Gavriil Vasilyevich Baranovsky, also Baranovskii (; – ) was a Russian architect, civil engineer, art historian and publisher, who worked primarily in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

for the Elisseeff family, but also practiced in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

and produced the first

town plan Urban planning (also called city planning in some contexts) is the process of developing and designing land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportatio ...

for

Murmansk Murmansk () is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far Far North (Russia), northwest part of Russia. It is the world's largest city north of the Arctic Circle and sits on both slopes and banks of a modest fjord, Ko ...

(then Romanov-na-Murmane).

Biography

Education and early career

He was born in

Odessa ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl ...

to attorney Vasili Ivanovitš Baranovsky and his wife Rosalia Malinovska Gavriil Baranovsky. Baranovsky trained at Saint Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers (1881–1886), graduating with an honorary silver medal. He began his architectural career as an assistant to Paul Susor (Pavel Susor) between 1883 and 1885. His first commission was a state-financed Main Palace Chancellery (Главная дворцовая канцелярия); in 1885-1888, Baranovsky worked on numerous apartment buildings in Saint Petersburg. After 1888 he became staff architect for the

Baltic Shipyard The OJSC Baltic Shipyard (''Baltiysky Zavod'', formerly Shipyard 189 named after Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze) () is one of the oldest shipyards in Russia and is part of United Shipbuilding Corporation today. It is located in Saint Petersburg in th ...

Architect to the Elisseeffs

Baranovsky was married to a daughter of Grigory Elisseeff of the Elisseeff (Yeliseyev, Elisseieff) merchant family based in Saint Petersburg, owner of a lot of local real estate. Grigory Elisseeff's apartment building (1889–1890) became Baranovsky's first independent commission as a lead architect. Later, Baranovsky completed various country homes for the Elisseeff family and, most visible of his buildings, an eclectic Elisseeff Emporium on

Nevsky Prospect Nevsky Prospect ( rus, Не́вский проспе́кт, r=Nevsky Prospekt, p=ˈnʲɛfskʲɪj prɐˈspʲɛkt) is a main street ( high street) located in the federal city of St. Petersburg in Russia. Its name comes from the Alexander Nevs ...

(1900–1903) and its Moscow counterpart, the Elisseeff Store on

Tverskaya Street Tverskaya Street ( rus, Тверская улица, p=tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈulʲɪt͡sə), known between 1935 and 1990 as Gorky Street (), is the main radial road, radial street in Moscow. The street runs Northwest from the central Manezhnaya Squ ...

(1898–1901, with Marian Peretyatkovich). In 1898 Baranovsky was appointed construction manager for all Elisseeff businesses. Baranovsky's style varied through different shades of eclectics, eventually focusing on

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...

Public activities

In 1891 Baranovsky was appointed to Empress Maria's Office of Charitable Institutions and designed Saint-Petersburg Eye Hospital. He also held various consultancy roles with other state institutions. More important was his public editorial activity, starting as chief editor of ''Our Home'' (Наше Жилище, 1894–1895), later ''Stroitel'' (Строитель, 1895–1905) magazine. Baranovsky promoted and edited the "Architectural Encyclopaedia of the Second Half of 19th century" ("Архитектурная энциклопедия второй половины XIX века") in seven volumes. It was then considered to be the most complete Russian reference on contemporary architecture of the world. According to ''St. Petersburg Fragments'' (Петербург - фрагменты) Biographical section, the aging architect died in 1920 from starvation that followed the

Russian Revolution of 1917 The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...

and the

Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...

. Baranovskys son Wassilij (d. 1945) immigrated to Sweden. He was pianist and composer and made several recordings in his new homeland. He was married with violinist Nora Duesberg.

Buildings

Saint Petersburg and suburbs

*1880s -

workshops, St. Petersburg, 1880, assistant to

Ernest Gibert Ernest is a given name derived from the Germanic word ''ernst'', meaning "serious", often shortened to Ernie. Notable people and fictional characters with the name include: People *Archduke Ernest of Austria (1553–1595), son of Maximilian ...

(1823–1909) *1885-1888 Apartment buildings: 20, Shirokaya Street; 7th line of

Vasilyevsky Island Vasilyevsky Island (, Vasilyevsky Ostrov, V.O.) is an island in Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia, bordered by the Bolshaya Neva River, Bolshaya Neva and Malaya Neva Rivers (in the delta of the Neva River) in the south and northeast ...

, etc. *1888 Elisseeff building expansion, 18 Birzhevaya Linia; 1900-1903 further rebuild *1887 Smolenka River bridge, Goloday Island Railroad *1889-1890 Elisseeff apartment building, 64

Fontanka The Fontanka (), a left branch of the river Neva, flows through the whole of Central Saint Petersburg, Russia – from the Summer Garden to . It is long, with a width up to , and a depth up to . The Moyka River forms a right-bank branch ...

Embankment *1889-1892 Elisseeff apartment building, 14 Lomonosova Street; repairs and expansion, 12 Lomonosova Street *1892 Grigory Elisseeff House, Birzhevaya Linia *1897-1898 Own rental apartment building, 36 Dostoyevskogo Street *1899-1900 Princess Obolenskaya School for the Girls, 8 Baskov Lane *1900-1903 Elisseeff Emporium, 56

; 1906 rebuild of adjacent buildings *1907-1909 Russian Geographical Society, 10 Grivtsova Lane *1908 Shuvalov apartment building, Knyagininskaya Street *1909 Pawn Shop, 72 Moika Embankment *1909-1910 Dorzhiev House, 93 Primorsky Prospect *1909-1915

Buddhist Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

Temple, 91 Primorsky Prospect

Moscow

*1899-1901 Elisseeff Store, 14

with Marian Peretyatkovich and Vladimir Voeykov *1905 Elisseeff apartment building, 1 Kozitsky Lane, with Vladimir Voeykov

Elsewhere

*1897-1899 Elisseeff Estate and Park ( Oru Palace), Toila-Oru,

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

(destroyed) *1917 Town plan for Romanov-na-Murmane settlement (present-day

)

References

Sources

*Russian: Архитекторы-строители Петербурга-Петрограда начала XX века. Каталог выставки. Л., 1982; Барановский, с. 21-22 (Architects and builders of St. Petersburg and Petrograd at the beginning of 20th century. Exhibition catalogue. Leningrad, 1982, pp. 21–22) *Russian: Кириков Б.М., Федоров С.Г. Зодчий-энциклопедист (Г.В.Барановский). Ленинградская панорама, 1985, N 2 (B.M. Kirikov and S.G. Federov - Gavriil Baranovskii, Architect-Encyclopedist, Leningrad Panorama, No. 2, 1985) *Russian: Нащокина, Мария, "Архитекторы московского модерна", М, "Жираф", 2005, с. 62-66 (Maria Naschokina, Architect of Moscow Moderne, M, 2005, pp. 63–66) *Gabriel Baranovsky: Världssubstanssen och dess härledning, sammanfattat och utgivet av Wassilij Baranovsky, Lund 1921 {{DEFAULTSORT:Baranovsky, Gavriil 19th-century architects from the Russian Empire Art Nouveau architects 19th-century historians from the Russian Empire Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering alumni 1860 births 1920 deaths 20th-century Russian architects 20th-century Russian historians