antipopes

and

. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.

15th century

, -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", —
, 30 June 1409 –
3 May 1410
, Nuremberg Chronicle f 235v 3 Alexander V

, ''

''
, Pétros Philárgēs,
O.F.M. , style="font-size:85%", 1339 Neapoli,

Candia The name Candia can refer to: People * The House of Candia, a noble family from Savoy (14th-16th) * Alfredo Ovando Candía, 56th president of Bolivia * Antoinette Candia-Bailey, American academic administrator * Cecilia Maria de Candia, British-It ...

, Republic of Venice , style="font-size:85%", 70 / 71 , style="font-size:85%", Citizen of the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...

. Was of Greek ethnicity.

. In opposition to

. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", —
, 25 May 1410 –
29 May 1415
, , ''

''
, Baldassarre Cossa , style="font-size:85%", 1365

Procida Procida (; ) is one of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Na ...

, Kingdom of Naples , style="font-size:85%", 45 / 50 (†54) , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

Kingdom of Naples The Kingdom of Naples (; ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was established by the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282–1302). Until ...

. In opposition to

. Convened the

Council of Constance The Council of Constance (; ) was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church that was held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance (Konstanz) in present-day Germany. This was the first time that an ecumenical council was convened in ...

(1414). Deposed. Became the

dean of the College of Cardinals The dean of the College of Cardinals () presides over the College of Cardinals in the Catholic Church, serving as ('first among equals'). The position was established in the 12th century. He always holds the rank of a cardinal bishop and is as ...

in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", —
, 10 June 1423 –
26 July 1429
, , ''

Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII (; ; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 January 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born in Fano, Papal States to a prominen ...

''
, Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón , style="font-size:85%", 1369

Teruel Teruel () is a city in Aragon, located in eastern Spain, and is also the capital of Teruel (province), Teruel Province. It had a population of 35,900 as of 2022, making it the least populated provincial capital in Spain. It is noted for its har ...

, Kingdom of Aragon , style="font-size:85%", 54 / 60 (†77) , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

. In opposition to

. Later submitted to Martin V. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 1424 – 1429
, , ''

Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV (; ; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. Pope Benedict X (1058–1059) is now con ...

''
, Bernard Garnier , style="font-size:85%", Kingdom of France , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

. Two

claimants. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", — , 1430 – 1437
, , ''

''
, Jean Carrier , style="font-size:85%", Kingdom of France , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

. Two

claimants. , -style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;", —
, 5 November 1439 –
7 April 1449
, Portrait of Antipope Felix V

, ''

Felix V Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was a claimant to the papacy from 1439 to 1449 as Felix VWhen numbering of the popes began ...

''
, Amédée de

Savoie Savoie (; Arpitan: ''Savouè'' or ''Savouè-d'Avâl''; English: ''Savoy'' ) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population o ...

, style="font-size:85%", 4 September 1383

Chambéry Chambéry (, , ; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Chambèri'') is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of the Savoie Departments of France, department in the southeastern ...

, style="font-size:85%", 56 / 65 (†67) , style="font-size:85%", Subject of the

. In opposition to

Eugene IV Pope Eugene IV (; ; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 March 1431 to his death, in February 1447. Condulmer was a Venetian, and a nephew of Pope Gregory XII ...

and

. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled as

count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

and then

duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...

of Savoy.

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

3rd millennium

21st century

Religious orders

51 popes and 6

s (in italics) have been members of

religious orders A religious order is a subgroup within a larger confessional community with a distinctive high-religiosity lifestyle and clear membership. Religious orders often trace their lineage from revered teachers, venerate their founders, and have a d ...

, including 12 members of

third order The term third order signifies, in general, lay members of Christian religious orders, who do not necessarily live in a religious community such as a monastery or a nunnery, and yet can claim to wear the religious habit and participate in the goo ...

s. They are listed by order as follows:

Numbering of popes

Regnal number Regnal numbers are ordinal numbers—often written as Roman numerals—used to distinguish among persons with the same regnal name who held the same office, notably kings, queens regnant, popes, and rarely princes and princesses. It is common t ...

s follow the usual convention for European monarchs. The first pope who chooses a unique name is not usually identified by an ordinal,

John Paul I Pope John Paul I (born Albino Luciani; 17 October 1912 – 28 September 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal h ...

being the exception. Antipopes are treated as

pretender A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term may often be used to either refer to a descendant of a deposed monarchy or a claim that is not legitimat ...

s, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes. * Alexander:

Antipope Alexander V Peter of Candia, also known as Peter Phillarges () ( 1339 – 3 May 1410), named as Alexander V (; ), was an antipope elected by the Council of Pisa during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from 26 June 1409 to his death in 1 ...

