Gene editing may refer to: *

Genetic engineering Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of Genetic engineering techniques, technologies used to change the genet ...

of any organism by genome editing. Gene editing is the emerging molecular biology technique which makes very specific targeted changes by insertion, deletion or substitution of genetic material in an organism's DNA to obtain desired results. Examples of gene editing are CRISPR, zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis + meganucleases. *

Genome editing Genome editing, or genome engineering, or gene editing, is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism. Unlike early genetic engineering techniques that randomly insert ge ...

, a type of genetic engineering *

Gene therapy Gene therapy is Health technology, medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells. The first attempt at modifying human DNA ...

, the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid polymers into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease *

CRISPR gene editing CRISPR gene editing (; pronounced like "crisper"; an abbreviation for "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. ...

, a genetic engineering technique.CRISPR are termed as (site directed nucleases) SDN since they target specific part of genome, there are 3 different categories of SDN. SDN1 makes random mutations at target site to repair the damaged host DNA without involving any foreign DNA. SDN2 uses small non coding homologous repair DNA to achieve specific nucleotide sequence to repair the host DNA by (homology directed repair) HDR which is a natural nucleic acid repair system. SDN3 uses a large stretch of protein coding donor DNA which is targeted for insertion through HDR at a predefined genomic locus. *TALEN editing, using

transcription activator-like effector nuclease Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) are restriction enzymes that can be engineered to cut specific sequences of DNA. They are made by fusing a TAL effector DNA-binding domain to a DNA cleavage domain (a nuclease which cuts DN ...

s. TALENs are another type of genome editing tool. They work by using engineered proteins that can recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences, which then triggers a cut in the DNA. TALENs are less efficient than CRISPR/Cas9, but they are still a useful tool for genome editing. *Zinc finger editing, using

zinc finger nuclease Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are artificial restriction enzymes generated by fusing a zinc finger DNA-binding domain to a nuclease, DNA-cleavage domain. Zinc finger domains can be engineered to target specific desired DNA sequences and this enab ...

s *

Natural genetic engineering Natural genetic engineering (NGE) is a class of process proposed by molecular biologist James A. Shapiro to account for novelty created in the course of biological evolution. Shapiro developed this work in several peer-reviewed publications from 199 ...

(NGE) has been proposed by molecular biologist James A. Shapiro to account for novelty created in the course of biological evolution.

See also