
A generation II reactor is a design classification for a
nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a Nuclear fission, fission nuclear chain reaction. They are used for Nuclear power, commercial electricity, nuclear marine propulsion, marine propulsion, Weapons-grade plutonium, weapons ...
, and refers to the class of commercial reactors built until the end of the 1990s.
Prototypical and older versions of
PWR,
CANDU
The CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) is a Canadian pressurized heavy-water reactor design used to generate electric power. The acronym refers to its deuterium oxide (heavy water) neutron moderator, moderator and its use of (originally, natural ...
,
BWR,
AGR,
RBMK and
VVER are among them.
These are contrasted to reactors, which refer to the early prototype of power reactors, such as
Shippingport,
Magnox/
UNGG,
AMB,
Fermi 1, and
Dresden 1.
The last commercial Gen I power reactor was located at the
Wylfa Nuclear Power Station and ceased operation at the end of 2015. The
nomenclature
Nomenclature (, ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. (The theoretical field studying nomenclature is sometimes referred to as ''onymology'' or ''taxonymy'' ). The principl ...
for reactor designs, describing four 'generations', was proposed by the US Department of Energy when it introduced the concept of
generation IV reactor
Generation IV (Gen IV) reactors are nuclear reactor design technologies that are envisioned as successors of generation III reactors. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) – an international organization that coordinates the development of ...
s.
The designation ''generation II+ reactor'' is sometimes used for modernized generation II designs built post-2000, such as the Chinese
CPR-1000, in competition with more expensive
generation III reactor designs. Typically, the modernization includes improved safety systems and a 60-year design life.
Generation II reactor designs generally had an original design life of 30 or 40 years.
This date was set as the period over which loans taken out for the plant would be paid off. However, many generation II reactors are being life-extended to 50 or 60 years, and a second life-extension to 80 years may also be economical in many cases.
By 2013 about 75% of still operating U.S. reactors had been granted life extension licenses to 60 years.
Chernobyl's No.4 reactor that exploded was a generation II reactor, specifically
RBMK-1000.
Fukushima Daiichi's three destroyed reactors were generation II reactors; specifically Mark I Boiling water reactors (BWR) designed by
General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) was an American Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the New York (state), state of New York and headquartered in Boston.
Over the year ...
.
In 2016, unit 2 at the
Watts Bar Nuclear Generating Station came online and is likely to be the last generation II reactor to become operational in the
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
.
See also
*
List of reactor types
*
OPR-1000
*
System 80
References
External links
Nuclear Reactors Knowledge Base at IAEA
Nuclear power reactor types
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