''Geosmithia'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

anamorph In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. *Anamorph: an ase ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

of uncertain familial placement in the order

Hypocreales The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, in ...

. The genus, circumscribed by Australian mycologist John Pitt in 1979, is widely distributed. A 2008 estimate placed ten species in the genus, but several new species have since been described. Thousand cankers disease, which affects economically important

black walnut ''Juglans nigra'', the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to central and eastern North America, growing mostly in riparian zones. Black walnut is susceptible to thousand can ...

(''Juglans nigra'') populations in North America, is caused by ''

Geosmithia morbida Geosmithia morbida is a mitosporic ascomycete fungus belonging to the order Hypocreales and the family Bionectriaceae. This fungus is recognized as the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD), a significant threat to walnut trees. The dise ...

''. Species in the genus are generally similar to those in ''

Penicillium ''Penicillium'' () is a genus of Ascomycota, ascomycetous fungus, fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production. Some members of th ...

'', but can be distinguished from them by forming cylindrical

conidia A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an asexual, non- motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also ...

from rough-walled phialides. Additionally, the conidia of ''Geosmithia'' do not have a green color, in contrast to the characteristic blue-grey or green-grey conidia of ''Penicillium''. Some ''Geosmithia'' species have teleomorphic forms that are classified in the genus ''

Talaromyces ''Talaromyces'' is a genus of fungi in the family Trichocomaceae. Described in 1955 by American mycologist Chester Ray Benjamin, species in the genus form soft, cottony fruit bodies ( ascocarps) with cell walls made of tightly interwoven hyphae ...

''. However, ''Geosmithia'' is a polyphyletic taxon with evolutionary affinities to at least three groups of the euascomycete lineage within the Ascomycota. The generic name ''Geosmithia'' honors British mycologist George Smith.

Species

As accepted by

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

; *'' Geosmithia brunnea'' *'' Geosmithia carolliae'' *'' Geosmithia cnesini'' *'' Geosmithia eburnea'' *'' Geosmithia emersonii'' *'' Geosmithia eupagioceri'' *'' Geosmithia fassatiae'' *''

Geosmithia flava ''Geosmithia'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi of uncertain family (biology), familial placement in the order Hypocreales. The genus, circumscribed by Australian mycologist John Pitt in 1979, is widely distributed. A 2008 estimate placed ten speci ...

'' *'' Geosmithia langdonii'' *'' Geosmithia lavendula'' *'' Geosmithia malachitea'' *'' Geosmithia microcorthyli'' *''

'' *'' Geosmithia namyslowskii'' *'' Geosmithia obscura'' *'' Geosmithia omnicola Pepori'' *'' Geosmithia proliferans'' *'' Geosmithia putterillii'' *'' Geosmithia rufescens'' *'' Geosmithia swiftii'' *'' Geosmithia tibetensis'' *'' Geosmithia ulmacea'' *'' Geosmithia xerotolerans'' Former species; * ''G. argillacea'' = '' Rasamsonia argillacea'' Aspergillaceae family * ''G. cylindrospora'' = '' Rasamsonia cylindrospora'' Aspergillaceae * ''G. pallida'' = ''Geosmithia putterillii'' * ''G. viridis'' = '' Talaromyces viridulus'' Aspergillaceae

References

External links

* Enigmatic Hypocreales taxa Sordariomycetes genera {{Hypocreales-stub