(1409–1410) was listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio'' as a legitimate pope until the 20th century, when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence. * Benedict:

Antipope Benedict X Benedict X (died 1073/1080), born Giovanni, was elected to succeed Pope Stephen IX on 5 April 1058, but was opposed by a rival faction that elected Nicholas II. He fled Rome on 24 January 1059 and is today generally regarded as an antipope.Mary ...

(1058–1059) was kept in the numbering sequence. * Boniface:

Antipope Boniface VII Antipope Boniface VII (died 20 July 985), otherwise known as Franco Ferrucci, was a Catholic prelate who claimed the Holy See in 974 and from 984 until 985. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople in 974; he carried off a vast tr ...

(974 and 984–985) was kept in the numbering sequence. * Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal Pope Donus II resulted from confusion between the Latin word ''dominus'' (lord) and the name Donus. * Felix:

Antipope Felix II Antipope Felix II, an Archdeacon of Rome, was installed as Pope in 355 AD after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe to a sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius. Charles A. Coul ...

(356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence. * John: The numbering of the Popes John is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, they are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns. **

Antipope John XVI John XVI (; born ; ; ) was an antipope from 997 to 998. Biography John was of Greek descent and was a native of Rossano in Calabria, southern Italy. The region was at the time a territory of the Byzantine Empire, while John was the chaplain of ...

(997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence. **

Pope John XXI Pope John XXI (, , ; – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião (), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only ethnically Portuguese pope in history.Richard P. McBrien, ...

(1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another Pope John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice. ** By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female

Pope Joan Pope Joan (''Ioannes Anglicus'', 855–857) is a woman who purportedly reigned as popess (female pope) for two years during the Middle Ages. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. ...

, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio''. **

Antipope John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa (died 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope as John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church today regards him as an antipope in opposition to Pope Gregory XII, whom it recognizes as the rightful succ ...

(1410–1415) was listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio'' as a legitimate pope until the 20th century. After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes,

Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII (born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death on 3 June 1963. He is the most recent pope to take ...

(1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two icJohns of indisputable legitimacy". * Martin:

Pope Martin I Pope Martin I (, ; between 590 and 600 – 16 September 655), also known as Martin the Confessor, was the bishop of Rome from 21 July 649 to his death 16 September 655. He had served as Pope Theodore I's ambassador to Constantinople, and was pap ...

(649–655) is followed by

Martin IV Pope Martin IV (; born Simon de Brion; 1210/1220 – 28 March 1285), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 February 1281 until his death in 1285. He was the last French pope to hold his court in Rome before ...

(1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names ''Marinus'' and ''Martinus'', Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III. * Stephen:

(752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961. The remaining Stephens are now numbered

Pope Stephen II Pope Stephen II (; 714 – 26 April 757) was born a Roman aristocrat and member of the Orsini family. Stephen was the bishop of Rome from 26 March 752 to his death on 26 April 757. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzan ...

(752–757) to

Pope Stephen IX Pope Stephen IX (, christened Frederick; – 29 March 1058) was the Bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 August 1057 to his death on 29 March 1058. He was a member of the Ardenne-Verdun family, who ruled the Duchy of Lorra ...

(1057–1058).

< ...

List of popes from the Medici family The list of popes from the Medici family includes four men from the late-15th century through the early-17th century. The House of Medici first attained wealth and political power in Florence in the 15th century through its success in commerce an ...

List of sexually active popes This is a list of sexually active popes, Catholic priests who were not celibate before they became pope, and those who were legally married before becoming pope. Some candidates were allegedly sexually active before their election as pope, an ...

List of popes (graphical) This is a graphical list of the popes of the Catholic Church. While the term ''pope'' (, 'Father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders, in English usage, this title generally refers to the supreme head of the Cat ...

Notes

References

External links

Catholic Online: The List of Popes

Chronological List of Popes

Popes & Anti-Popes
(2019 archived copy) {{DEFAULTSORT:Popes, List Of Lists of clerics Lists of monarchs Lists of patriarchs Lists of Christian religious leaders * *

Chronological list of popes

1st millennium

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

6th century

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

2nd millennium

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

3rd millennium

21st century

Religious orders

Numbering of popes

See also

Lists

< ...

Notes

References

Further reading

External links